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Chapter 12Chapter 12Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
In this chapter you willIn this chapter you will
Name the organs of the respiratory system Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function.and describe their location and function.
Recognize medical terms that pertain to Recognize medical terms that pertain to respiration.respiration.
Apply your new knowledge to Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their understanding medical terms in their proper context.proper context.
Organs of the Respiratory SystemOrgans of the Respiratory System
NoseNasal Cavity
Paranasal SinusesNasopharynxPharyngeal tonsilsOropharynxPalatine tonsilsLaryngopharynx
LarynxEsophagusEpiglottis
Trachea
Mediastinum
Bronchial tubes
Lung
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Diaphragm
Bronchioles
Organs of the Respiratory Organs of the Respiratory SystemSystem
Bronchioles
Alveoli
CapillaryErythrocytes
Inhalation and ExpirationInhalation and Expiration
Respiratory Respiratory Flow ChartFlow Chart
Chapter 12 Chapter 12 Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
TerminologyTerminology
p. 464p. 464
adenoidectomyadenoidectomy
adenoid/oadenoid/o: : adenoidsadenoids
-ectomy-ectomy
Surgical removal of the adenoidsSurgical removal of the adenoids– Adenoids: nasopharyngeal tonsilsAdenoids: nasopharyngeal tonsils
adenoid hypertrophyadenoid hypertrophyaden/oaden/o
-oid-oid
hyper-hyper-
-trophy-trophy
Excessive development (enlargement) of the Excessive development (enlargement) of the adenoidsadenoids / can obstruct nasal passages/ can obstruct nasal passages
AlveolarAlveolaralveol/oalveol/o: alveolus, air sac: alveolus, air sac
-ar-ar
Pertaining to an alveolusPertaining to an alveolus
– Small, sac like, gas exchanging area of the Small, sac like, gas exchanging area of the lunglung
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXhJ4E
BronchospasmBronchospasmbronch/obronch/o: bronchial tube, bronchus: bronchial tube, bronchus
-spasm-spasm: sudden contraction of muscles: sudden contraction of muscles
Sudden contraction of muscles in the Sudden contraction of muscles in the bronchial tubebronchial tube
– Seen most commonly in asthmaSeen most commonly in asthma– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV1XgDL1E-c
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdQVTSzUihU&NR=1
bronchiectasisbronchiectasis
bronchi/obronchi/o: bronchial tube, bronchus: bronchial tube, bronchus
-ectasis-ectasis: stretching, dilation, expansion: stretching, dilation, expansion
Dilation of bronchial tubesDilation of bronchial tubes
– Caused by weakening of the bronchial wallsCaused by weakening of the bronchial walls– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5VrLBglXj
Q
bronchodilatorbronchodilator
bronch/obronch/o
-dilation-dilation: widening, stretching, expanding: widening, stretching, expanding
-or-or: one who: one who
One who widens the bronchial tubeOne who widens the bronchial tube– MedicationMedication
bronchiolitisbronchiolitis
bronchiol/bronchiol/o: bronchiole, small bronchuso: bronchiole, small bronchus
-itis-itis: inflammation: inflammation
Inflammation of bronchiolesInflammation of bronchioles
– Viral infectionViral infection– RSV: respiratory syncytial virusRSV: respiratory syncytial virus
hypercapniahypercapnia
Hyper: Hyper: ExcessiveExcessive
capn/ocapn/o: : carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide
-ia: -ia: condition ofcondition of
Condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in Condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in the blood)the blood)PaC02PaC02
pneumoconiosispneumoconiosis
pneum/opneum/o:: lung, air lung, air
coni/oconi/o: : dustdust
-osis-osis
Abnormal condition of Abnormal condition of dust in the lungsdust in the lungs– AsbestosisAsbestosis– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vMrme
wfBsc
cyanosiscyanosis
cyan/o:cyan/o: Blue Blue
-osis:-osis: Abnormal ConditionAbnormal Condition
Abnormal condition of blueAbnormal condition of blue– Caused by hypoxemiaCaused by hypoxemia
epiglottitisepiglottitis
epiglott/oepiglott/o: : epiglottisepiglottis
-itis:-itis: inflammationinflammation
Inflammation of the epiglottisInflammation of the epiglottis
– Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae Type B Type B– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC0VD795i
ag
laryngeallaryngeal
laryng/olaryng/o:: larynx (voice box) larynx (voice box)
-eal-eal pertaining topertaining to
Pertaining to the larynxPertaining to the larynx
LaryngitisLaryngitis– Occurs with a coldOccurs with a cold– Chronic condition in smokersChronic condition in smokers
laryngospasmlaryngospasm
laryng/o:laryng/o: larynxlarynx
-spasm:-spasm:
Sudden contraction of the muscles of the Sudden contraction of the muscles of the larynxlarynx
laryngitislaryngitis
laryng/olaryng/o larynxlarynx
-itis;-itis; inflammationinflammation
Inflammation of the voice boxInflammation of the voice boxhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDnfdtFlK18
lobectomylobectomy
lob/olob/o: : lobe of the lunglobe of the lung
-ectomy:-ectomy: surgical removalsurgical removal
Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)
mediastinoscopymediastinoscopy
mediastin/mediastin/o: mediastinumo: mediastinum
-scopy-scopy
Visual examination of the mediastinumVisual examination of the mediastinum
paranasal sinusesparanasal sinuses
parapara-: near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along -: near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along side ofside of
nas/onas/o: nose: nose
-al-al
SinusesSinuses: air filled cavities: air filled cavities
Pertaining to air filled cavities near the nosePertaining to air filled cavities near the nose
nasogastric intubationnasogastric intubation
nas/onas/o
gastr/ogastr/o
-ic-ic
in-in-
tubetube
-ation-ation
Process of inserting tube through the a Process of inserting tube through the a nose into the stomach (NG Tube)nose into the stomach (NG Tube)
orthopneaorthopneaorth/o:orth/o: straight, uprightstraight, upright
-pnea-pnea breathingbreathing
Upright breathingUpright breathing– Breathing discomfort in any position but sitting Breathing discomfort in any position but sitting
upup
hypoxiahypoxia
hypo-hypo-
ox/oox/o
-ia-ia
Condition of deficient oxygenCondition of deficient oxygen– In the tissuesIn the tissues
expectorationexpectoration
exex-: -: out, away fromout, away from
pector/opector/o: : chestchest
-ation-ation:: process ofprocess of
Process of away from chestProcess of away from chest– Expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)Expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)
pharyngealpharyngeal
pharyng/opharyng/o:: pharynxpharynx
-eal-eal pertaining topertaining to
Pertaining to the throatPertaining to the throat
dysphoniadysphonia
dys-dys- bad,painful, difficultbad,painful, difficult
phon/ophon/o: : voicevoice
-ia-ia condition ofcondition of
Condition of difficult (abnormal) voiceCondition of difficult (abnormal) voice– Hoarseness or any voice impairmentHoarseness or any voice impairment
phrenic nervephrenic nerve
phren/ophren/o: : diaphragmdiaphragm
-ic-ic pertaining topertaining to
NerveNerve nervenerve
Nerve pertaining to the diaphragmNerve pertaining to the diaphragm
pleurodyniapleurodynia
pleur/o:pleur/o: pleurapleura
-dynia:-dynia: painpain
Pain of the pleuraPain of the pleura
– Associated with inflammation of intercostal Associated with inflammation of intercostal musclesmuscles
pleural effusionpleural effusion
pleur/opleur/o pleuralpleural
-al-al pertaining topertaining to
-fusion-fusion:: to pour to pour
To pour fluid into the pleural cavityTo pour fluid into the pleural cavity– Fluid collects in the pleural spaceFluid collects in the pleural space
pneumothoraxpneumothorax
pneum/opneum/o airair
-thorax-thorax chestchest
Air in the pleural spaceAir in the pleural space
pneumonectomypneumonectomy
pneumon/opneumon/o lunglung
-ectomy-ectomy surgical removalsurgical removal
Removal of a lungRemoval of a lung
pulmonarypulmonary
pulmon/o:pulmon/o: lunglung
-ary-ary pertaining topertaining to
Pertaining to lungsPertaining to lungs
rhinorrhearhinorrhearhin/orhin/o: : nosenose
-rrhea-rrhea:: flow, dischargeflow, discharge
Discharge from the noseDischarge from the nose– Runny noseRunny nose
rhinoplastyrhinoplasty
rhin/orhin/o nosenose
-plasty-plasty surgical repairsurgical repair
Surgical repair of the noseSurgical repair of the nose– Nose jobNose job
sinusitissinusitis
sinus/osinus/o:: sinus, cavity sinus, cavity
-itis-itis inflammationinflammation
Inflammation of sinusesInflammation of sinuses
spirometerspirometerspir/o:spir/o: breathingbreathing
-meter-meter instrument to measureinstrument to measure
Instrument to measure breathingInstrument to measure breathing
expirationexpiration
ex-ex- outout
spir/ospir/o breathingbreathing
-ation-ation process ofprocess of
Process of breathing outProcess of breathing out– Note that the S is omittedNote that the S is omitted
respirationrespiration
re-re- againagain
spir/ospir/o breathingbreathing
-ation-ation process ofprocess of
Process of breathing againProcess of breathing again– Breathing (inspiration and expiration)Breathing (inspiration and expiration)
atelectasisatelectasis
aa- without- without
tel/o:tel/o: complete complete
-ectasis-ectasis: stretching, : stretching, dilation, expansiondilation, expansion
Without complete Without complete expansion of a lungexpansion of a lung– collapsed lungcollapsed lung
thoracotomythoracotomy
thorac/othorac/o: : chestchest
-tomy-tomy:: incisionincision
Incision of the chestIncision of the chest
thoracicthoracic
thorac/othorac/o chestchest
-ic-ic pertaining topertaining to
Pertaining to the chestPertaining to the chest
tonsillectomytonsillectomy
tonsill/otonsill/o:: tonsilstonsils
-ectomy-ectomy:: surgical removalsurgical removal
Removal of tonsilsRemoval of tonsils– The nasopharyngeal tonsils are removedThe nasopharyngeal tonsils are removed
tracheotomytracheotomytrache/otrache/o tracheatrachea
-tomy-tomy incisionincision
Incision of the tracheaIncision of the trachea
tracheal stenosistracheal stenosis
trache/otrache/o tracheatrachea
-al--al- pertaining topertaining to
stenosis:stenosis: tightening; stricturetightening; stricture
Pertaining to tightening (narrowing) of the Pertaining to tightening (narrowing) of the tracheatrachea
Suffixes – Page 468Suffixes – Page 468
empyemaempyemaem-em- inin
py/opy/o puspus
-ema-ema: : conditioncondition
Condition of pus in (the chest)Condition of pus in (the chest)– A collection of pusA collection of pus– Most commonly occurs in the pleural cavity as Most commonly occurs in the pleural cavity as
pyothoraxpyothorax
anosmiaanosmia
anan--
-osmia-osmia: smell: smell
Without smellWithout smell
apneaapnea
a-a- withoutwithout
-pnea-pnea breathingbreathing
Without breathingWithout breathing
dyspneadyspnea
dysdys-- bad, difficultbad, difficult
-pnea-pnea breathingbreathing
Difficult breathingDifficult breathing
hyperpneahyperpnea
hyperhyper-- increased, excessiveincreased, excessive
-pnea-pnea breathingbreathing
Increased breathingIncreased breathing– Increase in Increase in depthdepth of breathing of breathing
– What is the term for increased rate of What is the term for increased rate of breathing?breathing?
tachypneatachypnea
tachytachy-- fastfast
-pnea-pnea breathingbreathing
Fast breathingFast breathing
hemoptysishemoptysis
hem/ohem/o bloodblood
-ptysis-ptysis: : spittingspitting
Spitting up bloodSpitting up blood
asphyxiaasphyxia
a-a- withoutwithout
-sphyxia-sphyxia: : pulsepulse
Without pulseWithout pulse
hemothoraxhemothorax
hem/ohem/o bloodblood
-thorax: -thorax: chest, pleural cavitychest, pleural cavity
Blood in the pleural cavityBlood in the pleural cavity
pyothoraxpyothorax
py/opy/o
-thorax-thorax
Pus in the chestPus in the chest
– empyema of the chestempyema of the chest
Diagnostic and Pathologic Terms – Diagnostic and Pathologic Terms – page 469page 469
auscultationauscultation
percussionpercussion
pleural rubpleural rub
rale (crackle)rale (crackle)
rhonchusrhonchus
sputumsputum
stridorstridor
wheezewheeze
Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders page 470page 470
CroupCroup
DiptheriaDiptheria
EpistaxisEpistaxis
PertussisPertussis
Croup-Croup-p. 470p. 470
Acute respiratory syndrome in children Acute respiratory syndrome in children and infantsand infants
Characterized by:Characterized by:– Obstruction of the larynxObstruction of the larynx– Barking coughBarking cough– stridorstridor
DiptheriaDiptheria
bacterial infection usually affecting the bacterial infection usually affecting the mucous membranes of your nose and mucous membranes of your nose and throat. Diphtheria typically causes a sore throat. Diphtheria typically causes a sore throat, fever, swollen glands and throat, fever, swollen glands and weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet of thick, gray material covering the back of of thick, gray material covering the back of your throat. This material can block your your throat. This material can block your windpipe so that you have to struggle for windpipe so that you have to struggle for breath.breath.
EpistaxisEpistaxis
Nose bleedNose bleed
PertussisPertussis
Whooping Cough; highly contagious Whooping Cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea.and trachea.
DTaP and Tdap VaccinesDTaP and Tdap Vaccines
Bronchial Disorders – page 470-Bronchial Disorders – page 470-471471
AsthmaAsthma
BronchiectasisBronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis
Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis
Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis
Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract.respiratory tract.
Gene carrying the disease in known and Gene carrying the disease in known and persons carrying the gene may be persons carrying the gene may be identified.identified.
Lung Disorders – page 471-475Lung Disorders – page 471-475
AtlectasisAtlectasis
EmphysemaEmphysema
Lung cancerLung cancer
PneumoconiosisPneumoconiosis
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pulmonary abcessPulmonary abcess
Pulmonary edemaPulmonary edema
EmphysemaEmphysema
Hyperinflation of the air sacs with Hyperinflation of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar wallsdestruction of alveolar walls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aktIMBQSXMo
PneumoniaPneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of the Acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli which fill with pus or products of the alveoli which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reactioninflammatory reaction
Lung DisordersLung Disorders
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Pulmonary FibrosisPulmonary Fibrosis
Sarcoidosis – chronic inflammationSarcoidosis – chronic inflammation
Tuberculosis (TB)Tuberculosis (TB)
Pulmonary FibrosisPulmonary Fibrosis
Pleural Disorders – page 475Pleural Disorders – page 475
Mesothelioma – rare malignant tumor in Mesothelioma – rare malignant tumor in pleurapleura
Pleural EffusionPleural Effusion
Pleurisy (pleuritis)Pleurisy (pleuritis)
PneumothoraxPneumothorax
MesotheliomaMesothelioma
Pleural EffusionPleural Effusion
Clinical Procedures – p 476-481Clinical Procedures – p 476-481
Chest x-rayChest x-ray
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (V/Q)Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (V/Q)
BronchoscopyBronchoscopy
Endotracheal IntubationEndotracheal Intubation
PFTsPFTs
ThoracentesisThoracentesis
Clinical ProceduresClinical Procedures
ThoracotomyThoracotomy
ThoracoscopyThoracoscopy
TracheostomyTracheostomy
Tuberculin test (PPD)Tuberculin test (PPD)
Tube Thoracostomy (Chest tube)Tube Thoracostomy (Chest tube)
QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::
1.1. What is the tip or What is the tip or uppermost portion of the uppermost portion of the lung?lung?
A.A.base base
B.B. lobelobe
C.C.apexapex
D.D.naresnares
Chest tubeChest tube
Abbreviations p. 482Abbreviations p. 482COPDCOPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseDisease
CXRCXR: Chest X-Ray: Chest X-Ray
PFTPFT: Pulmonary Function Test: Pulmonary Function Test
TBTB: Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis
OSAOSA: Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
DOEDOE: Dyspnea on Exertion: Dyspnea on Exertion
URIURI: Upper Respiratory Infection: Upper Respiratory Infection
