NEW DEALChapter 15

Election of 1932 Democrats win Presidency, Senate, and

House Franklin Delano Roosevelt

• Reform minded• Friendly• Confident

• Forms Brain Trust refers to the group of academic advisers that FDR

gathered to assist him during the 1932 presidential campaign

develop an economic plan whose programs became the backbone of the New Deal

NEW DEAL Relief for needy, economic recovery,

financial reform RELIEF, RECOVERY, REFORM

First Hundred Days Passes over 15 major New Deal laws Emergency Banking Relief Act

• Treasury Department allowed to inspect banks Decides which are insolvent, sound or need loans PUBLIC CONFIDENCE IN BANKS REVIVED

Fireside Chats• Radio talks explaining New Deal measures• 1st chat discussed need for public • support in government and banks

Banking and Finance Glass-Steagall Act

• Established Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Insures individual bank accounts, regulates

banking practices Federal Securities Act

• Companies must release all information on stocks

Rural Assistance Agricultural Adjustment Act, AAA

• Raises food prices • Lowers supply

Tennessee Valley Authority, TVA• Creates jobs renovating, building dams

Providing Work Projects Civilian Conservation Corps, CCC

• Public work jobs for young men Public Works Administration, PWA

• Money to states to create jobs

Civil Works Administration, CWA• Builds rural schools, pays teachers

Promoting Fair Practices• National Industrial Recovery Act, NIRA

establishes codes for fair practices for industries Creates National Recovery Administration

Sets standards, prices, limits production

• Food, Clothing, and Shelter Home Owners Loan Corporation

Gives loans to prevent foreclosures Federal Housing Administration

Gives loans for mortgages Federal Emergency Relief Administration

Direct relief to needy

Opposition to New Deal Deficit Spending – funds New Deal

• Spending more money than government takes in

Liberals:• New Deal does not do enough to help poor

or fix economy Conservatives:

• Socialism

Supreme Court Strikes down many measures of New

Deal as unconstitutional FDR proposes “Court-packing bill”

• Congress/Press protest• proposal in February 1937 to provide retirement

at full pay for all members of the court over 70. If a justice refused to retire, have an "assistant" with full voting rights was to be appointed

Starting in 1937, justices start to retire, FDR appoints 7 new justices

Father Charles Coughlin• Wants guaranteed income, banks

nationalized Dr. Francis Townsend

• Pension plan for elderly Huey Long

• Poised to run for president on his “Share Our Wealth” platform, Long was assassinated in 1935 at the age of 42

• designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation’s wealth among the people

Section 2 SECOND HUNDRED DAYS

• By 1935, economic recovery not as great as FDR hoped

• Launches 2nd phase: more relief for farmers, workers

• Eleanor Roosevelt, social reformer prods President

Election of 1936 Democrats win First time majority of African-

Americans vote Democrats FDR supported by Labor Unions

Focus on Farms 1936 - AAA replaced by Soil

Conservation & Domestic Allotment Act• Gives loan to small farms to buy land• Farm Security Administration

Loans to tenant farmers to buy land

Urban Areas Works Progress Administration, WPA

• Creates jobs on airports, roads, public buildings

• Women sew clothes for needy• Employs professional writers, artists,

performers National Youth Administration, NYA

• Education, jobs, counseling for youth• Gives aid to students in exchange for part

time work

Improving Labor Conditions

Wagner Act, National Labor Relations Board• Replaces NIRA• Protects rights to join unions, collective

bargaining• Prohibits unfair labor practices

Fair Labor Standards Act• Set maximum hours, minimum wage

Social Security Act Insurance for retirees 65 and older Unemployment compensation Aid to disabled Aid to families with children

New DealChapter 15 Section 3, 4, 5

Effects of New Deal on Minorities

Women• FDR names several women to government

positions• Frances Perkins –

1st female cabinet member Secretary of Labor

• NRA – set lower wage codes for women• FERA and CWA – hired less women than

men• CCC – hired men only

African-Americans A Philip Randolph

• Organized 1st all black trade union Mary McLeod Bethune

• Headed Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration

• Organized “Black Cabinet” to advise the Roosevelt administration on racial issues

Eleanor Roosevelt – Civil Rights Activist FDR – never fully committed to civil

rights• NRA, CCC, TVA – lower wages for blacks

Native-Americans John Collier – Commissioner of Indian

Affairs

Indian Reorganization Act – moved away from assimilation toward autonomy

Changes in three areas• Economic• Cultural• Political

More effects MEXICAN-AMERICANS

LABOR UNIONS & URBAN AREAS

Migrant workers had no permanent address which disqualified them from government programs

Received lower wages than African-Americans

Put support behind FDR

Most religious groups supported FDR

ENTERTAINMENTGONE WITH THE WIND WAR OF THE WORLDS

1939 https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=8mM8iNarcRc

1938 https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Xs0K4ApWl4g

FEDERAL ART PROJECT AUTHORS

WPA paid artists to product public art • Murals• Teach

John Steinbeck• Grapes of Wrath

Impact of New Deal 1937

• Economy had improved• Most felt Depression was ending• FDR scaled back programs to cut costs• Didn’t want to continue deficit spending

1939• Great Depression is over