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Chapter11 Water
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Water
TwokindsSaltwaterFreshwater
Wecanonlyliveafewdayswithoutwater,butwecanliveamonthwithoutfood
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ThewatercycleContinuousmovementofwaterbetweenearthanditsatmosphereIswaterarenewableresource?
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Globalwaterdistribution
Whatpercentofearthiscoveredbywater?Abouttwothirds,ormorespecifically71%
Whatpercentageofthatwaterissaltwater?97%
So3%ofwateronearthisfreshwaterMostofthisisICE
(77%)AlotisGROUNDWATER (22%)Lessthan1%isSURFACEWATER
(thatwecandrink)!
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WaterMr.Turri
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FreshwateronEarthslandsurfaceRememberwesaidlessthan1%ofEarthswaterissurfacewater!
Sourcesoffreshwaterintheformofsurfacewaterinclude:RiversStreamsLakes
Surfacewater
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Aflowingnetworkofriversandstreamsdrainingariverbasin
Otherriversandstreamsflowintootherriversandstreamsmakingalargerriver.
Riversystems
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MississippiRiverSystem
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Theareaoflandthatisdrainedbyariver
BiggestintheUSintheMississippi
Watersheds
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Mostofthefreshwateravailableforhumanuse cannotbeseen
itexistsunderground
Whenitrainssomewatergoesintothestreamsandrivers,butmostofitpercolatesdownthroughthesoilandintotherocksbelow
Thiswateriscalledgroundwater
Groundwater
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Asyoutraveldownthroughtheearthssurface,eventuallyyoureachapointwherethesoilissaturatedwithwater,thisisthewatertable.
Thewatertable
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CHAPTER11Water
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Watermanagement
Aqueduct
hugechannelsthatmovewaterfromoneplacetoanotherOftenusedwhennaturalwaterdistributionisn'tenough
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Dams astructurebuilttocontroltheflowofwaterReservoir
anartificiallakethatwillformbehindthedam
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ervation
AgricultureDripirrigationsystem:deliverwaterdirectlytoplantroots
Industry recyclingofusedwaterResidential
changehabits/technology
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olutions
Desalination Theprocessofremovingsaltformsaltwater
Pros?Cons?
TransportingwaterBagsIcebergs
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Water
TRuss
TryingtoDouglas
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aterPollutionIntroductionofchemical,physical,orbiologicalagentsthatdegradewaterqualityAdverselyaffecttheorganismsthatdependonwater
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PointsourcepollutionPollutionfromasinglesource
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NonpointsourceComesfrommanydifferentsourcesthatareoftendifficulttoidentify
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WastewaterWaterthatcontainswastefromhomesorindustry
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ArtificialEutrophicationNutrientsaregoodforwater.butTOOmuchcanbebad:Whennutrientsbreakdownordecompose,theyuseupoxygen.
Fertilizerscauseexcessphosphorusandnitrogentoentersurfacewaterthroughsewageorrunoff.
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Eutrophication
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ThermalPollutionDidyoueverthinkwarmthcanbeapollutant?Itcan,ifabodyofwaterrisesjustafewdegrees,largeamountoffishcandie.Likeeutrophication,thermalpollutioncausesdecreasedlevelsofoxygeninwater,coldwaterholdsmoreoxygen.
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GroundwaterPollutionGroundwatercangetpollutedthrough
PesticideHerbicidePetroleumproducts
Verydifficulttoclean
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OceanPollutionMostofthepollutionthatoccursintheoceancomesfromACTIVITIES
ON LAND.
Oilspills
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OilspillsHowdowecleanupoilspills?
Booms:BarrierstopreventtheoilfromspreadingDispersants:chemicalsthatbreakuptheoilsothatitisdilutedbymorewater
Pros/cons
Skimmers:removeoilfromthesurfaceofwaterBurning
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EcosystemBiomagnification
buildupofpollutantsathigherlevelsofthefoodchain
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CleaningupCuyahogaRiver
CleanWaterActof1972
Goalwastomakeallsurfacewatercleanenoughtoswimandfishinby83.
Notmet,but30%increase
CleanAirActof1990
requiresoiltankerstravelingUSwatertohavedoublehulls
Chapter 11WaterThe water cycleGlobal water distribution Chapter
11Surface waterRiver systemsMississippi River SystemWatershedsSlide
Number 10GroundwaterThe water tableSlide Number 13Slide Number
14Water managementDamsConservationFuture solutionsChapter 11Water
PollutionPoint source pollutionNon-point sourceWastewaterArtificial
EutrophicationSlide Number 25Thermal PollutionGroundwater
PollutionOcean PollutionOil spillsEcosystemCleaning up
