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Chapter 1.4, Weathering, & Erosion. Weathering. Weathering is the process of breaking surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil. Weathering can be caused by water, frost, chemicals, and plants. Weathering. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 1.4, Weathering, & Erosion
Weathering
• Weathering is the process of breaking surface rock into boulders, gravel, sand, and soil.
• Weathering can be caused by water, frost, chemicals, and plants.
Weathering
• Water seeps into crack of rocks and then freezes. When water freezes it expands and can split the rock.
• Chemicals can eat away the surface of stones and rocks.
• Tiny seeds can fall into cracks in stones and rocks. As the roots grow and spread, they can break apart rocks.
Weathering
Weathering
Weathering
A close-up view of one of the boulders, showing its weathering pattern
This is a wide view of the boulder field in Ringing Rocks park. It almost appears as if it is a dry river bed, but it's
not.
Erosion
• Erosion is the process of wearing away or moving weathered material.
• Water, wind, and ice are the greatest factors that erode, or wear away surface material.
• Rain and moving water can erode even the hardest of stone over time.
Water Erosion
• Rain fall causes streams and rivers flow faster.
• The faster a river flows, the more soil and sand it picks up and moves.
• The particles in the river water make the water similar to a giant scrub brush that grinds away at the riverbanks and any other surface in its path.
Water Erosion
Water Erosion
Wind Erosion
• Wind Erosion is caused by wind lifting soils and sand.
• When soil is lifted by erosion, the area it came from loses nutrient soil. However, the area that receives the soil often benefits from the added nutrients to the land.
• When sand is eroded, the sand being carried by the wind acts as sandpaper grinding away at the things it comes into contact with.
Wind Erosion
Wind Erosion
Ice Erosion
• Glaciers are giant, slow moving sheets of ice.
• They form in mountains
• Glaciers act as sandpaper as they pick up and carry rocks down the mountainside, grinding smooth everything beneath.
Ice Erosion
Elevation
Height above sea level
Plains
Plains are low-lying stretches of flat or gently rolling land
Plains
Area of level land, usually at a low elevation, and often covered with grasses.
PlateausAn area of flat or rolling land at a high elevation
IsthmusA narrow stretch of land connecting two larger land areas.
Peninsula
Body of land surrounded by water on three sides
IslandBody of land surrounded by water on all sides
Continental Shelf
Continental Shelf
• The plateau off each coast of a continent that lies under the ocean and stretches for several miles .
• At the edge of the shelf, steep cliffs drop down to the ocean floor.
Continental Shelf
Map of the Continental Shelf of the U.S.
Trenches
Deep valleys that line the ocean floor
Trenches
Mariana Trench
Mariana Trench
Mariana Trench
Mount Everest
Strait
Narrow stretch of water joining two larger bodies of water.
Channel
Wide strait or waterway between two landmasses that lie close to each other
DeltaFlat, low-lying land built up from soil carried downstream by a river and deposited at its mouth.