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Chapter 11 and 12 notes: The Civil War
Objective #1: Students will be able to explain the idea of states rights and how it contributed to conflict within the U.S. before the Civil War.
• “States Rights” was an idea held by many people in the south before the war.
• Basically means that the federal government shouldn’t be able to tell your state what to do.
• Idea that the state is greater than the federal government.
The Slavery Issue…Not so much whether it should be allowed but whether it should be allowed to
spread.
Missouri Compromise 1820
Objective #2 Explain how the slavery issue affected the addition of states to the Union.
(344-49)• Every state that was added to the Union up to the
Civil War brought the argument of slave state/free state.
• Both sides want power in Congress.• Northern states want ________. Southern states
want _______.• When one was added, so was another to
balance.• This led to a series of compromises to try to settle
the issue.
The Fugitive Slave Act (1850) and the Cheneysville Incident.
Objective 3: Explain why the Fugitive Slave Act angered Northerners. (351)
• This allowed Southerners into the North to catch runaways. They saw how awful it was. How slaves were treated
• Turned many Northerners into abolitionists.
• This made the Underground Railroad necessary in the North. (local stations)
Objective #4: Why did the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin change the way many Northerners viewed slavery? (351-52)
• Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Showed how slavery broke up families. How cruel it was, beatings and overworking.
• Turned more Northerners into abolitionists.
Objective #5: Explain how the Dred Scott Decision dehumanized slaves.(358)
• Dred Scott was a slave who moved from a slave state to a free state. He sued for his freedom.
• In 1856 the Supreme Court stated that…– Scott was not a citizen, therefore couldn’t bring suit in
a U.S. court– Slaves have no rights and are in fact property.– Because of this the U.S. can’t restrict the expansion
of slavery.• The decision further divides the nation and angers
northerners
Result
• UTC, The Fugitive Slave Act, and Dred Scott all began turning many Northerners against slavery.
• The result was the creation of a new political party to deal with the issue.
John C. Fremont
James Buchanan
Thomas Jefferson visited the Hotel in 1819 for several weeks to alleviate symptoms associated with acute rheumatism. He was not the only President to visit the Hotel. Ten presidents in total have made visits to the Bedford Springs. These include James K. Polk, who was the first to visit before he became President, Andrew Jackson, William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, Zachary Taylor, James Garfield, William Taft, Dwight Eisenhower, and Ronald Reagan and Pennsylvania’s own James Buchanan.
Objective #6: Analyze the goals of the Republican Party (356-57)
• They formed out of a couple different parties.• #1 goal = oppose the expansion of slavery in
new states.• Favored tariffs to help northern businesses.• In 1856 the Republicans ran John C. Fremont
for president against Democrat James Buchanan.
• Fremont loses but the party gains recognition.
“the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away; but with Blood.” The
Last Words of John Brown…
• 2 of Brown’s sons were killed in the raid
Objective #7: Explain what John Brown’s raid attempted to accomplish and describe people’s reactions to the raid
depending on their view of the issue. (361)
• Brown’s Plan – (1856) capture a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry Va and take the weapons.
• Give these weapons to _______ to start a revolt.• Result – Brown captures the arsenal but is
quickly surrounded and captured.• He and 6 others are later executed.• The raid further divided the nation. Northerners
supported Brown and Southerners were terrified of slave revolts.
Find Harpers Ferry on Google Earth:
Lincoln’s voice
• Mary Todd Lincoln had 4 brothers that fought for the Confederacy
• Dear Sir
My father has just home from the fair and brought home your picture and Mr. Hamlin's. I am a little girl only 11 years old, but want you should be President of the United States very much so I hope you wont think me very bold to write to such a great man as you are. Have you any little girls about as large as I am if so give them my love and tell her to write to me if you cannot answer this letter. I have got 4 brother's and part of them will vote for you any way and if you let your whiskers grow I will try and get the rest of them to vote for you you would look a great deal better for your face is so thin. All the ladies like whiskers and they would tease their husband's to vote for you and then you would be President. My father is going to vote for you and if I was a man I would vote for you to but I will try to get every one to vote for you that I can I think that rail fence around your picture makes it look very pretty I have got a little baby sister she is nine weeks old and is just as cunning as can be. When you direct your letter direct to Grace Bedell Westfield Chatauque County New York
I must not write any more answer this letter right off. Good bye
Grace Bedell
Lincoln’s acceptance speech at the Republican Convention:
• “A house divided against itself cannot stand”
Objective # 8: Explain why the election of 1860 triggered secession (362-63)
• Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln to run. He wins the election without winning in a single southern state.
• Many southern states see his victory as the first step towards abolition and 7 immediately secede.
• The Confederate States of America are born. (Jefferson Davis)
• Buchanan is still president at the time…he does nothing.
• What is a Confederation?
White House of the Confederacy and the flag
Compare the Constitution of the Confederacy to that of the U.S.
• The Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution states:
– “ This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States …shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding. (Emphasis added.)
• The Confederate Constitution begins:
– "We, the people of the Confederate States, each State acting in its sovereign and independent character..."
“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” …Abraham Lincoln: 1st Inaugural Address
Neat Website: High Resolution Obama Inaugural
• http://gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=15374
Objective #9: Analyze how the fall of Fort Sumter affected the relationship between the Union and the Confederacy. (369)
• March 4th 1861 Lincoln becomes president• He calls it a “rebellion” and says it is illegal.
He will use troops if necessary.• April 12th 1861 the war begins when Fort
Sumter is fired on.• Lincoln begins raising an army for war.
Because of this 4 more states join the Confederacy.
• Northerners believe it will be a quick war.
As a class read Views of the Civil War on page 372
Objective #10: Compare the advantages of the North and South (371)
Northern Advantage Southern Advantage
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-
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Objective #10: Compare the advantages of the North and South (371)
Northern Advantage Southern Advantage-85% of factories
-22 million people compared to the Conf 9 mil
- 20,000 miles of Railroads compared to 9,000
- Fighting a defensive war on home soil
- More experienced military leaders. (Robert E. Lee and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson)
The Civil War is often considered the first modern war.
The Civil War is often considered the first modern war.
The Civil War is often considered the first modern war
C.S.S HunleyTorpedo rammed into ship and detonated by the sub backing away
and tripping the wire.• It moved by the crew of 8 hand cranking it.
• It sunk one ship and then sank itself.
Because of its large manufacturing center the Union was able to produce mass quantities of
weapons.
Objective #11: What did the first battle of the Civil war prove to people in the North and South. (373-74)
• Where?
• When?
• Outcome?
• Importance?
Manassas Battlefield
Objective #11: What did the first battle of the Civil war prove to people in the North and South. (373-74)
• 1st major battle was at Manassas VA on July 21, 1861.
• Northerners thought it would be an easy victory…brought picnics.
• Confederates win a surprise victory.• This proves it will be a long bloody war.
Northerners are shocked. Southerners believe they can win the war.
• “Stonewall Jackson”
Objective # 12: Compare and contrast the military strategy of the North and South (375-76):
Northern Strategy Southern Strategy
Objective # 12: Compare and contrast the military strategy of the North and South (375-76):
Northern Strategy Southern Strategy
- Capture Richmond- Gain control of Mississippi- Set up a naval blockade of the South known as the Anaconda Plan
- Capture Washington- Invade the North to: *destroy morale *disrupt communications *win European Support
Cotton top tamarin
Objective # 13: Describe at least 4 problems that soldiers faced while fighting during the war. (376)
Objective # 13: Describe at least 4 problems that soldiers faced while fighting during the war. (376)
• Lack of food (spoiled)• Lack of clothing• Lack of weapons• Unsanitary conditions• Disease and illness • Lack of pain killers and disinfectants
– OVER 65% OF ALL DEATHS IN THE WAR WERE A RESULT OF DISEASE, INFECTION AND MALNUTRITION.
Conditions for soldiers – 65% of soldiers died from malnutrition, disease, or infection.
A Surgeon’s Job
Objective # 14: Explain why many Northerners and Southerners opposed the war. (380-81)
• Southerners– Conscription: violates states rights and
requires you to fight– Harsh living conditions in camps– Families deserted by husbands/sons– Draft exemptions for the wealthy = burden on
the poor– Farmers were paid below market value for
their goods
Objective # 14: Explain why many Northerners and Southerners opposed the war. (380-81)
• Northerners– War is too costly– Opposed the draft: forced white workers to die
for blacks who would come north and steal their jobs
– Some sympathized with the South (Copperheads)
– Lincoln suspends habeas corpus and many Copperheads are arrested w/o trial.
Objective # 15: Analyze major battles of the war.
• Use the mapping activity
Shiloh Tennessee
• Did You Know?Two future United States presidents fought at the Battle of Shiloh. Ulysses S. Grant commanded the Federal Army of the Tennessee, while James A. Garfield commanded a brigade in the Federal Army of the Ohio.
True False Review• The Supreme Court gave Dred Scott his freedom.
• The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Shiloh
• Abraham Lincoln did not really want to free the slaves.
• The Confederate States broke away because Lincoln decided to free the slaves.
• If you are in a Confederation you believe in strong state governments and a weak national government.
• Many people in both the North and South opposed the war.
• The plan to boycott all imports and exports from the confederacy was known as the Python Plan.
• The 1st major battle of the war was Bull Run.
• The Confederacy contained about 85% of all the nation’s factories.
• The president of the Confederacy was James Buchanan.
• Someone who believes in “states rights” believes that the federal government has the right to make laws that all states must follow.
Objective # 16 : Examine the Emancipation Proclamation and determine how it affected slavery
(386)
• What did it do?
• What region did it affect?
• What does Lincoln allow these freed slaves to do?
• Why did he do it?
• When does he give it?
• What symbolism is used in this cartoon?
• What is the artist’s message?
• Look at the pictures(online) and tell me some of the things that you are seeing. Do you think that this was done by a Northern or Southern artist? Why?
• Black and White
– Book under his foot
– Picture on wall
– Other picture of a man
– Holding the ink well
– Holding back the curtain
• Color
– Book his hand is on
– Document on his lap
– Hanging in the background
– Scales in background
– Other symbols in the background
• A picture of the slave riot in San Domingo hangs on the wall, signifying Volck’s predictions for the results of the Emancipation Proclamation in America
• Shows Lincoln in “cahoots” with John Brown shown as an angel in the picture on the wall
• Notice all the devils
• What book do you think his foot is on?
• His left hand is placed on a Bible that rests on a copy of the Constitution in his lap
• A bust of Lincoln's strongly Unionist predecessor Andrew Jackson sits on a mantelpiece near the window at Lincoln's right.
• A bust of another former President, James Buchanan, who was widely viewed as ineffectual against secessionism, hangs by a rope around its neck from a bookcase behind Lincoln
• The scales of justice appear in the left corner, and a railsplitter's maul lies on the floor at Lincoln's feet
The above cartoon was drawn by artist Thomas Nast and published in Harper’s Weekly on January 24,1863. He illustrates a united family of former slaves in the center of this cartoon; while on the left he depicts the inhumane realities of a slave’s life through plantation work, slave auctions that separated families and violent beatings as a form of punishment. These are then contrasted to the new ideals of emancipation on the right
What changes are slave’s expecting to gain once the Emancipation Proclamation is put into law? Base your answer on prior knowledge and the right side of the picture.
Objective 17: Describe the importance of the Battle of Antietam (386-87)
• Location?
• Why did Lee invade?
• Who Won?
• Importance? Multiple Reasons:
Confederate Dead by the Dunker Church
“If you are not going to use the army I would like to borrow them for
a while.”
It has been dug up twice to make sure it is really there.
• This is the gravesite of General Thomas "Stonewall". Stonewall Jackson spent a good portion of his life here in Lexington, Virginia and when he was passed away from pneumonia brought on by his wounding at the Battle of Chancellorsville, he was brought here back home to be buried. When he was being brought home, his body was brought through VMI where he taught before the outbreak of the war. Jackson's family is buried here with him.
Objective 18: Analyze the battle of Gettysburg and explain why it is known as the “turning point
of the war”.
What general do you think made these quotes?
• “If Southerners raise a howl against my barbarity and cruelty, I will answer that war is war, and not popularity-seeking. If they want peace they and their relatives must stop the war.”
• “We must make the old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war. We cannot change the hearts of those people of the South, but we can make war so terrible that generations would pass away before they would again appeal to it”.
Objective #19: Examine the concept of “total war” by looking at Sherman’s March to the Sea and
determine how it affects civilians.
"Men, we have fought the war together, and I have done the best I could for you."
Objective #20: Explain why the events at Appomattox Courthouse changed our country
forever.
