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Chapter 14 The Age of Reform (1820-1860)
Section 1 Social Reform
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
What is the most important way to help improve a society?
A. Education reform
B. Banning alcohol
C. Women’s rights
D. Helping the poor and disabled
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
How did religion influence the social reforms in the United States during the early and mid-1800s?
Religion• Religious camp meetings
(revivals) were common in the early 1800s
• Known as the Second Great Awakening
• This led to a new spirit of reform
• Brought changes to American religion, education, and literature
• Some reformers sought to improve society by forming utopiasutopias (Perfect society)
• Few were able to establish lasting communities (Mormons)
• They were founded on impractical ideas
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
Why did most utopias fail?
A. It was too hard to implement the temperance movement.
B. Many teachers lacked proper training.
C. They did not take the needs of the disabled into consideration.
D. They were founded on impractical ideas.
The Religious Influence• Attending revivals made men
and women eager to reform both their lives and the world
• Among these were people who wanted to ban alcohol
• Lyman Beecher, a Connecticut minister, crusaded against the use of alcohol (temperancetemperance)
• Beecher and other reformers used lectureslectures, pamphlets, and revival style rallies to warn people of the dangers of liquor
• The temperance movementtemperance movement led to some victories when Maine and other states passed laws banning to manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
• Most of these laws were later repealed
Reforming Education• In the mid-1850’s, most
schools were poorly funded
• Teachers lacked training
• Restrictions were placed on who could attend schools (Girls and African Americans)
• Massachusetts lawyer Horace Mann called for educational reforms
• 1839- Massachusetts created the nation’s first state-supported normal schoolnormal school to train teachers
Reforming Education Continued• During the age of reform,
many new colleges and universities were created
• Most accepted only men• Gradually, higher
education became available to groups that had been denied the opportunity
• Oberlin College of Ohio was founded in 1833
• Oberlin admitted both women and African Americans
People With Special Needs• Some reformers focused on the
problem of teaching people with disabilities
• Thomas Gallaudet developed a method to educate people who were hearing impaired
• Samuel Gridley Howe developed books with large raised letters to help the visually impaired
• Schoolteacher Dorothea Dix worked for prison reforms after seeing prisoners chained to walls
• She also found that some people were not guilty of crimes, but were mentally ill
• She made it her life’s work to educate the public about poor conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill
Cultural Trends• Changes in American
society also influenced art and literature
• American artists developed their own style and explored American themes starting in the 1820s
• The spirit of reform influenced the transcendentaliststranscendentalists
• Stressed the relationship between humans and nature and the importance of the individual conscience
• The leading transcendentalists were Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D A B
C
D
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Which of the following was a major subject of transcendentalist literature?
A. Realism
B. The relationship between humans and nature and the importance of the individual conscience
C. Anti-abolitionism
D. The relationship between humans andtechnology and the importance of industrialism
Cultural Trends Continued• Fuller supported women’s rights• Emerson urged people to listen to
the inner voice of conscience and to overcome prejudice
• Thoreau practiced civil civil disobediencedisobedience by refusing to obey laws he considered unjust
• 1846 Thoreau went to jail rather than pay a tax to support the Mexican War
• Many American poets created great works (Henry Wadsworth, Walt Whitman, and Emily Dickinson)
• During this time, women were the authors of the most popular fiction
• Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin which explored the injustice of slavery
How did religion influence the social reforms in the United States during the early and mid-1800s?
-Inspired people to reform their own lives and improve the ills of society
Reformers wanted to restrict alcohol
Better teacher training and school funding
More colleges
More access to education for women, African Americans, and people with special needs
Better conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill
Chapter 14 Section 1 Quiz
Utopias are based on a vision of a perfect society.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
Religious leaders fought for the freedom to drink alcohol.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
In 1839 Massachusetts founded the first state-supported school to train teachers.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
The roles of wife and mother were not roles that most parents wanted for their
daughters.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
During the 1820s American artists developed their own style and explored
American themes.
Tru
e
Fal
se
50%50%A. True
B. False
Who opened Hartford School for the deaf in Connecticut in 1817?
Sam
uel G
ridle
y Howe
Doro
thea
Dix
Thom
as G
alla
udet
Hora
ce M
ann
25% 25%25%25%A. Samuel Gridley Howe
B. Dorothea Dix
C. Thomas Gallaudet
D. Horace Mann
The first college in the United States to admit women and African Americans was
Har
vard
.
Ash
mun
Inst
itute
.
Moun
t Holy
oke.
Ober
lin C
ollege
of Ohio
.
25% 25%25%25%A. Harvard.
B. Ashmun Institute.
C. Mount Holyoke.
D. Oberlin College of Ohio.
Who was the schoolteacher who helped reform attitudes toward the mentally ill?
Doro
thea
Dix
Sam
uel G
ridle
y Howe
Geo
rge
Catlin
Thom
as G
alla
udet
25% 25%25%25%A. Dorothea Dix
B. Samuel Gridley Howe
C. George Catlin
D. Thomas Gallaudet
People who stressed the relationship between humans and nature and the importance of the
individual conscience were called
nat
uralis
ts.
tran
scen
denta
lists
.
refo
rmer
s.
consc
ience
-rais
ers.
25% 25%25%25%A. naturalists.
B. transcendentalists.
C. reformers.
D. conscience-raisers.
What writer wrote about the injustice of slavery?
Nat
hanie
l Haw
thor
ne
Her
man
Mel
ville
Har
riet B
eech
er S
towe
Was
hingto
n Irvi
ng
25% 25%25%25%A. Nathaniel Hawthorne
B. Herman Melville
C. Harriet Beecher Stowe
D. Washington Irving
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