CHAPTER 13

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

CHAPTER 13• DESCRIBES HOW TO CARE FOR

SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS.• IT ALSO DESCRIBES HOW TO TAKE

CARE OF THE TEETH, EYES, AND EARS.

• BELLRINGER-WHAT KIND OF PERSONAL CARE DO YOU DO?

LESSON 1• PROPER CARE OF SKIN, HAIR, AND

NAILS IS IMPORTANT FOR KEEPING THE WHOLE BODY HEALTHY

• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF SUNSCREEN?

LESSON 1HEALTHY

SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS• BIG IDEA-CARE FOR THE

SKIN,HAIR,AND NAILS IS NECESSARY FOR GOOD HEALTH

• THE SKIN PROTECTS THE BODY PATHOGENS,REGULATES BODY TEMPERATURE, AND FEELS SENSATIONS.

YOUR SKIN• SKIN PROTECTS YOU FROM

PATHOGENS, REGULATES YOUR BODY TEMPERATURE, AND HELPS YOU FEEL SENSATIONS.

• SKIN-IS THE LARGEST ORGAN ON THE BODY.

• SKIN CONSISTS OF 2 MAIN LAYERS• EPIDERMIS-IS THE OUTER,THINNER

LAYER OF THE SKIN.

• DERMIS-IS THE THICKER LAYER OF SKIN BENEATH THE EPIDERMIS THAT IS MADE UP OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE AND CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES.

• LIPIDS-CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS THAT MAKES IT WATERPROOF.

• MELANIN-A PIGMENT THAT GIVES THE SKIN,HAIR,AND IRIS OF THEIR EYES THEIR COLOR.

• THE MORE MELANIN YOU HAVE IN YOUR SKIN THE DARKER THE SKIN.

THE SKIN PERFORMS 3 MAIN FUNCTIONS:

1. PROTECTION-PROTECTS YOU FROM PATHOGENS AND INTERNAL DAMAGE. SKIN REPAIRS ITSELF TO KEEP PATHOGENS FROM ENTERING THE BODY.

2.TEMPERATURE CONTROL-AS BODY TEMPERATURE BEGINS TO RISE, THE BLOOD VESSELS IN YOUR SKIN DILATE, ALLOWING HEAT TO ESCAPE THROUGH THE SKIN’S SURFACE. SWEAT GLANDS –COOL THE SKIN.

• 3.SENSATION-SKIN IS A MAJOR SENSE ORGAN.

• STUDY THE SKIN DIAGRAM PAGE 357.

• SEBACEOUS GLANDS-STRUCTURES WITHIN THE SKIN THAT PRODUCE AN OILY SECRETION CALLED SEBUM.

KEEP YOUR SKIN HEALTHY

• 1.WASH WITH MILD SOAP AND WATER

• 2.AVOID TOUCHING YOUR FACE WITH HANDS, BECAUSE YOU HANDS HAVE BACTERIA.

• CHOOSE PERSONAL SKIN CARE PRODUCTS

• WELL BALANCED EATING PLAN

• UV PROTECTION-SUNTAN IS DAMAGED SKIN FROM UV RADIATION

• CAN LEAD TO SKIN CANCER• WEAR SUNSCREEN• WEAR PROTECTIVE CLOTHING• WEAR SUNGLASSES• AVOID TANNING BEDS

• BODY PIERCING AND TATTOOING• PERAMENT• POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS-BREAKS

THE PHYSICAL BARRIER OF THE SKIN

• INFECTIONS LIMIT JOB OPPORTUNITIES RELATIONSHIPS

• HEPATITIS• HIV

• SKIN PROBLEMS• AFFECT SELF IMAGE• COMMON SKIN PROBLEMS1. ACNE-WHEN PORES IN THE SKIN

ARE CLOGGED,BACTERIA CAUSES INFLAMMATION, AND PUS FORMS.

TOUCHING AND PICKING MAY CAUSE SCARRING.

• 2.WARTS-ARE CAUSED BY A VIRUS.• 3.DERMATITIS OR ECZEMA-

INFLAMED OR SCALY PATCH OF SKIN.

• 4.FUNGAL INFECTIONS-RINGWORM AND ATHLETE’S FOOT ARE INFECTIONS THAT SPREAD BY CONTACT WITH SKIN.

• 5.BOILS- THESE FORM WHEN HAIR FOLLICLES –SACS OR CAVITIES THAT SURROUND THE ROOTS OF HAIRS-BECOME INFECTED.

• 6.VITILIGO-CONDITION THAT PATCHES OF SKIN LOSE MELANIN AND HAVE NO PIGMENT.

• 7.MOLES-CERTAIN TYPES MAY CAUSE MELANOMA

• MOST SERIOUS FORM OF SKIN CANCER.

• LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 360.

• SEVERE ACNE SHOULD ALWAYS BE TREATED BY A DERMATOLOGIST.

YOUR HAIR• YOUR HAIR PROTECTS YOUR SKIN

FROM UV RADIATION AND HELPS MAINTAIN BODY HEAT.

• HAIR GROWS ON EVERY SURFACE OF THE SKIN EXCEPT FOR THE PALMS OF YOUR HAND AND THE SOLES OF YOUR FEET.

• HAIR IS COMPOSED OF DEAD CELLS ,LIVING CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS MAKE NEW HAIRS AND CAUSE HAIR GROWTH.

• EYEBROWS AND EYELASHES PROTECTS THE EYES FROM DUST AND OTHER PARTICLES.

• KEEPS HEAT IN.

• REGULAR SHAMPOOING WILL KEEP YOUR HAIR HEALTHY.

• HEATING HAIR ITEMS WILL MAKE YOUR HAIR BRITTLE AND DRY.

• HAIR PROBLEMS• DANDRUFF-THE DEAD SKIN CELLS

THAT ARE SHED AS STICKY WHITE FLAKES WHEN THE SCALP IS TOO DRY.

• HEAD LICE-ARE TINY PARASITIC INSECTS THAT ARE LIVE IN THE SCALP HAIR OF HUMANS. THEY FEED ON THE BLOOD FROM THE SCALP.

• LICE CAN INFECT ANYONE.• USE MEDICATED SHAMPOO CAN

KILL ORGANISMS. MUST CLEAN EVERYTHING!!!

YOUR NAILS• NAILS HELP PROTECT YOUR

FINGERS AND TOES.• NAILS- ARE MADE OF CLOSELY

PACKED DEAD CELLS THAT CONTAIN KERATIN.

• KEEP THEM CLEAN AND EVENLY TRIMMED.

• TRIM TOENAILS STRAIGHT ACROSS TO REDUCE A RISK OF INGROWN NAILS.

LESSON 2 HEALTHY TEETH AND

MOUTH• BIG IDEA-YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH

NEED CARE TO FUNCTION WELL AND KEEP YOU HEALTHY.

• BELLRINGER-WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO HAVE HEALTHY TEETH?

YOUR TEETH • EVERY TOOTH HAS 3 PARTS.• HEALTHY TEETH IMPORTANT FOR

YOUR APPEARANCE.• BREAK DOWN FOOD • SHAPE YOU MOUTH

PARTS OF A TOOTH• PERIODONTIUM-IS THE AREA

IMMEDIATELY AROUND THE TOOTH.

• IT IS MADE UP OF THE GUM,PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS,AND THE JAWBONE.

• SUPPORT THE TOOTH AND HOLD IT IN PLACE.

TOOTH• 3 MAIN PARTS• CROWN,NECK,ROOT• CROWN-IS THE VISIBLE PORTION

OF THE TOOTH.• IT IS PROTECTED WITH ENAMEL, A

HARD SUBSTANCE MADE OF CALCIUM.

• DENTIN- LAYER BENEATH THE ENAMEL, A LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE SHAPE AND HARDNESS OF THE TOOTH.

• PULP-IS THE TISSUE THAT CONTAINS THE BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES OF A TOOTH.

• STUDY THE DIAGRAM ON PAGE 364.

• THE NECK OF THE TOOTH IS BETWEEN THE CROWN AND THE ROOT.

• KEEPING YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH HEALTHY

• YOU CAN MAKE CHOICES THAT HELP KEEP YOUR TEETH AND MOUTH CLEAN AND HEALTHY.

• ORAL HYGIENE-BRUSHING AND FLOSSING YOUR TEETH.

• ACID BREAKS DOWN THE ENAMEL AND TOOTH DECAY OCCURS WHEN THE ENAMEL IS DESTROYED.

• PLAQUE-IS A COMBINATION OF BACTERIA AND OTHER PARTICLES SUCH AS SMALL BITS OF FOOD.

• PLAQUE BUILDS UP AND CAUSE A CAVITY AND IF THE DECAY SPREADS DOWN TO THE PULP THE TOOTH WILL HAVE TO BE REMOVED.

• VISIT A DENTIST REGULARLY AND KEEP YOUR TEETH AND GUMS HEALTHY.

TOOTH AND MOUTH PROBLEMS

• NEGLECTING YOUR TEETH CAN RESULT IN PROBLEMS.

1. HALITOSIS-BAD BREATH2. PERIODONTAL DISEASE-AN

INFLAMMATION OF THE PERIODONTAL STRCTURES-IS CAUSED BY BACTERIAL INFECTION.

• TARTAR-A HARD CRUSTLIKE STRUCTURE.-WHEN PLAQUE HARDENS.

• GINGIVITIS-GUMS ARE IRRITATED AND SWOLLEN.

• 3. MALOCCLUSION-A MISALIGNMENT OF THE UPPER AND LOWER TEETH OR BAD BITE.

• 4. IMPACTED WISDOM TEETH-SOMETIMES CROWD AND PUSH ON THE OTHER TEETH OR BECOME INFECTED.

LESSON 3HEALTHY EYES AND

EARS• BIG IDEA-EYES AND EARS ARE

SENSITIVE ORGANS THAT NEED PROTECTIVE CARE.

• BELLRINGER-WHAT ARE SOME STRUCTURES OF THE EYE?

YOUR EYES• THE EYES AND THEIR SUPPORTING

STRUCTURES ARE COMPLEX PARTS.

• MOST OF THE SENSORY INFORMATION THAT TRAVELS TO YOUR BRAIN COMES FROM LIGHT SIGNALS RECEIVED BY YOUR EYES.

• LACRIMAL GLAND-SECRETES TEARS INTO THE EYE THROUGH DUCTS.

• TEARS ARE MADE OF WATER, SALTS,MUCUS, AND A SUBSTANCE THAT PROTECTS THE EYE FROM INFECTION.

• PARTS OF THE EYE• THE EYE CONSISTS OF THE OPTIC

NERVE AND 3 LAYERS OF THE EYEBALL WALL.

• THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE EYE IS MADE UP OF THE SCLERA AND THE CORNEA.

• SCLERA-THE WHITE PART OF THE EYE-IS COMPOSED OF TOUGH,FIBROUS TISSUE THAT PROTECTS THE INNER LAYERS OF THE EYE AND SUPPORTS AND SHAPES THE EYEBALL.

• CORNEA-IS A TRANSPARENT TISSUE THAT BENDS AND FOCUSES LIGHT BEFORE IT ENTERS THE LENS.

• CHOROID-THE MIDDLE LAYER OD THE EYE.

• IRIS- COLORED PORTION OF THE EYE.

• PUPIL-IS THE HOLE THROUGH WHICH LIGHT REACHES THE INNER EYE.

• THE MUSCLES OF THE IRIS CONTROLS THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL.

• EX. WITH LIGHTS ON AND OFF• RETINA-IS THE INNER LAYER IF THE

EYE WALL.

• CONTAINS MILLIONS OF LIGHT SENSITIVE CELLS.

• RODS-ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE DIM LIGHT.

• CONES-FUNCTION IN BRIGHT LIGHT AND ALLOW US TO SEE COLOR.

• OPTIC NERVE- IS THE NERVE IMPULSES TRAVELS TO THE BRAIN THROUGH THE OPTIC NERVE WHICH IS LOCATED AT THE BACK OF THE EYE.

• LENS-IS LOCATED BEHIND THE IRIS AND THE PUPIL.

• AQUEOUS HUMOR-IS THE ARE BETWEEN THE CORNEA AND THE LENS.

• IT IS A WATERY FLUID WHICH PROVIDES NUTRIENTS TO THE EYE.

• VITREOUS HUMOR-IS LOCATED BETWEEN THE LENS AND RETINA THERE IS A CAVITY FILLED THIS GELATIN LIKE SUBSTANCE.

• HELPS THE EYEBALL STAY FIRM AND THE EYE ITS SHAPE.

VISION• WHEN LIGHT PASSES THROUGH

THE CORNEA,PUPIL,AND LENS TO REACH THE RETINA, AN IMAGE IS FORMED.

• THE BRAIN TRANSLATES THE NERVE IMPULSES INTO IMAGES THAT YOU RECOGNIZE.

• NORMAL VISION IS 20/20• 20 FEET FROM AN EYE CHART AND

READ THE TOP 8 LINES.• 2 COMMON VISION DISORDERS• NEARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE

FAR AWAY• FARSIGHTEDNESS-CAN NOT SEE

CLOSE UP.

• 20/60 VISION IS NEARSIGHTED• STUDY THE CHART ON PAGE 370• EYE PROBLEMS• KEEPING YOUR EYES HEALTHY• MAKING HEALTHY CHOICES WILL

KEEP YOUR EYES HEALTHY.

1. FOLLOW A WELL-BALANCED EATING PLAN

2. PROTECT YOUR EYES

3. REST YOUR EYES REGULARLY

4. GET REGULAR EYE EXAMS

YOUR EARS• THE INNER, MIDDLE, AND OUTER

EAR WORK TOGETHER SO YOU CAN HEAR.

• BELLRINGER• WHAT IS HEARING?

• THE EAR CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN SECTIONS.

• THE OUTER EAR-IS THE VISIBLE PART OF THE EAR., CALLED THE AURICLE.

• AURICLE CHALLENGES SOUND WAVES INTO THE EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL , APASSAGE WAY ABOUT 1 INCH LONG.

• THE CANAL LEADS TO THE REMAINING PORTION OF THE OUTER EAR CALLED THE EARDRUM.

• EARDRUM-IS A THIN MEMBRANE THAT ACTS AS A BARRIER BETWEEN THE OUTER AND MIDDLE EAR.

• THE MIDDLE EAR-DIRECTLY BEHIND THE EARDRUM THERE ARE 3 SMALL BONES LINKED TOGETHER THAT CONNECT THE EARDRUM TO THE INNER EAR. HAMMER, AVIL, STIRRUP(AUDITORY OSSICLES)

• STIRRUP- SMALLEST BONE IN THE BODY.

• MIDDLE EAR CONNECTED TO THE THROAT-SWALLOW \YAWN EQUALIZES PRESSURE ON EACH SIDE OF THE EARDRUM.

• THE INNER EAR-CONSISTS OF NETWORK OF CURVED AND SPIRAL PASSAGES THAT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN PARTS.

• COCHLEA-A SPIRAL SHAPED CANAL, IS THE AREA OF HEARING IN THE INNER EAR.

• VESTIBULE AND THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS ARE WHERE BALANCE IS CONTROLLED.

HEARING AND BALANCE• RECEPTORS-IN YOUR INNER EAR

STIMULATED BY A SOUND WAY.• IMPULSE IS SENT TO THE BRAIN-

AUDITORY NERVE.• THE BRAIN MAKES ADJUSTMENTS

TO MAINTAIN BALANCE.

KEEPING YOUR EARS HEALTHY

• CARING OF YOUR EARS HELPS PREVENT IRRITATION,INJURY,INFECTION, AND DAMAGE TO THE EARS, AS WELL AS HEARING LOSS.

• IF YOU HAVE AN EAR INFECTION SEE A DOCTOR.

• MIDDLE EAR INFECTIONS CAN DAMAGE THE STRUCTURE OF THE EAR.

• PROTECT EARS IN COLD WEATHER• KEEP FOREIGN

OBJECTS,INCLUDING COTTON-TIPPED SWABS, OUT OF THE EAR CANAL.

PREVENTING HEARING LOSS

• EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISES CAN LEAD TO TEMPORARY AND SOMETIMES PERMANENT HEARING LOSS,OR DEAFNESS, OVER TIME.

• CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS-SOUND WAVES ARE NOT PASSED FROM THE OUTER EAR TO THE INNER EAR. EX. MIDDLE-EAR INFECTIONS.

• SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS-BIRTH DEFECT,EXPOSURE TO NOISE,GROWING OLDER,AND MEDICATION PROBLEMS.

• TINNITUS-A CONDITION IN WHICH A RINGING,BUZZING,WHISTLING,ROARING,HISSING, OR OTHER SOUND IS HEARD IN THE EAR.