Chapter 14.1 & 14.2 NotesChapter 14.1 & 14.2 Notes (Industry & Railroads (Industry & Railroads)Chapter 14.1 & 14.2 NotesChapter 14.1 & 14.2 Notes (Industry & Railroads (Industry & Railroads)

Black Black GoldGoldCrude oil was nothing new-little use until 1840-used for kerosene lampsCrude oil was nothing new-little use until 1840-used for kerosene lamps

Edwin L. DrakeEdwin L. Drake-used a steam engine to distract oil from ground in -used a steam engine to distract oil from ground in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Black Black GoldGoldCrude oil was nothing new-little use until 1840-used for kerosene lampsCrude oil was nothing new-little use until 1840-used for kerosene lamps

Edwin L. DrakeEdwin L. Drake-used a steam engine to distract oil from ground in -used a steam engine to distract oil from ground in PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

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Bessemer Steel ProcessBessemer Steel ProcessBessemer Steel ProcessBessemer Steel Process

America had abundance of coal & iron (Mesabi Range, Minnesota) America had abundance of coal & iron (Mesabi Range, Minnesota) Iron is a dense metal, but soft, can break, rusts, & contains carbonIron is a dense metal, but soft, can break, rusts, & contains carbon Removing the carbon made the iron lighter, flexible, & rust-Removing the carbon made the iron lighter, flexible, & rust-

resistance-resistance-steelsteel Bessemer processBessemer process -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon & -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon &

other impuritiesother impurities This process was used to produce more than 90% of the nation’s This process was used to produce more than 90% of the nation’s

steel by 1880steel by 1880 Railroads were the largest users of this newRailroads were the largest users of this new steelsteel—barbed wire & —barbed wire &

farm machineryfarm machinery

America had abundance of coal & iron (Mesabi Range, Minnesota) America had abundance of coal & iron (Mesabi Range, Minnesota) Iron is a dense metal, but soft, can break, rusts, & contains carbonIron is a dense metal, but soft, can break, rusts, & contains carbon Removing the carbon made the iron lighter, flexible, & rust-Removing the carbon made the iron lighter, flexible, & rust-

resistance-resistance-steelsteel Bessemer processBessemer process -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon & -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon &

other impuritiesother impurities This process was used to produce more than 90% of the nation’s This process was used to produce more than 90% of the nation’s

steel by 1880steel by 1880 Railroads were the largest users of this newRailroads were the largest users of this new steelsteel—barbed wire & —barbed wire &

farm machineryfarm machinery

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Inventions Promote ChangeInventions Promote ChangeInventions Promote ChangeInventions Promote Change

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison--one of the greatest inventors in the late 1800s Perfected the incandescent light bulblight bulb in 1880 Created the phonograph-a device for recording and replaying

sound Created the kinetoscope-a machine designed to capture motion

pictures

Christopher Sholes invented typewriter Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison--one of the greatest inventors in the late 1800s Perfected the incandescent light bulblight bulb in 1880 Created the phonograph-a device for recording and replaying

sound Created the kinetoscope-a machine designed to capture motion

pictures

Christopher Sholes invented typewriter Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

Age of RailroadsAge of RailroadsAge of RailroadsAge of Railroadsｧ Railroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlersRailroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlersｧｧ Transcontinental railroadTranscontinental railroad--railroad that connected the east & west at railroad that connected the east & west at Promontory, UtahPromontory, Utah

ｧｧ Railroad employed many Railroad employed many Chinese immigrantsChinese immigrants, who were important to railroad , who were important to railroad constructionconstruction

ｧｧ Others dispised Others dispised Chinese immigrants-posed a threat to the limited number of jobsChinese immigrants-posed a threat to the limited number of jobsｧｧ Chinese Exclusion Act Chinese Exclusion Act ((18821882)) stalled immigration of Chinese-barred them from stalled immigration of Chinese-barred them from

citizenshipcitizenship

ｧｧ Spread of RR fostered the growth of towns, cities, & new markets by networkingSpread of RR fostered the growth of towns, cities, & new markets by networkingｧｧ George PullmanGeorge Pullman-built railroad sleepers & other cars/-built railroad sleepers & other cars/built entire town for his built entire town for his

employeesemployeesｧｧ GrangesGranges--farmer organization-complained about RR & high rates that kept them in debtfarmer organization-complained about RR & high rates that kept them in debt

ｧｧ Munn v. IllinoisMunn v. Illinois-Supreme Court case that ruled that states have the right to regulate -Supreme Court case that ruled that states have the right to regulate railroads for benefit of farmers/consumers. Significance: gov’t could regulate railroads for benefit of farmers/consumers. Significance: gov’t could regulate private industry for public interestprivate industry for public interest

ｧｧ Interstate Commerce ActInterstate Commerce Act-established fed gov’t right to supervise RR activities & -established fed gov’t right to supervise RR activities & create a 5 member ICC to regulate prices between state linescreate a 5 member ICC to regulate prices between state lines

ｧ Railroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlersRailroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlersｧｧ Transcontinental railroadTranscontinental railroad--railroad that connected the east & west at railroad that connected the east & west at Promontory, UtahPromontory, Utah

ｧｧ Railroad employed many Railroad employed many Chinese immigrantsChinese immigrants, who were important to railroad , who were important to railroad constructionconstruction

ｧｧ Others dispised Others dispised Chinese immigrants-posed a threat to the limited number of jobsChinese immigrants-posed a threat to the limited number of jobsｧｧ Chinese Exclusion Act Chinese Exclusion Act ((18821882)) stalled immigration of Chinese-barred them from stalled immigration of Chinese-barred them from

citizenshipcitizenship

ｧｧ Spread of RR fostered the growth of towns, cities, & new markets by networkingSpread of RR fostered the growth of towns, cities, & new markets by networkingｧｧ George PullmanGeorge Pullman-built railroad sleepers & other cars/-built railroad sleepers & other cars/built entire town for his built entire town for his

employeesemployeesｧｧ GrangesGranges--farmer organization-complained about RR & high rates that kept them in debtfarmer organization-complained about RR & high rates that kept them in debt

ｧｧ Munn v. IllinoisMunn v. Illinois-Supreme Court case that ruled that states have the right to regulate -Supreme Court case that ruled that states have the right to regulate railroads for benefit of farmers/consumers. Significance: gov’t could regulate railroads for benefit of farmers/consumers. Significance: gov’t could regulate private industry for public interestprivate industry for public interest

ｧｧ Interstate Commerce ActInterstate Commerce Act-established fed gov’t right to supervise RR activities & -established fed gov’t right to supervise RR activities & create a 5 member ICC to regulate prices between state linescreate a 5 member ICC to regulate prices between state lines