CHAPTER 11APUS HISTORY

ELECTION OF 1800Jefferson Adams

Democratic RepublicanFederalist

Jefferson defeats Adams in the Electoral College 73-65Jefferson ties with Aaron Burr (his VP

candidate) for electoral votesCaused confusion as to who would be president--decided by House of

RepresentativesJefferson eventual winner12TH AMENDMENT

12th amendment passed to make sure confusion like this would not occur

REVOLUTION OF 1800

Marks the death of the

Federalist Party

THOMAS JEFFERSONJefferson known as the “Red Fox”Jefferson very inconsistent…said all men are created equal, but yet he owned slavesJefferson wealthy, yet gets his support from unwealthy and uneducatedJefferson’s Beliefs?1. Best government was

the one that governed the least

2. Best occupation you could have was that of a noble farmer

3. Most, not all, people should be able to vote, as long as they’re educated

AtheismBelief there is no God

DeismBelief that God created the earth, but set natural laws in motion and no longer interferes with the affairs of man (the great clockmaker)

Sally Hemings

Terrific writer who wrote over 25,000 lettersInventor, politician, and well-rounded individual

Quotes of Thomas Jefferson

“If a nation expects to be ignorant and free, it expects what never was and never will be”

“If I had to choose a government without

newspapers or newspapers without

government, I’d pick the later”

“We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists”“Honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none”

Although opposed to much of Federalist policies, Jefferson as president much more moderate

Did not change much of Hamilton’s financial plan

He did reverse Federalist policy regarding excise tax and chose to reduce the national debt

Albert Gallatin

Jefferson’s Secretary of the TreasuryBelieved debt more of a curse than a blessing (opposite of Hamilton)

Judiciary Act of 1801Created 16 new federal judgeshipsMidnight Judges were assigned by John Adams in his last days in officeThis caused the Democratic-Republicans to dislike these judgesJefferson opposed these judges

John Marshall

Picked by Adams as Chief Justice of the Supreme CourtChief Justice for 34 yearsMade the Judicial Branch very powerful

Marbury v. Madison Court case in 1803Established principle of judicial reviewJudicial Review--the Supreme Court alone has the power to review a law passed by Congress and declare it constitutional or unconstitutional

Samuel ChaseJudge that was impeached

Jefferson’s Foreign PolicyBarbary States were a group of 4 North African countriesThey caused problems for the American navy Forced Jefferson to increase the militaryJefferson sent a small US Navy fleet to Tripoli led by Stephen Decatur

Jefferson’s small navy after the Tripolitan War

“From the Halls of Montezuma, To the shores of Tripoli”

Toussaint L’OvertureHaitiNapoleon

Toussaint L’Overture was ex-slave from HaitiLed rebellion against the French in HaitiThis rebellion made it easier for Napoleon to sell us the Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana PurchaseJefferson sent delegation to try and buy New Orleans from French for $10 million

Napoleon decided to sell all Louisiana territory for $15 million (about 3 cents per acre)

Jefferson was pleased but worried it was unconstitutional

Corp of DiscoveryJefferson sent out Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore area

SacajaweaIndian woman who helped Lewis and Clark

ESSEX JUNTOThe Essex Junto involved a plot for New England's succession from the UnionNew England felt threatened by western expansionSecessionists had courted Alexander Hamilton, then courted Aaron Burr

Hamilton-Burr DuelHamilton had defeated Burr in race for Governor of NYHamilton exposed Burr’s plotBurr challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him

Burr ConspiracyAttempt by Aaron Burr to separate western part of US into a new nationArrested for treason--later let go when 2 witnesses not found

YAZOO LAND CONTROVERSYDealt with land in dispute in GeorgiaJefferson’s opponents tried to accuse him of corruptionCreated strife in the Democratic-Republican Party and weakened Jefferson in his second term

AMERICAN NEUTRALITY?England and France at war with each otherYoung America still caught in the middle

Orders in CouncilClosed European ports under French control to foreign shipping--including AmericanVessels must stop at British ports firstFrance orders seizure of all ships entering British ports--including AmericanImpressments

British ships were “impressing” American sailors by making them join British navyWorst incident involved the USS Chesapeake

Jefferson’s response--embargo all goods to both France and England

EMBARGO ACTJefferson responded to British and French violations by issuing the Embargo ActEmbargo Act forbid any trade from America to any foreign nationEmbargo Act hurt manufacturers in New England badly

Non-Intercourse ActOpened trade with all nations of the world except Britain and France