Chapter 15

Chemical Compounds

Chemical Compounds Introduction In Chapter 14, we learned how to balance

chemical reaction containing elements and chemical compounds.

In Chapter 15, we will learn about the structure and properties of ionic and covalent compounds as well as the properties of acids and bases.

Acids and bases are found in things that we encounter everyday.

Chemical Compounds Introduction 1) What is a chemical compound?

2) What is an ionic compound?

3) What is a covalent compound?

4) How does bonding occur in atoms?

Chemical Compounds Introduction 5) What is an acid?

6) What is a base?

7) What is a substance with a high acid content?

8) What is a substance with a high base content?

Section 1: Objectives

1) Describe the properties of ionic and covalent compounds.

2) Classify compounds as ionic or covalent based on their properties.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds When ions or molecules combine, they form

compounds.

A chemical bond is the combining of 2 atoms to form molecules or compounds.

Bonding can occur between valence electrons of different atoms. This is how chemical bonds are made.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

An ionic bond is an attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Compounds that contain ionic bonds are called ionic compounds.

Ionic compounds are: Brittle Have a high melting point Soluble

Ionic and Covalent Compounds Brittleness is a property that most ionic

compounds share.

Ionic compounds tend to be brittle solids at room temperature.

They usually break apart when hit.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Ionic and Covalent Compounds High melting points is another property that

ionic compounds share.

Ionic compounds have a high melting point because of the strong ionic bonds that hold ions together.

In other words, it takes a lot of heat/energy to break an ionic bond.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Ionic compounds are highly soluble.

They dissolve easily in water.

They are good conductors of electricity because the particles left are charged.

Ionic compounds are highly soluble and very ductile.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds Covalent compounds are compounds that

form when a group of atoms shares electrons.

This sharing of atoms forms a covalent bond.

Covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds.

Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Covalent Bond Properties:

Low Solubility

Low Melting Points

Not good conductors of electric current

Chapter 15 Section 1-2: Pop Quiz 1) What must happen before compounds can

form?

2) What is an ionic bond?

3) Give 3 properties of ionic compounds.

4) What is required before an ionic compound can break?

Chapter 15 Section 1-2: Pop Quiz 5) T/F Covalent bonds are stronger than ionic

bonds.

6) List 3 properties of covalent bonds.

7) Ionic compounds are ________ ________ and very _________.

Chapter 15 Section 1-2: Pop Quiz 8) List 3 properties of acids.

9) List 3 properties of bases.

10) List 1 common use for an acid and 1 common use for a base.

Section 2: Objectives

Describe 4 properties of acids.

Identify 4 uses of acids.

Describe 4 properties of bases.

Identify 4 uses of bases.

Acids and Bases

Acid: any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water

Hydronium ion: H30+

Acids and Bases

There are 4 properties of acids: Sour flavor Change color in indicators React with metals Conduct electricity

Indicator: compound that can reversibly change color depending on pH conditions

Acids and Bases

These are some uses of acids: Sulfuric acid is used to make products such

as paper, paint, detergents, and fertilizers. Hydrochloric acid is used to make cleaner for

swimming pool liners. Citric acid and ascorbic acid are found in

orange juice.

Acids and Bases

Base: any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

Hydroxide ion: OH-

Acids and Bases

There are 4 properties of bases: Bitter flavor

Change color in indicators

Conduct electricity

Slippery feel

Acids and Bases

These are some uses of bases: Sodium hydroxide is a base used to make

soap and paper. Calcium hydroxide is used to make cement

and plaster. Ammonia is found in many household

cleaners.