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Chapter 13
Your Body Systems
Lesson 2Your Nervous System
Building Vocabulary
nervous system The body’s message and control center
brainThe command center, or coordinator, of the nervous system
neurons Cells that make up the nervous system
central nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Lesson Home
Building Vocabulary
peripheral nervous system
The nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body
spinal cordA long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body
somatic systemThe part of the nervous system that deals with actions that you control
autonomic systemThe part of the nervous system that deals with actions you do not usually control
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Lesson Home
Parts of the Nervous System
brain The command center, or coordinator, of the nervous system
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Your nervous system carries messages back and forth between your brain and the rest of your body. The nervous system gathers, processes, and responds to information received by the brain.
nervous system The body’s message and control center
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Parts of the Nervous System
neurons Cells that make up the nervous system
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
The nervous system • controls all body processes, such as digestion, breathing, and
blood flow through the body. • processes your physical and emotional feelings and reactions to
stimuli. • receives messages from your five senses—vision, hearing, smell,
taste, and touch. • is made of neurons.
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
The Central Nervous System
peripheral nervous system (PNS) The nerves that connect the central nervous system to all parts of the body
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Your nervous system has two parts—the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
central nervous system (CNS) The brain and the spinal cord
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Parts of the Nervous System
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Lesson Home
The Central Nervous System
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
• The cerebrum controls memory, language, and thoughts. • The cerebellum controls voluntary muscle movement. It also
stores muscle movements you have learned, such as tying your shoes or riding a bike.
• The brain stem controls involuntary muscle movement.
Lesson Home
The Central Nervous System
spinal cord A long bundle of neurons that sends messages to and from the brain and all parts of the body
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Your spinal cord is also part of your central nervous system. The neurons in the spinal cord reach out to other parts of the body. The brain responds to information through the neurons in the spinal cord.
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
The Peripheral Nervous System
autonomic system The part of the nervous system that deals with actions you do not usually control
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
The peripheral nervous system has two parts. The somatic system handles movements you control. The autonomic system handles those movements you do not control.
somatic system The part of the nervous system that deals with actions that you control
Lesson Home
New Vocabulary
New Vocabulary
Problems Affecting the Nervous System
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
One of the most common causes of damage is injury to the head, neck, or back. Since the brain is your control center, an injury can cause memory loss, brain damage, or the loss of some physical abilities.
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Problems Affecting the Nervous System
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Other issues that affect the nervous system include:
Multiple sclerosis, or MS, which damages the outer part of some nerves. Cerebral palsy, which is a disease of the nervous system that either inherited or caused by brain damage.Alzheimer’s disease, which most often affects older adults, harms the brain and causes loss of memory.Parkinson’s disease, which is a brain disorder that causes shaking and stiffness of the arms and legs.
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Problems Affecting the Nervous System
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
Other issues that affect the nervous system include:
Epilepsy, which occurs when signals in the brain do not send messages in the normal way. Viruses, such as polio, rabies, meningitis, encephalitis, and West Nile virus. Alcohol, which can destroy brain cells. Other drugs, which can harm the part of the brain that helps control your heart rate, breathing, and sleeping.
Lesson Home
Caring for Your Nervous System
LESSON 2
Your Nervous SystemBIG IDEA Your nervous system controls and sends messages throughout your body.
• Make healthful food choices, drink plenty of water, and get plenty of sleep.
• Stay physically fit and maintain a healthy weight. • Protect yourself against insects and avoid animals that may carry
disease. • Wash your hands thoroughly and often.• Use safety equipment when you participate in physical activities.• Wear a safety helmet when riding a bike or skating. • Wear a seat belt when riding in a car. • Do not to use alcohol or other drugs.
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