Chapter 14Curriculum and

Instruction

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Subject-Centered Curricula

• Subject-Area Approach• Perennialist and Essentialist Approaches• Back-to-Basics Approach• Core Approach

– Core curriculum (block scheduling) approach: progressive

– New core curriculum (core subjects) approach: essentialist

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Student-Centered Curricula

• Emphasis on student needs• Activity-centered approaches• Constructivism• Relevant curriculum• Humanistic approach• Alternative or free schools programs• Character education (values-centered

curriculum)

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Key Figures in Curriculum

Subject-centered• William Harris• Robert Hutchins• Mortimer Adler• Ernest Boyer• John Goodlad• Theodore Sizer

Student-centered• Jean Jacques Rousseau• John Dewey• William Kilpatrick• Abraham Maslow• Carl Rogers• Jonathan Kozol• Nel Noddings

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Influences on Curriculum Development

• National policies• State standards, curriculum guides, and state-

wide testing• School district personnel• Teachers, parents, administrators, and students• College admission standards• Textbooks• Calls for censorship

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Key Instructional Approaches

• Individualized Instruction• Cooperative Learning• Mastery Instruction• Critical Thinking• Computerized Instruction• Video and Satellite Systems

– Distance Education

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Emerging Curriculum Trends

• Lifelong Learning• Restoration of Geography• National Curriculum Standards• International Education• Health and Fitness• Technology Education• Immigrant Education