Chapter 11Movement & Coordination

Pride Health

Mr. Theisinger – King of the World

PRETEST1. What system is primarily responsible for control of the body and all functions?

2. What system is comprised of bones and joints?

3. What system aids the bones and joints in movements through contraction?

4. What are the 3 types of muscle?

5. About how many bones are in the adult human body?

6. What is the number one way to maintain nervous system health?

7. What is one function of the skeletal system?

8. What does RICE stand for?

Unit GoalsStudents will be able to…

• Identify roles of the skeletal system

• Describe functions of bones and joints

• Explain how to maintain skeletal health

• Describe functions of the three types of muscles

• Explain how to maintain muscular health

• Explain roles of the nervous system

• Describe roles of central and peripheral nervous system

• Explain how to maintain nervous system health

Unit Preview• Section 11-1: Skeletal System

• Functions of Bones

• Bones & Joints

• Maintaining Health

• Section 11-2: Muscular System

• Types of Muscles

• Maintaining Health

• Section 11-3: Nervous System

• Types of Nerves

• Central Nervous System

• Peripheral Nervous System

• Maintaining Health

Preview ActivityLabel the parts on the provided handout of the skeletal, muscle,

and nervous systems.

Section 11-1 – The Skeletal System

• Functions of the System

• Support & Protection

• Movement

• Storage and Production of Materials

• Bones and Joints

• Development

• Structure

• Joints

• Maintaining Health

Functions of the Skeletal System• Support and Protection

• Provide shape of body

• Vertebrae

• Protect organs

• Movement

• Coordinates based on muscles and nervous system

• Storage and Protection of Materials

• Store phosphorous and calcium

• Produce some blood cells

Bones & Joints• Development

• Bones undergo change throughout life

• Cartilage – tough tissue that you are born with instead of bones

• Ossification – process of hardening cartilage to become bone

• Structure

• Made of compact bone and spongy bone

• Marrow fills in spaces within the bone

• Red marrow produces blood cells

• Yellow marrow stores fat

• Joints

• Allow for movement

• Protect from friction and force

• 4 types (see page 269)

• Ligaments – fibrous bands that hold bones together to form joints

Maintaining Skeletal Health• Eating Well

• Get adequate amounts of phosphorous and calcium to prevent osteoporosis

• Exercising

• Weight bearing

• Avoiding Bone Injuries

• Use proper equipment to prevent fractures

• Avoiding Joint Injuries

• Sprain – use ice and pain relievers

• Dislocation – seek medical attention if serious

• Torn cartilage – surgery

• Rest

• Medical Checkups

• Seek medical attention for any bone or joint pain

Chapter 11-1 - Homework1.What are the 5 main roles of the skeletal system?

2.What is the process of hardening cartilage into bone?

3.What are the 2 types of bone marrow and what does each type do?

4.How can you prevent osteoporosis?

Section 11-2 – Muscular System

• Muscles

• Types

• How They Work

• Tone

• Keeping Muscles Healthy

• Working Muscles

• Avoiding Injuries

• Preventing Cramps

Muscles in the Body• Types

• Smooth – carry out involuntary movements in the body

• Esophagus and blood vessels

• Cardiac – involuntary heart muscles that control beating and blood flow

• Skeletal – attached to bones by tendons – controls movements of body

• Movement

• All muscles contract to create movement

• Tone

• Tension of muscles to support body

• Atrophy – weakening of muscles due to lack of use or injury

Keeping Muscles Healthy• Working Muscles

• Aerobic exercise increases endurance

• Anaerobic exercise increases strength

• Avoiding Muscle Injuries

• Strain – pulled muscle or rip in muscle fibers

• Tendonitis – swelling of muscles

• RICE

• Exercise regularly

• Preventing Muscle Cramps

• Drink fluids

• Rest

• Massage area of pain

Section 11-2 - Homework1.What are the 3 types of muscle? Provide a specific example

of each type.

2.How do muscles allow the body to move?

3.Name 2 ways to prevent injuries to muscles.

Section 11-3 – The Nervous System

• Nerves

• Central Nervous System

• Peripheral Nervous System

• Maintaining Nervous System Health

Nervous System• Sends and receives information about environment and body’s response to

environment

• Neuron – basic unit of the nervous system

• Carries impulses (messages) from one part of body to another

• Composed of dendrites, cell body, and axon

Neurons• 3 Types:

• Sensory – internal and external neurons that sense the environment

• Interneurons – located in the brain and spinal cord and passes impulses

• Motor – send impulses to muscles and glands to tell them to work

Central Nervous System• Control center of the body

• 2 Parts:

• Brain – made up of 100 billion neurons

• Made up of 3 parts:

• Cerebrum – controls most thought

• Cerebellum – coordinates movement and balance

• Stem – coordinates involuntary actions

• Spinal Cord – links brain to peripheral nervous system

• Helps control some reflexes to stimulate quicker movements

Peripheral Nervous System• Network of nerves that links the body to the central nervous system

• Sensory Division – carry info from external environment to internal environment

• Motor Division – controls responses based on info from sensory division

• Somatic – voluntary

• Autonomic – automatic reactions

Maintaining Nervous System Health• PROTECT IT FROM INJURY!

• Head Injuries:

• Concussions

• Comas

• Spinal Cord Injuries:

• Paralysis

• Nerve Injuries:

• Carpal Tunnel

• Infections:

• Meningitis

• Rabies

Section 11-3 - Homework1.What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

2.What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

3.What are the three main parts of a neuron?

4.What is the best way to maintain nervous system health?

5.What are the 3 areas of the brain and each of their main functions?