Chapter 13Chapter 13 College Career Counseling:College Career Counseling:

Traditional, Hybrid, and 100% Traditional, Hybrid, and 100% Online CampusesOnline Campuses

Jeffrey C. Cook

Leanne Schamp

Career Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications edited by David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer

Undergraduate College Undergraduate College StudentsStudents

Generations• Placement in history• Common political and social events• Experiences create shared values• Millennial generation

How would you contrast notions of the “traditional” college student today’s undergraduate students?

Student Perspectives Regarding Student Perspectives Regarding Career and Career CounselingCareer and Career Counseling

• Successful overall but small numbers of students per capita

• Stigmatization• Internal and external

Self-awareness Self-awareness

• Reductionist view of self-awareness and career awareness

• Career counselors continue to focus on career awareness and job placement rather than on pursuing avenues into a deeper exploration of self-concept.

Self-awareness Self-awareness

• AssessmentsAssessments• Strong Interest Inventory • Myers-Brigs Type Indicator• Discover• Strength Indicator

• Experiential opportunitiesExperiential opportunities• Internships• Part-time Jobs• Volunteerism

Career Awareness Construct Career Awareness Construct

• Over-focus on career awareness and “landing a job”

• Movement toward quest for self and place• How does career counseling help with self-

concept?

Job Success ConstructJob Success Construct

Traditional College Career Counseling Translating Career Awareness into job success

Preparing for job market Drop-in for help with job success materials Mock interviews—interview protocol and process Career fairs—practice approaching employers Testing and test prep Additional services

Career Decision-MakingCareer Decision-Making

Plethora of decisions Anxiety, confusion, feelings of inadequacy What to do with one’s life?

Toward a life-design perspective

Therapeutic AllianceTherapeutic Alliance

Success in the counseling process rests in the therapeutic alliance between counselor and client.

On what grounds would you agree or disagree with this assertion?

Therapeutic AllianceTherapeutic Alliance

A A therapeutic alliance therapeutic alliance definition:definition:

“the client and counsellor’s subjective experience of working together towards psychotherapeutic goals in the counselling context, including the experience of and interpersonal bond that develops while engaged in this endeavour”

(Duff & Bedi, 2010, p.91).

Needs, Concerns, and Needs, Concerns, and Development of College Development of College

Students Students Issues related to Life-span development and “Emerging adulthood”

Rituals of “becoming” an adult

-Marriage, formal education, children, career

Other rituals of role transitions-Drinking, clubs, organizations, independence from

parents

Needs, Concerns, and Needs, Concerns, and Development of College Development of College

Students Students Increasing maturity and experience in interpersonal relationships

Exploring and establishing identity

Adjustment to academic life

Separation from family

InterventionsInterventions

Lapour’s three questions

Write and/or verbalize a Mission Statement

Systems Theory Framework and multicultural considerations

Three Questions for Three Questions for StudentsStudents

1. Who am I?

2. What is my purpose?

3. How do the answers relate to my career?

Gay and Lesbian StudentsGay and Lesbian Students• Identity development around sexual orientation

• “Coming out” or self-disclosure

• Experience of depression, shame, and possible suicidality

• Possible suspended career maturity

• Biased career information

Collectivist Versus Collectivist Versus Individualist CulturesIndividualist Cultures

Include family in the decision-making process

Honor various decision-making styles

Address the need for communal support

Work to understand culture and subjective experience

Constructivist ApproachConstructivist Approach

Cartesian Mission

Empirical or objective paradigm

Modern life and constructivism

Constructivist ApproachConstructivist Approach

Allows students to construct their identities and careers by making sense of their lives holistically, within a uniquely subjective context, and in a manner that emphasizes their unique multicultural self –all in the context of a relationship with a career counselor.

20th century career development 21st century life design

From a traits and states approach that was

developed by the natural sciences

To context which seeks to understand life

patterns and the lived experience of students

From prescription, or prescribing a career (when

the average person has 9.6 jobs by the age of 36)

To process that helps to develop ways of coping

and surviving for employability

From linear causality that is common in

traditional scientific reasoning

To non-linear dynamics that accompany a more

holistic life design

From scientific facts where individual careers

were shaped by society norms

To narrative realities that support student’s own

significant references for career

From career models that describe a single

variable outcome

To modeling a way of approaching career that

leads to the discovery of personal patterns

Constructivist InterventionsConstructivist Interventions

Life-Design ModelLife-Design Model

The Life LineThe Life Line

Career-Style InterviewCareer-Style Interview

Mixed Methods ApproachMixed Methods Approach

ReferencesReferences

Duff, C.T., & Bedi, R.P.(2010). Counsellor behaviours that predict therapeutic alliance: From the clients’ perspective. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 23(1), 91-110. DOI: 10.1080/09515071003688165

Savickas et al., (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 21st century. Journal of Vocational Behavior. 75, 239-250.