Chapter 14

In theory:No private propertyAll people have social & economic

equalityGovernment administers all businesses

for the good of the peopleAll workers of the world will eventually

unite under communismIn the Soviet Union:

Inefficiency in productionParty leaders have more power and

much better standard of livingMost people have low standard of living

Free market capitalism (mostly)Strong charismatic leadershipStrongly militaristicStrongly nationalisticGenerally strongly religiousEmphasis on “family values” & traditional

gender rolesThe “good of the state” = personal

sacrifice for the greater goodCommunism is evil & must be destroyedSometimes an element of racism

RadicalRadical LiberalLiberal ModerateModerate ConservativeConservative (Reactionary(Reactionary))

Includes Includes CommunisCommunis

m & m & SocialismSocialism

Democratic Democratic PartyParty

Includes Includes most peoplemost people

Republican Republican PartyParty

FascismFascism

Leadership by one dictator or small group

Government control of many aspects of people’s lives

Usually a secret policeVery little personal or political freedom

for the individual

Joseph Stalin“Man of Steel”“Cult of Personality”

Purges of … well, lots of peopleAn estimated 30

million in the 1930sThe Gulag

Pushed for frantic and radical agricultural and industrial growth

“Under the leadership of Great Stalin – Forward to Communism!”

Benito MussoliniFascist Party

(1919)“Blackshirts”Consolidated his

control over the gov and army

Outlawed political parties

Created secret police

Took over the press

Adolf Hitler“cult of personality”Der FührerNational Socialist

German Workers’ Party (Nazi)

Promoted German ethnic solidarityElements of racism

Emphasized need for Lebensraum – “living space”

Ended depression in Germany

Neutrality Act 1939 – “Cash and Carry” provisionAny nation could purchase goods and arms

from U.S. as long as they paid cash and carried on their own ships

Who benefited from this?Allies

Why?British Navy controlled the seas

Lend-Lease Act 1941 – Roosevelt could sell, transfer, exchange, lend, lease any defense article to any government as long as he thought it was necessary in the interest of the defense of the United StatesU.S. sent over $40 billion in lend-lease

aid to Allies by 1945It was considered an Economic

declaration of war against the Axis Powers

Atlantic Charter (August 1941) – Roosevelt and Churchill endorsed national self-determination and international system of general securityIdentified a deepening alliance

between the U.S. and Britain

ALLIED POWERS

Britain FranceSoviet UnionUnited StatesChina

53 other nations

AXIS POWERS

GermanyItalyJapan

20 other nations

Pearl Harbor Attack Video

Pearl Harbor Aftermath Video

“Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. “

“Japan has therefore undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. Japan has therefore undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area. The facts of yesterday and today speak for themselves. The people of the United States have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation.”

“As Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense, that always will our whole nation remember the character of the onslaught against us.”

“Hostilities exist. There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger.”

“With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph. So help us God. “

“I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7th, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.”

-President Franklin D. Roosevelt - December 8, 1941