CHAPTER 13CHAPTER 13

SECTION 2SECTION 2

1

GHANAGHANA

2

RULER & SUBJECTRULER & SUBJECTdrums called citizens to meetings with kingsdrums called citizens to meetings with kingssettled argumentssettled argumentsmanaged trademanaged tradeprotected empireprotected empireexpected complete obedience in returnexpected complete obedience in returnmerchants received favors from kingsmerchants received favors from kingskings received taxes from merchantskings received taxes from merchantslocal rulers kept some powerlocal rulers kept some powerkings received their loyaltykings received their loyaltykingdoms grow richerkingdoms grow richerextended control over larger areaextended control over larger areasystem kept peacesystem kept peace

3

GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENTcouncil of ministerscouncil of ministers– group of close advisorsgroup of close advisors

provincesprovinces– kingdom divided to control empirekingdom divided to control empire

district chiefsdistrict chiefs– oversaw smaller districts oversaw smaller districts

clanclan– group of families related by blood or group of families related by blood or

marriagemarriage– descended from same ancestordescended from same ancestor 4

insisted local rulers send sons to royal insisted local rulers send sons to royal courtcourt

kings controlled tradekings controlled trade

gold nuggets – only king ownedgold nuggets – only king owned

people only traded with gold dustpeople only traded with gold dust

kingdom inherited by sister’s sonkingdom inherited by sister’s son

GOVERNMENT CONTINUEDGOVERNMENT CONTINUED

5

MALI GOVERNMENTMALI GOVERNMENT

larger scalelarger scale– more territorymore territory– more peoplemore people– more trademore traderoyal officialsroyal officials– supervised Niger River fishingsupervised Niger River fishing– looked after forestslooked after forests– oversaw farmingoversaw farming– managed moneymanaged money

6

SUNDIATA KEITASUNDIATA KEITA

– founderfounder

– divided empire into provincesdivided empire into provinces

– put generals put in chargeput generals put in charge

–acceptedaccepted

–protected people from invadersprotected people from invaders

–often came from provinces they often came from provinces they ruledruled

7

MANSA MUSAMANSA MUSA

– kept citizens loyalkept citizens loyal

rewarded with gold, land, & horsesrewarded with gold, land, & horses

– ““National Honor of the Trousers”National Honor of the Trousers”

granted to military heroesgranted to military heroes

– MuslimMuslim

– made Mali a great center of made Mali a great center of education, commerce, & the artseducation, commerce, & the arts

8

MANSA MUSA’S PILGRIMAGEMANSA MUSA’S PILGRIMAGE

brought with him…brought with him…– 8,000 enslaved people8,000 enslaved people– 100 camels carrying baggage100 camels carrying baggage– 24,000 pounds of gold24,000 pounds of gold– each person carried a staff of goldeach person carried a staff of gold

spent so much gold in Cairo that price of gold spent so much gold in Cairo that price of gold dropped & did not recover for more than 12 yearsdropped & did not recover for more than 12 yearsannounced Mali’s riches & achievements to worldannounced Mali’s riches & achievements to worldbrought attention to his kingdombrought attention to his kingdomput Mali on mapput Mali on mapmany European nations & African kingdoms wished many European nations & African kingdoms wished to establish trade with Malito establish trade with Mali

9

SONGHAISONGHAI

Empire built on traditions of Empire built on traditions of

Ghana and Mali.Ghana and Mali.

10

SUNNI ALISUNNI ALI

founderfounderdivided empire into provincesdivided empire into provincesnever finishednever finishedcontinually moved, fighting battlescontinually moved, fighting battlesoriginally practiced traditional religionoriginally practiced traditional religiondeclared himself Muslim to keep support of declared himself Muslim to keep support of townspeopletownspeoplemysterious deathmysterious deathson refused to follow father’s exampleson refused to follow father’s example

11

MUHAMMAD TUREMUHAMMAD TURE

Sunni Ali’s general (Songhai)Sunni Ali’s general (Songhai)seized control of governmentseized control of governmentloyal Muslimloyal Muslimhad support of Muslim townspeople had support of Muslim townspeople declared himself kingdeclared himself kingreligious ideas affected governmentreligious ideas affected governmentdrove Ali’s family from Songhaidrove Ali’s family from Songhaitook name “Askia” rank in armytook name “Askia” rank in army

12

ASKIA MUHAMMADASKIA MUHAMMAD

built largest empire in medieval West Africabuilt largest empire in medieval West Africa

kept local courts in place – told to honor Muslim kept local courts in place – told to honor Muslim lawslaws

made Timbuktu center of Islamic culturemade Timbuktu center of Islamic culture

set up 150 schools to teach Quranset up 150 schools to teach Quran

Muslim schools introduced Arabic language to Muslim schools introduced Arabic language to AfricaAfrica

empire survived family disputesempire survived family disputes

Moroccan invasion ended empire (guns)Moroccan invasion ended empire (guns)13

OLAUDAH EQUIANOOLAUDAH EQUIANO

member of Igbomember of Igbo

wrote …wrote …– Africans did have a religionAfricans did have a religion– believed one creator of all thingsbelieved one creator of all things– supreme godsupreme god– determined death & captivitydetermined death & captivity

14

IBN BATTUTAIBN BATTUTA

young Arab lawyer from Morocco young Arab lawyer from Morocco

traveled throughout lands of Islam for traveled throughout lands of Islam for almost 30 yearsalmost 30 years

surprised by what he saw on his travelssurprised by what he saw on his travels

visited Mogadishu & met sultanvisited Mogadishu & met sultan

sultan – a military or political leadersultan – a military or political leader

not all Muslim women in Africa wore veilsnot all Muslim women in Africa wore veils

wrote about his observationswrote about his observations

15

SWAHILISWAHILI

““people of the coast”people of the coast”

language & culture of East Africalanguage & culture of East Africa

African influence from interior AfricaAfrican influence from interior Africa

Muslim influence from Arab & Persian Muslim influence from Arab & Persian settlerssettlers

halted inland trade when Portuguese tried halted inland trade when Portuguese tried to destroy Swahili cultureto destroy Swahili culture

16

ISLAM’S IMPACT ON AFRICAISLAM’S IMPACT ON AFRICA

people adopted Islamic laws & ideas people adopted Islamic laws & ideas about what is right & wrongabout what is right & wrong

Islam advanced learningIslam advanced learning

Arabic language was introducedArabic language was introduced

African art & buildingsAfrican art & buildings

architects built beautiful mosques & architects built beautiful mosques & palaces palaces

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