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Chapter 12 Lecture
Basic ChemistryFourth Edition
Chapter 12 Solutions12.1 Dilution and Chemical Reactions in Solution
Learning Goal Calculate the new concentration or volume of a diluted solution. Given the volume and concentration of a solution, calculate the amount of another reactant or product in a reaction.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a dilution• a solvent, usually water, is added to a solution
that increases the volume• the concentration of the new solution will be
less due to the larger volume
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dilutions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a dilution the amount of solute does not change, only the volume of the solution.
C1V1 = C2V2 Where C is the concentration of the solution (it can be molarity or percent concentration), and V is the volume of the solution.
Dilutions, Changing Volume
Grams or molesof solute in
concentrated solution=
Grams or moles of solute in diluted
solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Dilutions, Changing Volume
When water is added to a concentrated solution, there is no change in the number of particles. The solute particles spread out as the volume of the diluted solution increases.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Guide to Calculating Dilution Quantities
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What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Learning Check
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Step 1 Prepare a table of the concentrations and volumes.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Step 2 Rearrange the dilution expression to solve for the unknown quantity.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the final molarity of the solution when 0.180 L of 0.600 M KOH is diluted to 0.540 L?
Step 3 Substitute the known quantities into the dilution expression and calculate.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Learning Check
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Step 1 Prepare a table of concentrations and volumes of the solutions.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Step 2 Rearrange the dilution expression to solve for the unknown quantity.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is the volume, in milliliters, of a 5.4% (m/v) NH3 solution that can be prepared by diluting 50.0 mL of a 15% (m/v) NH3 solution?
Step 3 Substitute the known quantities into the dilution expression and calculate.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a chemical reaction,
• the volume and molarity of a solution are used to determine the moles of a reactant or product
Chemical Reactions in Solution
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Guide to Calculations, Solutions in Chemical Reactions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc? Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)
H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)
Learning Check
Zinc reacts when placed in a HCl solution.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 1 State the given and needed
quantities.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 2 Write a plan to calculate the needed quantity or concentration.
Solution
Gramsof Zn
Molar massMolar mass
Molesof Zn
Mole-mole factor
Mole-mole factor
Moles of HCl MolarityMolarity
Liters of HCl
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors, including mole-mole and concentration factors.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 3 Write equalities and conversion factors, including mole-mole and concentration factors.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Given the following reaction, determine how many liters of 1.50 M HCl solution completely react with 5.32 g of zinc?Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)Step 4 Set up problem to calculate the needed quantity or concentration.
Solution
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Concept Map, Substance A to Substance B