CHAPTER 12

SECTION 4 (24 Slides)

1

THE MING DYNASTY

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The Rise of Ming

Kublai Khan died weak rulers followed Mongol groups in north broke away many Chinese resented Mongol control wanted own dynasty

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Reforming China rebellions drove out Mongols early Ming emperors provided peace & security restored civil service examinations made tests even harder “census” or count of the number of people collect taxes more accurately strong government & early Ming emperors

China’s economy begins to grow4

Zhu Yuanzhang

rebel leader became emperor reunited country made capital Nanjing (southern China) founded Ming “Brilliant” dynasty took name Hong Wu or “Military Emperor”

5

Hong Wu brought back order ordered…

canals & farms rebuilt (destroyed by Mongols)

people to move to new farms new forests planted new roads paved

proved to be a cruel leader trusted no one killed officials he suspected of

treason ruled for 30 years before death

in 1398

6

YONG LE son of Zhu Yuanzhang (Hong Wu) moved capital north to Beijing built Imperial City

large palaces and government buildings

Forbidden City (center of Imperial City)

entry by only top officials home to China’s emperors

and his court (more than 500 years)

beautiful gardens many palaces with thousands

of rooms buildings still exist today

7

Advancements agriculture thrived repaired & expanded the

Grand Canal imported new faster growing

types of rice from southeast Asia

helped feed large number of people living in cities

supported silk industry encouraged farmers to grow cotton and weaving cloth first time cotton worn by

Chinese

8

Chinese Culture merchants & artisans

grew wealthier wanted to learn more

& be entertained Chinese writers

produced many novels, or long fictional stories

9

Chinese enjoyed dramas on stagecombined spoken

words with songs with dances, costumes, & symbolic gestures

10

China Explores the World

early Ming emperors curious about world outside China

increase China’s influence abroad

built large fleet of ships usually traveled along China’s

coast could also sail open sea Yong Le sent fleet on seven

overseas voyages wanted to show China’s power demanded weaker kingdoms

to pay tribute to China

11

Zheng He

Muslim & court official Chinese navigator leader of seven voyages first fleet – 62 large ships,

250 smaller ships, and almost 28,000 men

largest ship – over 440 feet long five times as long as the

Santa Maria

12

Where did Zheng He travel?

Southeast Asia India Persian Gulf to Arabia East Africa

13

Chinese Goods Traded

silk paper porcelain

1

Goods Brought Back to China

silver spices wood and more… from Africa

giraffesadditional animals for emperor’s zoo

15

Chinese Officials’ Complaints

trips cost too much bad for China’s way of life

brought new ideas from outside worldhelped merchants become rich

working to gain money for themselves merchants disobeying Confucius teachings

people should place loyalty to society ahead of their own desires

16

After Zheng He’s Death

officials persuaded new emperor to stop the voyages

boats were dismantled no more ships (capable of long distances)

were allowed to be builtChina’s trade with other countries declinedwithin 50 years, shipbuilding technology was

forgotten

17

Portuguese Arrive in China

first Europeans to sail to China first direct contact between China &

Europe since Marco Polo wanted China to trade with them tried to convince Chinese to become

Christians

18

Chinese View of Portuguese

not threatened (Ming at height of power)

Europeans Barbarians (uncivilized)

refused to trade

19

By 1600…

Chinese allow Portuguese to set up trading posts in Macao (southern China)

European ships carried goods between Macao and Japan

trade still limited between China and Europe

20

Despite Chinese Restrictions…

European ideas reached China arrival of Christian missionaries (Jesuits)

group of Roman Catholic priests highly educated scientific knowledge impressed Chinese brought clocks, eyeglasses, & scientific instruments did not convince Chinese to become Christians

21

Fall of the Ming Dynasty

Emperors took too much power (control) officials had little desire to make improvements over time, weak rulers greedy officials

lived in luxury placed heavy tax on peasants peasants revolt

22

Manchu Invasion

Law & order disappeared in Ming Dynasty Manchu attacked China’s northern border

lived northeast of Great Wallknown today as Manchuriadefeated Chinese armiescaptured Beijingset up a new dynasty (1644 Qing Dynasty)

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