Chapter 14Section 5: The War Ends

Warm-Up

• Name all the times war on two fronts was used during WWII– What is the point?– Be complete

The Third Reich Collapses

The Battle of the Bulge• Allies advance towards German border • Hitler’s final attack on allied supplies coming

from Belgium • Germans caught Americans by surprise – German troops race west lines bulged outward

• Battle continued for three weeks• United States wins

The Third Reich Collapses

• Soviets had driven German troops out of Soviet Union and across Poland

• February 1945: Soviet troops were 35 miles away from Berlin

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWNV0r43OhQ 2:11- Downfall

The Third Reich Collapses• April 30, 1945 Hitler

commits suicide • https://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=QLmnTOQ2YpM 3:30– Admiral Karl Doenitz as his

successor – Eisenhower on unconditional

surrender – Germany accepts terms on

May 7, 1945

V-E DAY in America!

• May 8,1945 proclaimed V-E Day

• Victory in Europe

Japan is Defeated

• April 12, 1945 FDR dies of a stroke • Harry S. Truman (FDR’s Vice President)

becomes President – Had to make difficult decisions

• War with Japan continued even though Germany surrendered

Battle of Iwo Jima

• Problems with re-fueling • Pilots needed to land closer to

Japan• America decides to invade Iwo Jima – Volcanoes, rocky cliffs difficult

• 60,000 marines landed on Iwo Jima

Firebombing Japan• Dropped bombs filled with napalm- a kind of

jellied gasoline– Explode and start fires

• Controversial because it would kill civilians • Page 521. • Japan’s six industrial cities had been firebombed – 67 Japanese cities were firebombed

Invasion of Okinawa

• Japan still NOT going to quit • Invade Okinawa to stock pile supplies 350

miles from Japan • Fighting in the mountains adapt to

surroundings • June 1945 Okinawa captured

Terms for Surrender

• Japanese emperor urged his government to find a way to end the way– US unconditional surrender– Japan’s condition: The emperor stays in power

• American officials believed that the emperor was the problem

• New weapon comes into picture the atomic bomb

Manhattan Project • Secret American program to

build an atomic bomb was code named: Manhattan Project

• Secret laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico

• Albert Einstein and Robert J. Oppenheimer

• First detonated in New Mexico

• Truman believed it was his duty to use every weapon we had

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• Allies threatened with prompt and utter destruction – Japan did not reply

• Aug. 6 1945 dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima (industrial city)– Destroyed 63% of the city – 80,000-120,000 people died • Instantly and radiation sickness • Long term effects

Nagasaki Before and After atomic bomb

Nagasaki after the bomb Complete destruction

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• Aug. 9th second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki

• Killed between 35,000-74,000 people • Soviets declare war on Japan • Japanese emperor ordered the government to

surrender • August 15 1945 V-J Day• War is completely over

Building a New World

• 1944 delegates from 39 countries met to discuss the new organization the United Nations (UN)

• Every member in the world would have one vote• Security Council: Britain, France, China, Soviet Union,

and the United States – Notice anything? – Have each a veto power

• Goal: Was responsible for international peace and security

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights P. 524

Nuremberg Trials • Held in Nuremberg,

Germany• 12 were sentenced

to death and 7 held prison sentences – Crimes against

humanity • 25 Japanese leaders

charged with war crimes held in Tokyo

Historical Debate

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials

Do we blame ALL German’s for WWII and the Holocaust? Who takes the blame?