Chapter 15

Hematologic System

Definition Hematologic System: encompasses the

production of blood and the transport of blood throughout the body.

Fxns of BloodBlood supplies body tissues with

OxygenNutrientsAnd various chemicals

Blood TransportsWaste products to organs for removal

Blood alsoPlays role in endocrine and immune system

Structures of BloodBlood is formed in

the bone marrowHematopoietic

To identify componentsDraw blood: removeAdd anticoagulant:

keeps from clotting EDTA, heparin

Liquid portionSerumPlasmaClotting proteinsFats

Formed ElementsErythrocytesReticulocyteMacrophageLeukocyte

Clotting CellsThromocyte

Test me: Blood Blood Smear

Blood specimen on microscope slideBone Marrow biopsy

Pathology: Hematologic SystemAnemia

Less than normal levels of red blood cellsEdema

Accumulation of fluid in the intercelluar space

HemorrhageLoss of blood (in a short period of time)

LeukemiaElevation in the number of maligant white

blood cells

Lymphatic SystemFxns

Part of the immune systemReturns excess lymph to the bloodAbsorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins

Lymphatic StructuresLymph Fluid

Interstitial fluid Baths and nourishes cells between organ

Lymph Formed when interstitial fluid moves into capillaries Brings nutrients and hormones to cells and carries waste

away Always goes towards the thoracic cavity

Lymph VesselsSimilar to veins (have valves to prevent back flow)

Lymph NodesBean shaped structures Filter Lymph (waste products etc) to remove viruses Cells are destroyed here by B and T cellsLocated throughout the body

Lymphatic Structures continued Tonsils

Masses of lymphatic tissueProtect nose and cranial (upper) throat portions Described according to location

SpleenLocated in the cranial abdomenFilters material from the bloodStores red blood cells Maintains balance of cells and plasma in the

bloodThymus

Immune fxn Develops T cells

Immune System Fxn

Protects the body from harmful substancesEncompasses many structures throughout the

bodySpecialized Cells

Lymphocyte (T and B) White blood cell, involved in response works against

antigensLocated in: spleen, thymus, bone marrow

T Lymphocytes: circulate, produced in bone marrow, Kills organisms on contact

Plasma cell / PlasmocytesProduces and secretes specific antibody for specific

antigen (foreign material)

Immune Response Overview

Pathology : Immune/Lymphatic Allergy

Overreaction by the body to a particular anitgen

AnaphylazisSevere response to a foreign substance

Autoimmune DiseaseBody makes antibodies directed toward itself

ImmunosuppressionReduction or decrease in the state of

resistance (more likely to get sick)

OncologyStudy of tumors

Malignant: cancerousMetastasis: pathogenic growth in different sites of

bodyBenign: non- cancerous Tumor=neoplasm: abnormal rapid growth of

cellsTumors described by appearance

Pedunculated: stalk bearingWell-circumscribed: defined boardersInvasive: spreading without boarders

OncologyProcedures:

Chemotherapy Radiation Therapy Surgical excision

PathologyBlastoma: neoplasm of undifferentiated cells Lymphoma: neoplasm composed of lymphoid

tissueMelanoma: neoplasm of melanin-pigmented

cells Osteosarcoma: malignant neoplasm composed

of bone

Activities Chapter 15 Explanation of blood structures and

elements Fig15-1Diagram of lymph nodes (location) and

what they are responsible for Fig 15-9 Pictorial representation of immune system

responseDefine terminology used when discussing

the immune system pg 323