Chapter 12 Social Psychology - mrsichakpchs.weebly.com · chapter 12 social psychology figure 12.1 4o>vslk ->oqfk t>p pelq ql ab>qe >q qeb e>kap lc 'blodb :fjjboj>k > slirkqbbo kbfde?loella

Chapter 12

Social Psychology

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12.1 What Is Social Psychology?

Learning Objectives

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Table 12.1 Characteristics of Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures

Individualistic Culture Collectivistic Culture

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12.2 Self-presentation

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CONNECT THE CONCEPTSCONNECT THE CONCEPTS

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LINK TO LEARNING



http://openstaxcollege.org/l/Stanford_psych

12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion

Learning Objectives

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Figure 12.14 7B�BK@LRKQBO�>QQBJMQP�>Q�MBOPR>PFLK�>QQBJMQP�BSBOVTEBOB��0BOPR>PFLK�FP�KLQ�IFJFQBA�QL�CLOJ>I>ASBOQFPFKD��TB�>OB�@LKCOLKQBA�TFQE�FQ�QEOLRDELRQ�LRO�BSBOVA>V�TLOIA��@OBAFQ��2L?BOQ�#LRPB ">HBO

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Elaboration Likelihood Model!K BPMB@F>IIV MLMRI>O JLABI QE>Q ABP@OF?BP QEB AVK>JF@P LC MBOPR>PFLK FP QEB BI>?LO>QFLK IFHBIFELLAJLABI LC MBOPR>PFLK 0BQQV � #>@FLMML �� 4EB BI>?LO>QFLK IFHBIFELLA JLABI @LKPFABOP QEB S>OF>?IBPLC QEB >QQFQRAB @E>KDB >MMOL>@EoQE>Q FP CB>QROBP LC QEB PLRO@B LC QEB MBOPR>PFSB JBPP>DB @LKQBKQP LCQEB JBPP>DB >KA @E>O>@QBOFPQF@P LC QEB >RAFBK@B >OB RPBA QL ABQBOJFKB TEBK >QQFQRAB @E>KDB TFII L@@RO�!@@LOAFKD QL QEB BI>?LO>QFLK IFHBIFELLA JLABI LC MBOPR>PFLK QEBOB >OB QTL J>FK OLRQBP QE>Q MI>V > OLIB FKABIFSBOFKD�>�MBOPR>PFSB�JBPP>DB��@BKQO>I�>KA�MBOFMEBO>I�Figure 12.15�

Figure 12.15 0BOPR>PFLK�@>K�Q>HB�LKB�LC�QTL�M>QEP��>KA�QEB�ARO>?FIFQV�LC�QEB�BKA�OBPRIQ�ABMBKAP�LK�QEB�M>QE�

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12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience

Learning Objectives

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k ELIAFKD PQBOBLQVMBP LO KBD>QFSB >QQFQRABP QLT>OA QEB LRQ�DOLRM LO LQEBOPs TFQE AFCCBOFKD SFBTMLFKQP*>KFP ��

'FSBK QEB @>RPBP >KA PVJMQLJP LC DOLRMQEFKH ELT @>K FQ ?B >SLFABA� 4EBOB >OB PBSBO>I PQO>QBDFBP QE>Q @>KFJMOLSB DOLRM AB@FPFLK J>HFKD FK@IRAFKD PBBHFKD LRQPFAB LMFKFLKP SLQFKD FK MOFS>QB E>SFKD QEB IB>ABOTFQEELIA MLPFQFLK PQ>QBJBKQP RKQFI >II DOLRM JBJ?BOP E>SB SLF@BA QEBFO SFBTP @LKAR@QFKD OBPB>O@E LK >IISFBTMLFKQP TBFDEFKD QEB @LPQP >KA ?BKBCFQP LC >II LMQFLKP >KA ABSBILMFKD > @LKQFKDBK@V MI>K *>KFP ��-FQ@EBII��%@HPQBFK ��

DIG DEEPER



GROUP POLARIZATION!KLQEBO MEBKLJBKLK QE>Q L@@ROP TFQEFK DOLRM PBQQFKDP FP DOLRM MLI>OFW>QFLK� Group polarization 4BDBO� 0ORFQQ �� FP QEB PQOBKDQEBKFKD LC >K LOFDFK>I DOLRM >QQFQRAB >CQBO QEB AFP@RPPFLK LC SFBTP TFQEFK >DOLRM� 4E>Q FP FC > DOLRM FKFQF>IIV C>SLOP > SFBTMLFKQ >CQBO AFP@RPPFLK QEB DOLRM @LKPBKPRP FP IFHBIV >PQOLKDBO BKALOPBJBKQ LC QEB SFBTMLFKQ� #LKSBOPBIV FC QEB DOLRM T>P FKFQF>IIV LMMLPBA QL > SFBTMLFKQ DOLRM AFP@RPPFLK TLRIA IFHBIV IB>A QL PQOLKDBO LMMLPFQFLK� 'OLRM MLI>OFW>QFLK BUMI>FKP J>KV >@QFLKPQ>HBK ?V DOLRMP QE>Q TLRIA KLQ ?B RKABOQ>HBK ?V FKAFSFAR>IP� 'OLRM MLI>OFW>QFLK @>K ?B L?PBOSBA >QMLIFQF@>I @LKSBKQFLKP TEBK MI>QCLOJP LC QEB M>OQV >OB PRMMLOQBA ?V FKAFSFAR>IP TEL TEBK KLQ FK >DOLRM TLRIA AB@IFKB QL PRMMLOQ QEBJ� ! JLOB BSBOVA>V BU>JMIB FP > DOLRMsP AFP@RPPFLK LC ELT >QQO>@QFSBPLJBLKB FP� $LBP VLRO LMFKFLK @E>KDB FC VLR CFKA PLJBLKB >QQO>@QFSB ?RQ VLRO COFBKAP AL KLQ >DOBB� )CVLRO�COFBKAP�SL@FCBOLRPIV�>DOBB �JFDEQ�VLR�QEBK�CFKA�QEFP�MBOPLK�BSBK�JLOB�>QQO>@QFSB�

Social Facilitation.LQ >II FKQBODOLRM FKQBO>@QFLKP IB>A QL QEB KBD>QFSB LRQ@LJBP TB E>SB ABP@OF?BA� 3LJBQFJBP ?BFKD FK >DOLRM PFQR>QFLK @>K FJMOLSB MBOCLOJ>K@B� Social facilitation L@@ROP TEBK >K FKAFSFAR>I MBOCLOJP ?BQQBOTEBK >K >RAFBK@B FP T>Q@EFKD QE>K TEBK QEB FKAFSFAR>I MBOCLOJP QEB ?BE>SFLO >ILKB� 4EFP QVMF@>IIVL@@ROP TEBK MBLMIB >OB MBOCLOJFKD > Q>PH CLO TEF@E QEBV >OB PHFIIBA� #>K VLR QEFKH LC >K BU>JMIB FKTEF@E E>SFKD >K >RAFBK@B @LRIA FJMOLSB MBOCLOJ>K@B� /KB @LJJLK BU>JMIB FP PMLOQP� 3HFIIBA ?>PHBQ?>IIMI>VBOP TFII ?B JLOB IFHBIV QL J>HB > COBB QEOLT ?>PHBQ TEBK PROOLRKABA ?V > @EBBOFKD >RAFBK@B QE>KTEBK MI>VFKD >ILKB FK QEB DVJ Figure 12.21� (LTBSBO QEBOB >OB FKPQ>K@BP TEBK BSBK PHFIIBA >QEIBQBP@>K E>SB AFCCF@RIQV RKABO MOBPPROB� &LO BU>JMIB FC >K >QEIBQB FP IBPP PHFIIBA LO KBOSLRP >?LRQ J>HFKD >COBB QEOLT E>SFKD >K >RAFBK@B J>V >@QR>IIV EFKABO O>QEBO QE>K EBIM� )K PRJ PL@F>I C>@FIFQ>QFLK FP IFHBIV QLL@@RO CLO B>PV Q>PHP LO Q>PHP >Q TEF@E TB >OB PHFIIBA ?RQ TLOPB MBOCLOJ>K@B J>V L@@RO TEBK MBOCLOJFKDFK�COLKQ�LC�LQEBOP �ABMBKAFKD�LK�QEB�Q>PH�

Figure 12.21 4EB�>QQBKQFLK�LC�QEB�@OLTA�@>K�JLQFS>QB�>�PHFIIBA�>QEIBQB��@OBAFQ��4LJJV�'FIIFD>K�53-!

Social Loafing!KLQEBO T>V FK TEF@E > DOLRM MOBPBK@B @>K >CCB@Q LRO MBOCLOJ>K@B FP PL@F>I IL>CFKD� Social loafing FPQEB BUBOQFLK LC IBPP BCCLOQ ?V > MBOPLK TLOHFKD QLDBQEBO TFQE > DOLRM� 3L@F>I IL>CFKD L@@ROP TEBK LROFKAFSFAR>I MBOCLOJ>K@B @>KKLQ ?B BS>IR>QBA PBM>O>QBIV COLJ QEB DOLRM� 4ERP DOLRM MBOCLOJ>K@B AB@IFKBPLK B>PV Q>PHP +>O>R � 7FIIF>JP �� %PPBKQF>IIV FKAFSFAR>I DOLRM JBJ?BOP IL>C >KA IBQ LQEBO DOLRMJBJ?BOP MF@H RM QEB PI>@H� "B@>RPB B>@E FKAFSFAR>IsP BCCLOQP @>KKLQ ?B BS>IR>QBA FKAFSFAR>IP ?B@LJB IBPPJLQFS>QBA QL MBOCLOJ TBII� &LO BU>JMIB @LKPFABO > DOLRM LC MBLMIB @LLMBO>QFKD QL @IB>K IFQQBO COLJ QEB


OL>APFAB� 3LJB MBLMIB TFII BUBOQ > DOB>Q >JLRKQ LC BCCLOQ TEFIB LQEBOP TFII BUBOQ IFQQIB BCCLOQ� 9BQ QEB BKQFOBGL?�DBQP�ALKB �>KA�FQ�J>V�KLQ�?B�L?SFLRP�TEL�TLOHBA�E>OA�>KA�TEL�AFAKsQ�

!P > @LIIBDB PQRABKQ VLR J>V E>SB BUMBOFBK@BA PL@F>I IL>CFKD TEFIB TLOHFKD LK > DOLRM MOLGB@Q� (>SBVLR BSBO E>A QL @LKQOF?RQB JLOB QE>K VLRO C>FO PE>OB ?B@>RPB VLRO CBIILT DOLRM JBJ?BOP TBOBKsQ MRQQFKDFK QEB TLOH� 4EFP J>V E>MMBK TEBK > MOLCBPPLO >PPFDKP > DOLRM DO>AB FKPQB>A LC FKAFSFAR>I DO>ABP� )CQEB MOLCBPPLO ALBPKsQ HKLT ELT JR@E BCCLOQ B>@E PQRABKQ @LKQOF?RQBA QL > MOLGB@Q PLJB PQRABKQP J>V ?BFK@IFKBA QL IBQ JLOB @LKP@FBKQFLRP PQRABKQP AL JLOB LC QEB TLOH� 4EB @E>K@B LC PL@F>I IL>CFKD FK PQRABKQTLOH�DOLRMP�FK@OB>PBP�>P�QEB�PFWB�LC�QEB�DOLRM�FK@OB>PBP�3EBMMBOA��4>VILO ��

)KQBOBPQFKDIV QEB LMMLPFQB LC PL@F>I IL>CFKD L@@ROP TEBK QEB Q>PH FP @LJMIBU >KA AFCCF@RIQ "LKA � 4FQRP �� 'BBK �� 2BJBJ?BO QEB MOBSFLRP AFP@RPPFLK LC @ELHFKD RKABO MOBPPROB� 4EFP E>MMBKP TEBK VLRMBOCLOJ > AFCCF@RIQ Q>PH >KA VLRO FKAFSFAR>I MBOCLOJ>K@B @>K ?B BS>IR>QBA� )K > DOLRM PBQQFKD PR@E >P QEBPQRABKQ TLOH DOLRM FC VLRO FKAFSFAR>I MBOCLOJ>K@B @>KKLQ ?B BS>IR>QBA QEBOB FP IBPP MOBPPROB CLO VLR QLAL TBII >KA QERP IBPP >KUFBQV LO MEVPFLILDF@>I >OLRP>I ,>Q>Kb 7FIIF>JP � (>OHBKP �� 4EFP MRQP VLRFK > OBI>UBA PQ>QB FK TEF@E VLR @>K MBOCLOJ VLRO ?BPQ FC VLR @ELLPB :>GLK@ �� )C QEB Q>PH FP > AFCCF@RIQLKB J>KV MBLMIB CBBI JLQFS>QBA >KA ?BIFBSB QE>Q QEBFO DOLRM KBBAP QEBFO FKMRQ QL AL TBII LK > @E>IIBKDFKDMOLGB@Q *>@HPLK � 7FIIF>JP �� 'FSBK TE>Q VLR IB>OKBA >?LRQ PL@F>I IL>CFKD TE>Q >ASF@B TLRIA VLRDFSB > KBT MOLCBPPLO >?LRQ ELT QL ABPFDK DOLRM MOLGB@QP� )C VLR PRDDBPQBA QE>Q FKAFSFAR>IPs BCCLOQP PELRIAKLQ ?B BS>IR>QBA QL MOBSBKQ QEB >KUFBQV LC @ELHFKD RKABO MOBPPROB ?RQ QE>Q QEB Q>PH JRPQ ?B @E>IIBKDFKD VLR E>SB > DLLA RKABOPQ>KAFKD LC QEB @LK@BMQP AFP@RPPBA FK QEFP PB@QFLK� !IQBOK>QFSBIV VLR @>K PRDDBPQQE>Q FKAFSFAR>IPs BCCLOQP PELRIA ?B BS>IR>QBA ?RQ QEB Q>PH PELRIA ?B B>PV PL >P QL C>@FIFQ>QB MBOCLOJ>K@B�'LLA�IR@H�QOVFKD�QL�@LKSFK@B�VLRO�MOLCBPPLO�QL�LKIV�>PPFDK�B>PV�MOLGB@QP�

Table 12.2 PRJJ>OFWBP�QEB�QVMBP�LC�PL@F>I�FKCIRBK@B�VLR�E>SB�IB>OKBA�>?LRQ�FK�QEFP�@E>MQBO�

Table 12.2 Types of Social Influence

Type of Social Influence Description

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#LJMIF>K@B 'LFKD�>ILKD�TFQE�>�OBNRBPQ�LO�ABJ>KA

.LOJ>QFSB�PL@F>I�FKCIRBK@B #LKCLOJFQV�QL�>�DOLRM�KLOJ�QL�CFQ�FK �CBBI�DLLA �>KA�?B�>@@BMQBA?V�QEB�DOLRM

)KCLOJ>QFLK>I�PL@F>I�FKCIRBK@B #LKCLOJFQV�QL�>�DOLRM�KLOJ�MOLJMQBA�?V�QEB�?BIFBC�QE>Q�QEBDOLRM�FP�@LJMBQBKQ�>KA�E>P�QEB�@LOOB@Q�FKCLOJ>QFLK

/?BAFBK@B #E>KDFKD�VLRO�?BE>SFLO�QL�MIB>PB�>K�>RQELOFQV�CFDROB�LO�QL>SLFA�>SBOPFSB�@LKPBNRBK@BP

'OLRMQEFKH 'OLRM�JBJ?BOP�JLAFCV�QEBFO�LMFKFLKP�QL�J>Q@E�TE>Q�QEBV?BIFBSB�FP�QEB�DOLRM�@LKPBKPRP

'OLRM�MLI>OFW>QFLK 3QOBKDQEBKFKD�LC�QEB�LOFDFK>I�DOLRM�>QQFQRAB�>CQBO�AFP@RPPFKDSFBTP�TFQEFK�>�DOLRM

3L@F>I�C>@FIFQ>QFLK )JMOLSBA�MBOCLOJ>K@B�TEBK�>K�>RAFBK@B�FP�T>Q@EFKD�SBOPRPTEBK�QEB�FKAFSFAR>I�MBOCLOJP�QEB�?BE>SFLO�>ILKB



Table 12.2 Types of Social Influence

Type of Social Influence Description

3L@F>I�IL>CFKD %UBOQFLK�LC�IBPP�BCCLOQ�?V�>�MBOPLK�TLOHFKD�FK�>�DOLRM�?B@>RPBFKAFSFAR>I�MBOCLOJ>K@B�@>KKLQ�?B�BS>IR>QBA�PBM>O>QBIV�COLJ�QEBDOLRM �QERP�@>RPFKD�MBOCLOJ>K@B�AB@IFKB�LK�B>PV�Q>PHP

12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination

Learning Objectives

"V�QEB�BKA�LC�QEFP�PB@QFLK �VLR�TFII�?B�>?IB�QL�k $BCFKB�>KA�AFPQFKDRFPE�>JLKD�MOBGRAF@B �PQBOBLQVMBP �>KA�AFP@OFJFK>QFLKk 0OLSFAB�BU>JMIBP�LC�MOBGRAF@B �PQBOBLQVMBP �>KA�AFP@OFJFK>QFLKk %UMI>FK�TEV�MOBGRAF@B�>KA�AFP@OFJFK>QFLK�BUFPQ

(RJ>K @LKCIF@Q @>K OBPRIQ FK @OFJB T>O >KA J>PP JROABO PR@E >P DBKL@FAB� 0OBGRAF@B >KA AFP@OFJFK>QFLKLCQBK >OB OLLQ @>RPBP LC ERJ>K @LKCIF@Q TEF@E BUMI>FKP ELT PQO>KDBOP @LJB QL E>QB LKB >KLQEBO QL QEBBUQOBJB LC @>RPFKD LQEBOP E>OJ� 0OBGRAF@B >KA AFP@OFJFK>QFLK >CCB@Q BSBOVLKB� )K QEFP PB@QFLK TB TFIIBU>JFKB QEB ABCFKFQFLKP LC MOBGRAF@B >KA AFP@OFJFK>QFLK BU>JMIBP LC QEBPB @LK@BMQP >KA @>RPBP LC QEBPB?F>PBP�

Figure 12.22 0OBGRAF@B�>KA�AFP@OFJFK>QFLK�L@@RO�>@OLPP�QEB�DIL?B��>�!��PFDK�FK�'BOJ>K L@@RMFBA�0LI>KAT>OKP�i.L�%KQO>K@B�CLO�0LIBP�j��?�!K�!COF@>K !JBOF@>K�J>IB�AOFKHP�COLJ�>�ABPFDK>QBA�i@LILOBAj�T>QBO�CLRKQ>FK�FK/HI>ELJ>�FK��AROFKD�QEB�BO>�LC�O>@F>I�PBDOBD>QFLK�>P�>�MO>@QF@B�LC�AFP@OFJFK>QFLK��@�!�JBJ?BO�LC�QEB�7BPQ?LOL">MQFPQ�#ERO@E��TFABIV�FABKQFCFBA�>P�>�E>QB�DOLRM��BKD>DBP�FK�AFP@OFJFK>QFLK�?>PBA�LK�OBIFDFLK�>KA�PBUR>I�LOFBKQ>QFLK��@OBAFQ�?��JLAFCF@>QFLK�LC�TLOH�?V�5KFQBA�3Q>QBP�&>OJ�3B@ROFQV�!AJFKFPQO>QFLK��@OBAFQ�@��JLAFCF@>QFLK�LC�TLOH�?Vi*#7FIJLOBj�7FHFJBAF>�#LJJLKP

UNDERSTANDING PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION!P TB AFP@RPPBA FK QEB LMBKFKD PQLOV LC 4O>VSLK ->OQFK ERJ>KP >OB SBOV AFSBOPB >KA >IQELRDE TB PE>OBJ>KV PFJFI>OFQFBP TB >IPL E>SB J>KV AFCCBOBK@BP� 4EB PL@F>I DOLRMP TB ?BILKD QL EBIM CLOJ LRO FABKQFQFBP4>GCBI �� 4EBPB AFCCBOBK@BP J>V ?B AFCCF@RIQ CLO PLJB MBLMIB QL OB@LK@FIB TEF@E J>V IB>A QL MOBGRAF@BQLT>OA MBLMIB TEL >OB AFCCBOBKQ� Prejudice FP > KBD>QFSB >QQFQRAB >KA CBBIFKD QLT>OA >K FKAFSFAR>I ?>PBAPLIBIV LK LKBsP JBJ?BOPEFM FK > M>OQF@RI>O PL@F>I DOLRM !IIMLOQ �� "OLTK �� 0OBGRAF@B FP @LJJLK>D>FKPQ MBLMIB TEL >OB JBJ?BOP LC >K RKC>JFIF>O @RIQRO>I DOLRM� 4ERP @BOQ>FK QVMBP LC BAR@>QFLK @LKQ>@Q FKQBO>@QFLKP >KA ?RFIAFKD OBI>QFLKPEFMP TFQE JBJ?BOP LC AFCCBOBKQ @RIQRO>I DOLRMP @>K OBAR@B QEB QBKABK@VQLT>OA MOBGRAF@B� )K C>@Q PFJMIV FJ>DFKFKD FKQBO>@QFKD TFQE JBJ?BOP LC AFCCBOBKQ @RIQRO>I DOLRMP JFDEQ>CCB@Q MOBGRAF@B� )KABBA TEBK BUMBOFJBKQ>I M>OQF@FM>KQP TBOB >PHBA QL FJ>DFKB QEBJPBISBP MLPFQFSBIVFKQBO>@QFKD TFQE PLJBLKB COLJ > AFCCBOBKQ DOLRM QEFP IBA QL >K FK@OB>PBA MLPFQFSB >QQFQRAB QLT>OA QEB LQEBODOLRM >KA >K FK@OB>PB FK MLPFQFSB QO>FQP >PPL@F>QBA TFQE QEB LQEBO DOLRM� &ROQEBOJLOB FJ>DFKBA PL@F>I


FKQBO>@QFLK @>K OBAR@B >KUFBQV >PPL@F>QBA TFQE FKQBO�DOLRM FKQBO>@QFLKP #OFPM � 4ROKBO �� 7E>Q >OBPLJB BU>JMIBP LC PL@F>I DOLRMP QE>Q VLR ?BILKD QL QE>Q @LKQOF?RQB QL VLRO FABKQFQV� 3L@F>I DOLRMP @>KFK@IRAB DBKABO O>@B BQEKF@FQV K>QFLK>IFQV PL@F>I @I>PP OBIFDFLK PBUR>I LOFBKQ>QFLK MOLCBPPFLK >KA J>KVJLOB� !KA >P FP QORB CLO PL@F>I OLIBP VLR @>K PFJRIQ>KBLRPIV ?B > JBJ?BO LC JLOB QE>K LKB PL@F>I DOLRM�!K BU>JMIB LC MOBGRAF@B FP E>SFKD > KBD>QFSB >QQFQRAB QLT>OA MBLMIB TEL >OB KLQ ?LOK FK QEB 5KFQBA 3Q>QBP�!IQELRDE MBLMIB ELIAFKD QEFP MOBGRAF@BA >QQFQRAB AL KLQ HKLT >II MBLMIB TEL TBOB KLQ ?LOK FK QEB 5KFQBA3Q>QBP �QEBV�AFPIFHB�QEBJ�ARB�QL�QEBFO�PQ>QRP�>P�CLOBFDKBOP�

#>K VLR QEFKH LC > MOBGRAF@BA >QQFQRAB VLR E>SB EBIA QLT>OA > DOLRM LC MBLMIB� (LT AFA VLRO MOBGRAF@BABSBILM� 0OBGRAF@B LCQBK ?BDFKP FK QEB CLOJ LC > stereotypeoQE>Q FP > KBD>QFSB ?BIFBC >?LRQ FKAFSFAR>IP?>PBA PLIBIV LK QEBFO JBJ?BOPEFM FK > DOLRM OBD>OAIBPP LC QEBFO FKAFSFAR>I @E>O>@QBOFPQF@P� 3QBOBLQVMBP?B@LJB LSBODBKBO>IFWBA >KA >MMIFBA QL >II JBJ?BOP LC > DOLRM� &LO BU>JMIB PLJBLKB ELIAFKD MOBGRAF@BA>QQFQRABP QLT>OA LIABO >ARIQP J>V ?BIFBSB QE>Q LIABO >ARIQP >OB PILT >KA FK@LJMBQBKQ #RAAV .LOQLK �&FPHB �� .BIPLK �� 7B @>KKLQ MLPPF?IV HKLT B>@E FKAFSFAR>I MBOPLK LC >AS>K@BA >DB QL HKLT QE>Q>II LIABO >ARIQP >OB PILT >KA FK@LJMBQBKQ� 4EBOBCLOB QEFP KBD>QFSB ?BIFBC FP LSBODBKBO>IFWBA QL >II JBJ?BOPLC�QEB�DOLRM �BSBK�QELRDE�J>KV�LC�QEB�FKAFSFAR>I�DOLRM�JBJ?BOP�J>V�FK�C>@Q�?B�PMOV�>KA�FKQBIIFDBKQ�

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3LJBQFJBP MBLMIB TFII >@Q LK QEBFO MOBGRAF@BA >QQFQRABP QLT>OA > DOLRM LC MBLMIB >KA QEFP ?BE>SFLO FPHKLTK >P AFP@OFJFK>QFLK� Discrimination FP KBD>QFSB >@QFLK QLT>OA >K FKAFSFAR>I >P > OBPRIQ LC LKBsPJBJ?BOPEFM FK > M>OQF@RI>O DOLRM !IIMLOQ �� $LSFAFL � '>BOQKBO �� !P > OBPRIQ LC ELIAFKDKBD>QFSB ?BIFBCP PQBOBLQVMBP >KA KBD>QFSB >QQFQRABP MOBGRAF@B >?LRQ > M>OQF@RI>O DOLRM MBLMIB LCQBKQOB>Q QEB Q>ODBQ LC MOBGRAF@B MLLOIV PR@E >P BU@IRAFKD LIABO >ARIQP COLJ QEBFO @FO@IB LC COFBKAP� Table 12.3PRJJ>OFWBP QEB @E>O>@QBOFPQF@P LC PQBOBLQVMBP MOBGRAF@B >KA AFP@OFJFK>QFLK� (>SB VLR BSBO ?BBK QEB Q>ODBQLC�AFP@OFJFK>QFLK��)C�PL �ELT�AFA�QEFP�KBD>QFSB�QOB>QJBKQ�J>HB�VLR�CBBI�

Table 12.3 Connecting Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Item Function Connection Example

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LINK TO LEARNING


http://openstaxcollege.org/l/racismexp

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12.6 Aggression

Learning Objectives

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LINK TO LEARNING


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0BLMIB >OB JLQFS>QBA QL J>UFJFWB QEB ?BKBCFQP LC PL@F>I BU@E>KDBP LO OBI>QFLKPEFMP >KA JFKFJFWB QEB@LPQP� 0BLMIB MOBCBO QL E>SB JLOB ?BKBCFQP QE>K @LPQP LO QL E>SB KB>OIV BNR>I @LPQP >KA ?BKBCFQP ?RQ JLPQMBLMIB >OB AFPP>QFPCFBA FC QEBFO PL@F>I BU@E>KDBP @OB>QB JLOB @LPQP QE>K ?BKBCFQP� ,BQsP AFP@RPP >K BU>JMIB�)C VLR E>SB BSBO AB@FABA QL @LJJFQ QL > OLJ>KQF@ OBI>QFLKPEFM VLR MOL?>?IV @LKPFABOBA QEB >AS>KQ>DBP>KA AFP>AS>KQ>DBP LC VLRO AB@FPFLK� 7E>Q >OB QEB ?BKBCFQP LC ?BFKD FK > @LJJFQQBA OLJ>KQF@ OBI>QFLKPEFM�9LR J>V E>SB @LKPFABOBA E>SFKD @LJM>KFLKPEFM FKQFJ>@V >KA M>PPFLK ?RQ >IPL ?BFKD @LJCLOQ>?IB TFQE> MBOPLK VLR HKLT TBII� 7E>Q >OB QEB @LPQP LC ?BFKD FK > @LJJFQQBA OLJ>KQF@ OBI>QFLKPEFM� 9LR J>VQEFKH QE>Q LSBO QFJB ?LOBALJ COLJ ?BFKD TFQE LKIV LKB MBOPLK J>V PBQ FK� JLOBLSBO FQ J>V ?B BUMBKPFSBQL PE>OB >@QFSFQFBP PR@E >P >QQBKAFKD JLSFBP >KA DLFKD QL AFKKBO� (LTBSBO QEB ?BKBCFQP LC A>QFKD VLROOLJ>KQF@�M>OQKBO�MOBPRJ>?IV�LRQTBFDE�QEB�@LPQP �LO�VLR�TLRIAKsQ�@LKQFKRB�QEB�OBI>QFLKPEFM�



actor-observer bias

ageism

aggression

altruism

Asch effect

attitude

attribution

bullying

bystander effect

central route persuasion

cognitive dissonance

collectivist culture

companionate love

confederate

confirmation bias

conformity

consummate love

cyberbullying

diffusion of responsibility

discrimination

dispositionism

empathy

Key Terms

MEBKLJBKLK�LC�BUMI>FKFKD�LQEBO�MBLMIBsP�?BE>SFLOP�>OB�ARB�QL�FKQBOK>I�C>@QLOP�>KALRO�LTK�?BE>SFLOP�>OB�ARB�QL�PFQR>QFLK>I�CLO@BP

MOBGRAF@B�>KA�AFP@OFJFK>QFLK�QLT>OA�FKAFSFAR>IP�?>PBA�PLIBIV�LK�QEBFO�>DB

PBBHFKD�QL�@>RPB�E>OJ�LO�M>FK�QL�>KLQEBO�MBOPLK

ERJ>KPs�ABPFOB�QL�EBIM�LQEBOP�BSBK�FC�QEB�@LPQP�LRQTBFDE�QEB�?BKBCFQP�LC�EBIMFKD

DOLRM�J>GLOFQV�FKCIRBK@BP�>K�FKAFSFAR>IsP�GRADJBKQ �BSBK�TEBK�QE>Q�GRADJBKQ�FP�FK>@@RO>QB

BS>IR>QFLKP�LC�LO�CBBIFKDP�QLT>OA�>�MBOPLK �FAB> �LO�L?GB@Q�QE>Q�>OB�QVMF@>IIV�MLPFQFSB�LO�KBD>QFSB

BUMI>K>QFLK�CLO�QEB�?BE>SFLO�LC�LQEBO�MBLMIB

>�MBOPLK �LCQBK�>K�>ALIBP@BKQ �?BFKD�QOB>QBA�KBD>QFSBIV�OBMB>QBAIV�>KA�LSBO�QFJB

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ILDF@�AOFSBK�>ODRJBKQP�RPFKD�A>Q>�>KA�C>@QP�QL�@LKSFK@B�MBLMIB�LC�>K>ODRJBKQsP�TLOQEFKBPP

MPV@ELILDF@>I�AFP@LJCLOQ�QE>Q�>OFPBP�COLJ�>�@LKCIF@Q�FK�>�MBOPLKsP�?BE>SFLOP >QQFQRABP �LO�?BIFBCP�QE>Q�ORKP�@LRKQBO�QL�LKBsP�MLPFQFSB�PBIC�MBO@BMQFLK

@RIQROB�QE>Q�CL@RPBP�LK�@LJJRK>I�OBI>QFLKPEFMP�TFQE�LQEBOP�PR@E�>P�C>JFIV �COFBKAP >KA�@LJJRKFQV

QVMB�LC�ILSB�@LKPFPQFKD�LC�FKQFJ>@V�>KA�@LJJFQJBKQ �?RQ�KLQ�M>PPFLK��>PPL@F>QBA�TFQE@ILPB�COFBKAPEFMP�>KA�C>JFIV�OBI>QFLKPEFMP

MBOPLK�TEL�TLOHP�CLO�>�OBPB>O@EBO�>KA�FP�>T>OB�LC�QEB�BUMBOFJBKQ �?RQ�TEL�>@QP�>P�>M>OQF@FM>KQ��RPBA�QL�J>KFMRI>QB�PL@F>I�PFQR>QFLKP�>P�M>OQ�LC�QEB�OBPB>O@E�ABPFDK

PBBHFKD�LRQ�FKCLOJ>QFLK�QE>Q�PRMMLOQP�LRO�PQBOBLQVMBP�TEFIB�FDKLOFKD�FKCLOJ>QFLK�QE>QFP�FK@LKPFPQBKQ�TFQE�LRO�PQBOBLQVMBP

TEBK�FKAFSFAR>IP�@E>KDB�QEBFO�?BE>SFLO�QL�DL�>ILKD�TFQE�QEB�DOLRM�BSBK�FC�QEBV�AL�KLQ�>DOBBTFQE�QEB�DOLRM

QVMB�LC�ILSB�L@@ROOFKD�TEBK�FKQFJ>@V �M>PPFLK �>KA�@LJJFQJBKQ�>OB�>II�MOBPBKQ

OBMB>QBA�?BE>SFLO�QE>Q�FP�FKQBKABA�QL�@>RPB�MPV@ELILDF@>I�LO�BJLQFLK>I�E>OJ�QL�>KLQEBOMBOPLK�>KA�QE>Q�Q>HBP�MI>@B�LKIFKB

QBKABK@V�CLO�KL�LKB�FK�>�DOLRM�QL�EBIM�?B@>RPB�QEB�OBPMLKPF?FIFQV�QL�EBIM�FPPMOB>A�QEOLRDELRQ�QEB�DOLRM

KBD>QFSB�>@QFLKP�QLT>OA�FKAFSFAR>IP�>P�>�OBPRIQ�LC�QEBFO�JBJ?BOPEFM�FK�>�M>OQF@RI>O�DOLRM

ABP@OF?BP�>�MBOPMB@QFSB�@LJJLK�QL�MBOPLK>IFQV�MPV@ELILDFPQP �TEF@E�>PPBOQP�QE>Q�LRO?BE>SFLO�FP�ABQBOJFKBA�?V�FKQBOK>I�C>@QLOP �PR@E�>P�MBOPLK>IFQV�QO>FQP�>KA�QBJMBO>JBKQ

@>M>@FQV�QL�RKABOPQ>KA�>KLQEBO�MBOPLKsP�MBOPMB@QFSBoQL�CBBI�TE>Q�EB�LO�PEB�CBBIP


foot-in-the-door technique

fundamental attribution error

group polarization

groupthink

homophily

homophobia

hostile aggression

in-group

in-group bias

individualistic culture

informational social influence

instrumental aggression

internal factor

just-world hypothesis

normative social influence

obedience

out-group

peripheral route persuasion

persuasion

prejudice

prosocial behavior

racism

reciprocity

romantic love

scapegoating

MBOPR>PFLK�LC�LKB�MBOPLK�?V�>KLQEBO�MBOPLK �BK@LRO>DFKD�>�MBOPLK�QL�>DOBBQL�>�PJ>II�C>SLO �LO�QL�?RV�>�PJ>II�FQBJ �LKIV�QL�I>QBO�OBNRBPQ�>�I>ODBO�C>SLO�LO�MRO@E>PB�LC�>�I>ODBO�FQBJ

QBKABK@V�QL�LSBOBJME>PFWB�FKQBOK>I�C>@QLOP�>P�>QQOF?RQFLKP�CLO�?BE>SFLO>KA�RKABOBPQFJ>QB�QEB�MLTBO�LC�QEB�PFQR>QFLK

PQOBKDQEBKFKD�LC�QEB�LOFDFK>I�DOLRM�>QQFQRAB�>CQBO�AFP@RPPFKD�SFBTP�TFQEFK�QEB�DOLRM

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QBKABK@V�CLO�MBLMIB�QL�CLOJ�PL@F>I�KBQTLOHP �FK@IRAFKD�COFBKAPEFMP �J>OOF>DB �?RPFKBPPOBI>QFLKPEFMP �>KA�J>KV�LQEBO�QVMBP�LC�OBI>QFLKPEFMP �TFQE�LQEBOP�TEL�>OB�PFJFI>O

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>DDOBPPFLK�JLQFS>QBA�?V�>@EFBSFKD�>�DL>I�>KA�ALBP�KLQ�KB@BPP>OFIV�FKSLISBFKQBKQ�QL�@>RPB�M>FK

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script

self-disclosure

self-fulfilling prophecy

self-serving bias

sexism

situationism

social exchange theory

social facilitation

social loafing

social norm

social psychology

social role

stanford prison experiment

stereotype

triangular theory of love

MBOPLKsP�HKLTIBADB�>?LRQ�QEB�PBNRBK@B�LC�BSBKQP�FK�>�PMB@FCF@�PBQQFKD

PE>OFKD�MBOPLK>I�FKCLOJ>QFLK�FK�OBI>QFLKPEFMP

QOB>QFKD�PQBOBLQVMBA�DOLRM�JBJ?BOP�>@@LOAFKD�QL�LRO�?F>PBA�BUMB@Q>QFLKP�LKIVQL�E>SB�QEFP�QOB>QJBKQ�FKCIRBK@B�QEB�FKAFSFAR>I�QL�>@Q�>@@LOAFKD�QL�LRO�PQBOBLQVMF@�BUMB@Q>QFLKP �QERP@LKCFOJFKD�LRO�PQBOBLQVMF@�?BIFBCP

QBKABK@V�CLO�FKAFSFAR>IP�QL�Q>HB�@OBAFQ�?V�J>HFKD�AFPMLPFQFLK>I�LO�FKQBOK>I�>QQOF?RQFLKPCLO�MLPFQFSB�LRQ@LJBP�>KA�PFQR>QFLK>I�LO�BUQBOK>I�>QQOF?RQFLKP�CLO�KBD>QFSB�LRQ@LJBP

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ERJ>KP�>@Q�>P�K>fSB�B@LKLJFPQP�FK�HBBMFKD�>�Q>IIV�LC�QEB�O>QFL�LC�@LPQP�>KA?BKBCFQP�LC�CLOJFKD�>KA�J>FKQ>FK�>�OBI>QFLKPEFM �TFQE�QEB�DL>I�QL�J>UFJFWB�?BKBCFQP�>KA�JFKFJFWB�@LPQP

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Summary

12.1 What Is Social Psychology?3L@F>I MPV@ELILDV FP QEB PR?CFBIA LC MPV@ELILDV QE>Q PQRAFBP QEB MLTBO LC QEB PFQR>QFLK QL FKCIRBK@BFKAFSFAR>IPs QELRDEQP CBBIFKDP >KA ?BE>SFLOP� 0PV@ELILDFPQP @>QBDLOFWB QEB @>RPBP LC ERJ>K ?BE>SFLO >PQELPB ARB QL FKQBOK>I C>@QLOP PR@E >P MBOPLK>IFQV LO QELPB ARB QL BUQBOK>I C>@QLOP PR@E >P @RIQRO>I >KALQEBO PL@F>I FKCIRBK@BP� "BE>SFLO FP ?BQQBO BUMI>FKBA ELTBSBO ?V RPFKD ?LQE >MMOL>@EBP� ,>V MBLMIB QBKAQL LSBO�OBIV LK AFPMLPFQFLK>I BUMI>K>QFLKP CLO ?BE>SFLO >KA FDKLOB QEB MLTBO LC PFQR>QFLK>I FKCIRBK@BP >MBOPMB@QFSB @>IIBA QEB CRKA>JBKQ>I >QQOF?RQFLK BOOLO� 0BLMIB COLJ FKAFSFAR>IFPQF@ @RIQROBP >OB JLOB IFHBIVQL AFPMI>V QEFP ?F>P SBOPRP MBLMIB COLJ @LIIB@QFSFPQF@ @RIQROBP� /RO BUMI>K>QFLKP CLO LRO LTK >KA LQEBOP?BE>SFLOP @>K ?B ?F>PBA ARB QL KLQ E>SFKD BKLRDE FKCLOJ>QFLK >?LRQ LQEBOPs JLQFS>QFLKP CLO ?BE>SFLOP>KA�?V�MOLSFAFKD�BUMI>K>QFLKP�QE>Q�?LIPQBO�LRO�PBIC�BPQBBJ�


12.2 Self-presentation(RJ>K ?BE>SFLO FP I>ODBIV FKCIRBK@BA ?V LRO PL@F>I OLIBP KLOJP >KA P@OFMQP� )K LOABO QL HKLT ELT QL>@Q FK > DFSBK PFQR>QFLK TB E>SB PE>OBA @RIQRO>I HKLTIBADB LC ELT QL ?BE>SB ABMBKAFKD LK LRO OLIB FKPL@FBQV� 3L@F>I KLOJP AF@Q>QB QEB ?BE>SFLO QE>Q FP >MMOLMOF>QB LO FK>MMOLMOF>QB CLO B>@E OLIB� %>@E PL@F>I OLIBE>P P@OFMQP QE>Q EBIM ERJ>KP IB>OK QEB PBNRBK@B LC >MMOLMOF>QB ?BE>SFLOP FK > DFSBK PBQQFKD� 4EB C>JLRP3Q>KCLOA MOFPLK BUMBOFJBKQ FP >K BU>JMIB LC ELT QEB MLTBO LC QEB PFQR>QFLK @>K AF@Q>QB QEB PL@F>I OLIBP KLOJP �>KA�P@OFMQP�TB�CLIILT�FK�>�DFSBK�PFQR>QFLK �BSBK�FC�QEFP�?BE>SFLO�FP�@LKQO>OV�QL�LRO�QVMF@>I�?BE>SFLO�

12.3 Attitudes and Persuasion!QQFQRABP >OB LRO BS>IR>QFLKP LO CBBIFKDP QLT>OA > MBOPLK FAB> LO L?GB@Q >KA QVMF@>IIV >OB MLPFQFSBLO KBD>QFSB� /RO >QQFQRABP >KA ?BIFBCP >OB FKCIRBK@BA KLQ LKIV ?V BUQBOK>I CLO@BP ?RQ >IPL ?V FKQBOK>IFKCIRBK@BP QE>Q TB @LKQOLI� !K FKQBOK>I CLOJ LC >QQFQRAB @E>KDB FP @LDKFQFSB AFPPLK>K@B LO QEB QBKPFLKTB BUMBOFBK@B TEBK LRO QELRDEQP CBBIFKDP >KA ?BE>SFLOP >OB FK @LKCIF@Q� )K LOABO QL OBAR@B AFPPLK>K@B FKAFSFAR>IP @>K @E>KDB QEBFO ?BE>SFLO >QQFQRABP LO @LDKFQFLKP LO >AA > KBT @LDKFQFLK� %UQBOK>I CLO@BP LCMBOPR>PFLK FK@IRAB >ASBOQFPFKD� QEB CB>QROBP LC >ASBOQFPFKD QE>Q FKCIRBK@B LRO ?BE>SFLOP FK@IRAB QEB PLRO@B JBPP>DB >KA >RAFBK@B� 4EBOB >OB QTL MOFJ>OV OLRQBP QL MBOPR>PFLK� 4EB @BKQO>I OLRQB QL MBOPR>PFLK RPBPC>@QP >KA FKCLOJ>QFLK QL MBOPR>AB MLQBKQF>I @LKPRJBOP� 4EB MBOFMEBO>I OLRQB RPBP MLPFQFSB >PPL@F>QFLK TFQE@RBP�PR@E�>P�?B>RQV �C>JB �>KA�MLPFQFSB�BJLQFLKP�

12.4 Conformity, Compliance, and Obedience4EB MLTBO LC QEB PFQR>QFLK @>K IB>A MBLMIB QL @LKCLOJ LO DL >ILKD TFQE QEB DOLRM BSBK FK QEB C>@B LCFK>@@RO>QB FKCLOJ>QFLK� #LKCLOJFQV QL DOLRM KLOJP FP AOFSBK ?V QTL JLQFS>QFLKP QEB ABPFOB QL CFQ FK >KA?B IFHBA >KA QEB ABPFOB QL ?B >@@RO>QB >KA D>FK FKCLOJ>QFLK COLJ QEB DOLRM� !RQELOFQV CFDROBP >IPL E>SBFKCIRBK@B LSBO LRO ?BE>SFLOP >KA J>KV MBLMIB ?B@LJB L?BAFBKQ >KA CLIILT LOABOP BSBK FC QEB LOABOP>OB @LKQO>OV QL QEBFO MBOPLK>I S>IRBP� #LKCLOJFQV QL DOLRM MOBPPROBP @>K >IPL OBPRIQ FK DOLRMQEFKH LOQEB C>RIQV AB@FPFLK�J>HFKD MOL@BPP QE>Q OBPRIQP COLJ @LEBPFSB DOLRM JBJ?BOP QOVFKD QL J>FKQ>FK DOLRME>OJLKV� 'OLRM PFQR>QFLKP @>K FJMOLSB ERJ>K ?BE>SFLO QEOLRDE C>@FIFQ>QFKD MBOCLOJ>K@B LK B>PV Q>PHP ?RQ FKEF?FQFKD MBOCLOJ>K@B LK AFCCF@RIQ Q>PHP� 4EB MOBPBK@B LC LQEBOP @>K >IPL IB>A QL PL@F>I IL>CFKD TEBKFKAFSFAR>I�BCCLOQP�@>KKLQ�?B�BS>IR>QBA�

12.5 Prejudice and Discrimination!P AFSBOPB FKAFSFAR>IP ERJ>KP @>K BUMBOFBK@B @LKCIF@Q TEBK FKQBO>@QFKD TFQE MBLMIB TEL >OB AFCCBOBKQCOLJ B>@E LQEBO� 0OBGRAF@B LO KBD>QFSB CBBIFKDP >KA BS>IR>QFLKP FP @LJJLK TEBK MBLMIB >OB COLJ >AFCCBOBKQ PL@F>I DOLRM F�B� LRQ�DOLRM� .BD>QFSB >QQFQRABP QLT>OA LRQ�DOLRMP @>K IB>A QL AFP@OFJFK>QFLK�0OBGRAF@B >KA AFP@OFJFK>QFLK >D>FKPQ LQEBOP @>K ?B ?>PBA LK DBKABO O>@B BQEKF@FQV PL@F>I @I>PP PBUR>ILOFBKQ>QFLK LO > S>OFBQV LC LQEBO PL@F>I FABKQFQFBP� )K�DOLRMsP TEL CBBI QEOB>QBKBA J>V ?I>JB QEB LRQ�DOLRMPCLO�QEBFO�MIFDEQ �QERP�RPFKD�QEB�LRQ�DOLRM�>P�>�P@>MBDL>Q�CLO�QEBFO�CORPQO>QFLK�

12.6 Aggression!DDOBPPFLK FP PBBHFKD QL @>RPB >KLQEBO MBOPLK E>OJ LO M>FK� (LPQFIB >DDOBPPFLK FP JLQFS>QBA ?V CBBIFKDPLC >KDBO TFQE FKQBKQ QL @>RPB M>FK >KA FKPQORJBKQ>I >DDOBPPFLK FP JLQFS>QBA ?V >@EFBSFKD > DL>I >KAALBP KLQ KB@BPP>OFIV FKSLISB FKQBKQ QL @>RPB M>FK "RIIVFKD FP >K FKQBOK>QFLK>I MR?IF@ EB>IQE @LK@BOK QE>QI>ODBIV >CCB@QP QEB >ALIBP@BKQ MLMRI>QFLK� "RIIVFKD FP OBMB>QBA ?BE>SFLOP QE>Q >OB FKQBKABA QL FKCIF@Q E>OJLK QEB SF@QFJ >KA @>K Q>HB QEB CLOJ LC MEVPF@>I MPV@ELILDF@>I BJLQFLK>I LO PL@F>I >?RPB� "RIIVFKDE>P KBD>QFSB JBKQ>I EB>IQE @LKPBNRBK@BP CLO VLRQE FK@IRAFKD PRF@FAB� #V?BO?RIIVFKD FP > KBTBO CLOJ LC?RIIVFKD QE>Q Q>HBP MI>@B FK >K LKIFKB BKSFOLKJBKQ TEBOB ?RIIFBP @>K OBJ>FK >KLKVJLRP >KA SF@QFJP >OBEBIMIBPP QL >AAOBPP QEB E>O>PPJBKQ� $BPMFQB QEB PL@F>I KLOJ LC EBIMFKD LQEBOP FK KBBA TEBK QEBOB >OB J>KV?VPQ>KABOP TFQKBPPFKD >K BJBODBK@V AFCCRPFLK LC OBPMLKPF?FIFQV TFII IB>A QL > ILTBO IFHBIFELLA LC >KV LKBMBOPLK�EBIMFKD�

12.7 Prosocial Behavior!IQORFPJ FP > MROB CLOJ LC EBIMFKD LQEBOP LRQ LC BJM>QEV TEF@E @>K ?B @LKQO>PQBA TFQE BDLFPQF@JLQFS>QFLKP CLO EBIMFKD� &LOJFKD OBI>QFLKPEFMP TFQE LQEBOP FP > KB@BPPFQV CLO PL@F>I ?BFKDP� 7B QVMF@>IIV



CLOJ OBI>QFLKPEFMP TFQE MBLMIB TEL >OB @ILPB QL RP FK MOLUFJFQV >KA MBLMIB TFQE TELJ TB PE>OBPFJFI>OFQFBP� 7B BUMB@Q OB@FMOL@FQV >KA PBIC�AFP@ILPROB FK LRO OBI>QFLKPEFMP� 7B >IPL T>KQ QL CLOJOBI>QFLKPEFMP TFQE MBLMIB TEL >OB MEVPF@>IIV >QQO>@QFSB QELRDE PQ>KA>OAP CLO >QQO>@QFSBKBPP S>OV ?V@RIQROB >KA DBKABO� 4EBOB >OB J>KV QVMBP LC ILSB QE>Q >OB ABQBOJFKBA ?V S>OFLRP @LJ?FK>QFLKP LC FKQFJ>@V M>PPFLK >KA @LJJFQJBKQ� @LKPRJJ>QB ILSB TEF@E FP QEB FAB>I CLOJ LC ILSB @LKQ>FKP >II QEOBB@LJMLKBKQP� 7EBK ABQBOJFKFKD P>QFPC>@QFLK >KA TEBQEBO QL J>FKQ>FK > OBI>QFLKPEFM FKAFSFAR>IP LCQBK RPB>�PL@F>I�BU@E>KDB�>MMOL>@E�>KA�TBFDE�QEB�@LPQP�>KA�?BKBCFQP�LC�CLOJFKD�>KA�J>FKQ>FKFKD�>�OBI>QFLKPEFM�

Review Questions

1. !P�>�CFBIA �PL@F>I�MPV@ELILDV�CL@RPBP�LK========�FK�MOBAF@QFKD�ERJ>K�?BE>SFLO�

>� MBOPLK>IFQV�QO>FQP?� DBKBQF@�MOBAFPMLPFQFLKP@� ?FLILDF@>I�CLO@BPA� PFQR>QFLK>I�C>@QLOP

2. ->HFKD�FKQBOK>I�>QQOF?RQFLKP�CLO�VLRO�PR@@BPPBP>KA�J>HFKD�BUQBOK>I�>QQOF?RQFLKP�CLO�VLRO�C>FIROBPFP�>K�BU>JMIB�LC�========�

>� >@QLO�L?PBOSBO�?F>P?� CRKA>JBKQ>I�>QQOF?RQFLK�BOOLO@� PBIC�PBOSFKD�?F>PA� GRPQ�TLOIA�EVMLQEBPFP

3. #LIIB@QFSFPQF@�@RIQROBP�>OB�QL�========�>PFKAFSFAR>IFPQF@�@RIQROBP�>OB�QL�========�

>� AFPMLPFQFLK>I��PFQR>QFLK>I?� PFQR>QFLK>I��AFPMLPFQFLK>I@� >RQLKLJV��DOLRM�E>OJLKVA� GRPQ�TLOIA�EVMLQEBPFP��PBIC�PBOSFKD�?F>P

4. !@@LOAFKD�QL�QEB�>@QLO�L?PBOSBO�?F>P �TB�E>SBJLOB�FKCLOJ>QFLK�>?LRQ�========�

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5. !K�========�FP�>�PBQ�LC�DOLRM�BUMB@Q>QFLKP�CLO>MMOLMOF>QB�QELRDEQP�>KA�?BE>SFLOP�LC�FQPJBJ?BOP�

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10. #LDKFQFSB�AFPPLK>K@B�@>RPBP�AFP@LJCLOQ?B@>RPB�FQ�AFPORMQP�LRO�PBKPB�LC�========�

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11. )K�LOABO�CLO�QEB�@BKQO>I�OLRQB�QL�MBOPR>PFLK�QL?B�BCCB@QFSB �QEB�>RAFBK@B�JRPQ�?B�========�>KA========�

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12. %U>JMIBP�LC�@RBP�RPBA�FK�MBOFMEBO>I�OLRQBMBOPR>PFLK�FK@IRAB�>II�LC�QEB�CLIILTFKD except========�

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13. )K�QEB�!P@E�BUMBOFJBKQ �M>OQF@FM>KQP@LKCLOJBA�ARB�QL�========�PL@F>I�FKCIRBK@B�

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14. 5KABO�TE>Q�@LKAFQFLKP�TFII�FKCLOJ>QFLK>IPL@F>I�FKCIRBK@B�?B�JLOB�IFHBIV�

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15. 3L@F>I�IL>CFKD�L@@ROP�TEBK�========�>� FKAFSFAR>I�MBOCLOJ>K@B�@>KKLQ�?B

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20. 7EBK�TB�PBBH�LRQ�FKCLOJ>QFLK�QE>Q�PRMMLOQPLRO�PQBOBLQVMBP�TB�>OB�BKD>DBA�FK�========�

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21. 4VMF@>IIV �?RIIVFKD�COLJ�?LVP�FP�QL�========>P�?RIIVFKD�COLJ�DFOIP�FP�QL�========�

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22. 7EF@E�LC�QEB�CLIILTFKD�>ALIBP@BKQP�FP�IB>PQIFHBIV�QL�?B�Q>ODBQBA�CLO�?RIIVFKD�

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23. 4EB�?VPQ>KABO�BCCB@Q�IFHBIV�L@@ROP�ARB�QL========�

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24. !IQORFPJ�FP�>�CLOJ�LC�MOLPL@F>I�?BE>SFLO�QE>QFP�JLQFS>QBA�?V�========�

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25. !CQBO�JLSFKD�QL�>�KBT�>M>OQJBKQ�?RFIAFKD OBPB>O@E�PRDDBPQP�QE>Q�3>J�TFII�?B�JLPQ�IFHBIV�QL?B@LJB�COFBKAP�TFQE�========�

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26. 7E>Q�QO>FQ�AL�?LQE�JBK�>KA�TLJBK�QBKA�QLILLH�CLO�FK�>�OLJ>KQF@�M>OQKBO�

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28. !@@LOAFKD�QL�PL@F>I�BU@E>KDB�QEBLOV �ERJ>KPT>KQ�QL�J>UFJFWB�QEB�========�>KA�JFKFJFWB�QEB========�FK�OBI>QFLKPEFMP�

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Critical Thinking Questions

29. #LJM>OB >KA @LKQO>PQ PFQR>QFLK>I FKCIRBK@BP >KA AFPMLPFQFLK>I FKCIRBK@BP >KA DFSB >K BU>JMIB LC B>@E�%UMI>FK�ELT�PFQR>QFLK>I�FKCIRBK@BP�>KA�AFPMLPFQFLK>I�FKCIRBK@BP�JFDEQ�BUMI>FK�FK>MMOLMOF>QB�?BE>SFLO�

30. 0OLSFAB >K BU>JMIB LC ELT MBLMIB COLJ FKAFSFAR>IFPQF@ >KA @LIIB@QFSFPQF@ @RIQROBP TLRIA AFCCBO FKBUMI>FKFKD�TEV�QEBV�TLK�>K�FJMLOQ>KQ�PMLOQFKD�BSBKQ�

31. 7EV AFAKsQ QEB pDLLAq DR>OAP FK QEB 3Q>KCLOA MOFPLK BUMBOFJBKQ L?GB@Q QL LQEBO DR>OAPs >?RPFSB?BE>SFLO��7BOB�QEB�PQRABKQ�MOFPLKBOP�PFJMIV�TB>H�MBLMIB��7EV�AFAKsQ�QEBV�L?GB@Q�QL�?BFKD�>?RPBA�

32. $BP@OF?B ELT PL@F>I OLIBP PL@F>I KLOJP >KA P@OFMQP TBOB BSFABKQ FK QEB 3Q>KCLOA MOFPLK BUMBOFJBKQ�(LT @>K QEFP BUMBOFJBKQ ?B >MMIFBA QL BSBOVA>V IFCB� !OB QEBOB >KV JLOB OB@BKQ BU>JMIBP TEBOB MBLMIBPQ>OQBA�CRICFIIFKD�>�OLIB�>KA�?B@>JB�>?RPFSB�

33. 'FSB >K BU>JMIB LKB not RPBA FK @I>PP LO VLRO QBUQ LC @LDKFQFSB AFPPLK>K@B >KA ELT >K FKAFSFAR>IJFDEQ�OBPLISB�QEFP�

34. )J>DFKB QE>Q VLR TLOH CLO >K >ASBOQFPFKD >DBK@V >KA VLRsSB ?BBK Q>PHBA TFQE ABSBILMFKD >K>ASBOQFPFKD @>JM>FDK QL FK@OB>PB P>IBP LC "IFPP 3LA>� (LT TLRIA VLR ABSBILM >K >ASBOQFPBJBKQ CLO QEFPMOLAR@Q QE>Q RPBP > @BKQO>I OLRQB LC MBOPR>PFLK� (LT TLRIA VLR ABSBILM >K >A RPFKD > MBOFMEBO>I OLRQB LCMBOPR>PFLK�

35. $BP@OF?B�ELT�PBBHFKD�LRQPFAB�LMFKFLKP�@>K�MOBSBKQ�DOLRMQEFKH�

36. #LJM>OB�>KA�@LKQO>PQ�PL@F>I�IL>CFKD�>KA�PL@F>I�C>@FIFQ>QFLK�

37. 3LJB MBLMIB PBBJ JLOB TFIIFKD QL LMBKIV AFPMI>V MOBGRAF@B OBD>OAFKD PBUR>I LOFBKQ>QFLK QE>KMOBGRAF@B�OBD>OAFKD�O>@B�>KA�DBKABO��3MB@RI>QB�LK�TEV�QEFP�JFDEQ�?B�

38. 7EBK�MBLMIB�?I>JB�>�P@>MBDL>Q �ELT�AL�VLR�QEFKH�QEBV�@ELLPB�BSFABK@B�QL�PRMMLOQ�QEB�?I>JB�

39. #LJM>OB�>KA�@LKQO>PQ�ELPQFIB�>KA�FKPQORJBKQ>I�>DDOBPPFLK�


40. 7E>Q BSFABK@B AFP@RPPBA FK QEB MOBSFLRP PB@QFLK PRDDBPQP QE>Q @V?BO?RIIVFKD FP AFCCF@RIQ QL ABQB@Q >KAMOBSBKQ�

41. $BP@OF?B�TE>Q�FKCIRBK@BP�TEBQEBO�OBI>QFLKPEFMP�TFII�?B�CLOJBA�

42. 4EB BSLIRQFLK>OV QEBLOV >ODRBP QE>Q ERJ>KP >OB JLQFS>QBA QL MBOMBQR>QB QEBFO DBKBP >KA OBMOLAR@B�5PFKD�>K�BSLIRQFLK>OV�MBOPMB@QFSB �ABP@OF?B�QO>FQP�FK�JBK�>KA�TLJBK�QE>Q�ERJ>KP�CFKA�>QQO>@QFSB�

Personal Application Questions

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Chapter 12 Social Psychology - mrsichakpchs.weebly.com · chapter 12 social psychology figure 12.1 4o>vslk ->oqfk t>p pelq ql ab>qe >q qeb e>kap lc 'blodb :fjjboj>k > slirkqbbo kbfde?loella