Chapter 14: Sediments Oceanography 2014 Vocabulary Stratigraphy Evaporites Terrigenous Sediments (Lithogenous)
Cosmogenous Sediments Diatomaceous Earth Biogenous Sediments Grain Size Calcareous Ooze Mud Siliceous Ooze Well Sorted Sediment Hydrogenous Sediments Root Words Terra- Hydro- Bio- Cosmo- Sedimentation Sedimentation: the accumulation of sediments
Weathering: process of breaking down rocksto create sediments Erosion: movement of sediments by wind,gravity, or water Sediment Classification
Sediments are classified by grain size and origin Grain Size: from largest (coarse) to smallest (fine) is gravel, sand, silt, andclay Mud = silt + clay Loam = sand + silt + clay Origin: land, organisms, chemicals, volcanoes, and space (see table) Poorly sorted sediment: sample contains a mixture ofsediment sizes. Well sorted sediment: sample contains similar or same sizedparticles. Origin of Sediments Type Origin Composition Location Terrigenous
From land by rivers, glaciers, & wind Quartz and feldspar (sand and mud) Rivers: temperate regions All: continental shelves Biogenous Organisms, Shells,& skeletons Carbon based; calcium-type (calcareous ooze) and silicon-type (siliceous ooze) Tropical continental shelves and deep sea Hydrogenous Chemicals including biochemicals Ferromanganese nodules; phosphorites (organic debris from upwelling) Deep sea deposits; continental shelves Volcanogenic Volcanic eruptions Cosmogenic Particles that fall from space Sediment Classifications
Grain Size Example Clay