Chapter 15 Augmented Feedback Concept: Augmented feedback provides information that can facilitate skill learning

Chapter 15Chapter 15

Augmented FeedbackAugmented Feedback

Concept: Augmented feedback provides information that can facilitate skill learning

Two Types of Performance-Two Types of Performance-Related Information (Feedback)Related Information (Feedback)

Task-intrinsic feedbackTask-intrinsic feedback–Sensory-perceptual information that is a Sensory-perceptual information that is a

natural part of performing a skillnatural part of performing a skill

Augmented feedbackAugmented feedback–Performance related information added to or Performance related information added to or

enhancing task-intrinsic feedbackenhancing task-intrinsic feedback

Two Types ofTwo Types ofAugmented FeedbackAugmented Feedback

Knowledge of Results (KR)Knowledge of Results (KR)–Externally presented information about the Externally presented information about the

outcome of performing a skill or about outcome of performing a skill or about achieving the goal of the performanceachieving the goal of the performance

Knowledge of Performance (KP)Knowledge of Performance (KP)– Externally presented information about Externally presented information about

movement characteristics that led to the movement characteristics that led to the performance outcomeperformance outcome

See examples of both types of augmented feedback in Table 15.1

Table 15.1 Examples of Table 15.1 Examples of Augmented FeedbackAugmented Feedback

A golf instructor tells studentA golf instructor tells student KR: shot went into right roughKR: shot went into right rough

KP: you were short on your KP: you were short on your backswing backswing

A physical therapist tells patientA physical therapist tells patient KR: you walked 10 ft todayKR: you walked 10 ft today

KP: you should bend your knees KP: you should bend your knees more as you walk more as you walk

A sprinter in trackA sprinter in track KR: sees time posted on boardKR: sees time posted on board

KP: sees a videotape replayKP: sees a videotape replay

A gymnast A gymnast KR: sees judge’s scoreKR: sees judge’s score

KP: looks at stick figure KP: looks at stick figure representation of representation of

performanceperformance

The Roles of Augmented The Roles of Augmented Feedback in Skill AcquisitionFeedback in Skill Acquisition

Two roles in skill learning process:Two roles in skill learning process:–Facilitates achievement of the action goal Facilitates achievement of the action goal

of the skillof the skill–Motivates the learner to continue striving Motivates the learner to continue striving

toward a goaltoward a goal

How Essential is Augmented How Essential is Augmented Feedback for Skill Learning?Feedback for Skill Learning?

FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS:FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

It can be essential for skill learningIt can be essential for skill learning

It may not be necessary for skill learningIt may not be necessary for skill learning

It can enhance skill learning It can enhance skill learning

It can hinder or slow skill learningIt can hinder or slow skill learning

See textbook for types of situationsrelated to each of the four answers















Results of experiment by Wallace and Hagler showing the Results of experiment by Wallace and Hagler showing the benefit of verbal error-based KP for enhancing learning a benefit of verbal error-based KP for enhancing learning a basketball shooting skillbasketball shooting skill








Five Issues Related to Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback ContentAugmented Feedback Content

1.1. Information about errors vs. correct Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performanceaspects of performance

2.2. KR vs. KPKR vs. KP3.3. Qualitative vs. quantitative Qualitative vs. quantitative

informationinformation4.4. Augmented feedback based on error Augmented feedback based on error

sizesize5.5. Erroneous augmented feedbackErroneous augmented feedback





















Types ofTypes ofKnowledge of PerformanceKnowledge of Performance

Verbal KPVerbal KP–Two typesTwo types

Descriptive KPDescriptive KP

Prescriptive KPPrescriptive KP

Videotape as augmented feedbackVideotape as augmented feedback

Movement kinematics as augmented Movement kinematics as augmented feedbackfeedback

Biofeedback as augmented feedbackBiofeedback as augmented feedback

Types ofTypes ofKnowledge of PerformanceKnowledge of Performance

Verbal KPVerbal KP–Two typesTwo types

Descriptive KPDescriptive KP

Prescriptive KPPrescriptive KP

Videotape as augmented feedbackVideotape as augmented feedback

Movement kinematics as augmented Movement kinematics as augmented feedbackfeedback

Biofeedback as augmented feedbackBiofeedback as augmented feedback

Concurrent Augmented Concurrent Augmented FeedbackFeedback

Augmented feedback provided while Augmented feedback provided while a person is performing a skilla person is performing a skill

Effects of concurrent augmented Effects of concurrent augmented feedback on learningfeedback on learning

–Two general types of effectsTwo general types of effectsNegative learning effectNegative learning effect

Enhances skill learning (positive effect)Enhances skill learning (positive effect)

Terminal Augmented FeedbackTerminal Augmented Feedback

Feedback that is provided after a person Feedback that is provided after a person has completed the performance of a skillhas completed the performance of a skillTwo intervals of time associated with Two intervals of time associated with terminal augmented feedbackterminal augmented feedback

–KR delay intervalKR delay interval–Post KR intervalPost KR interval

Both require a minimum length of timeBoth require a minimum length of timeEngaging in activity during these Engaging in activity during these intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no effect upon skill learningeffect upon skill learning

Terminal Augmented FeedbackTerminal Augmented Feedback

Feedback that is provided after a person Feedback that is provided after a person has completed the performance of a skillhas completed the performance of a skillTwo intervals of time associated with Two intervals of time associated with terminal augmented feedbackterminal augmented feedback

–KR delay intervalKR delay interval–Post KR intervalPost KR interval

Both require a minimum length of timeBoth require a minimum length of timeEngaging in activity during these Engaging in activity during these intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no effect upon skill learningeffect upon skill learning

Frequency of Presenting Frequency of Presenting Augmented FeedbackAugmented Feedback

Traditional view =Traditional view = Aug. fb for every trial Aug. fb for every trial (100% frequency) is best for learning(100% frequency) is best for learning

Current view =Current view = Less than 100% Less than 100% frequency is best for learningfrequency is best for learning

Current view based on research that hasinvestigated the following techniques that reduce augmented feedback frequency

Techniques that Reduce Techniques that Reduce Augmented Feedback FrequencyAugmented Feedback Frequency

Performance based bandwidthsPerformance based bandwidths

Performer selected frequencyPerformer selected frequency

Summary and averaged augmented Summary and averaged augmented feedbackfeedback

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Chapter 15 Augmented Feedback Concept: Augmented feedback provides information that can facilitate skill learning