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CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3
Life During Wartime
Essential Question
How did the Civil War bring about social and economic changes in American society?
African Americans in the Union
Beginning of Civil War: Free Africans
Americans attempted to enlist in the army.
Not permitted because of 1792 law barring them from bearing arms in the U.S. Army.
Why else would Lincoln fear accepting black men into the Union Army?
African Americans in the Union
Militia Act of 1862: Legislation allowing
African Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers.
Emancipation Proclamation: Causes large scale
enlistment. End of the Civil War;
10% of the army.
African Americans in the Union Discriminated Against
Suffered Discrimination: Paid $10 per month Deducted $3 for clothing
White Soldiers: Paid $13 per month No clothing deduction
Served in segregated units. Commanded by white
officers. Some failed to adequately
train them.
African American Roles
Relief Roles Nurses, Cooks, and
Blacksmiths.
Spies and Scouts (Black Dispatches) Valuable information
about Confederate Forces, Plans, familiar terrain.
African Americans in the Union
Mortality Rate was higher due to: Assigned labor duties
and usually the first regiments that went into battle.
Faced harsher treatment than white prisoners. Enslaved Executed
African Americans in the Union
Battle of Fort Pillow, Tennessee: April 12, 1864 Union Garrison of 600
suffered 575 casualties.
Dubbed a massacre: Black soldiers
attempted to surrender, Confederate forces killed.
Slaves in the Confederacy
Confederate Army: Slave Labor Force Population in CSA:
9 million (3 million slaves)
Mid 1863- Discussion of allowing colored militias serving: Confederate War Office
denies
Desperate Measure: March 13th, 1865: Black
slaves allowed to enlist.
Slaves in the Confederacy
Slaves during wartime: Sought freedom behind the
Union lines. On Plantations:
Sabotage equipment by breaking plows and destroying materials on the farm.
Neglect livestock.
Slave owners feared slave uprisings: Tightened slave patrols Spread rumors of Union
abuse of runaway slaves.
Discussion
Agree or Disagree: Africans Americans
service in the Union military during The Civil War was a step towards equality.
African Americans served an important role for the Confederate Military. Could this have been
expanded? Would it have made
an impact?
Regional Economies Change
South: Decline of Plantation
System Decline in trade
North: Growth of Industries
and Factories New opportunities for
Women and African Americans.
Southern Economy
Experience Food Shortages because: Drain of manpower in the
Army. Union occupation of food
growing areas. Loss of slaves to work in
the fields.
Demand for food up, supply down: Average in 1861- $6.65 per
month Average in 1863- $68 per
month
Southern Economy
Shortage(s):
Funding Could not collect taxes
from the states.
Arms and Ammunition Some brought own
guns, or scavenged battlefields for Union Weapons.
Military Supplies
Northern Economy
Factories and Industries boomed: Union Army’s need for
uniforms, shoes, guns and other supplies.
Northern Economy
THE DARK SIDE:
Wages for workers did not keep up with prices of goods and services.
White-male workers strike: Employers hire blacks,
immigrants, women, and boys to replace them.
Northern Economy
Northern Women experience new opportunity in work force in: Farms Government jobs
Mostly worked as store clerks and secretaries. Earned less money
than men.
Northern Economy
Businesses with government contracts make immense profits: Provided cheaply made
materials, spoiled food, and demanded higher prices for guns.
Congress enacts in 1863, The Federal Income Tax: Tax that takes a specified
percentage of an individuals income.
Northern Southern
Industrial BoomHuge Profits for
Business Low WagesDecline in standard
of livingWomen entered the
labor force Income Tax
Decline of Plantation System
Shortages in : Food Funds Trade Supplies Labor
How did Wartime affect the Economies?