Chapter 11-1862 (Western Campaign) Notes

7/31/2019 Chapter 11-1862 (Western Campaign) Notes

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The Western Campaign- 1862

Purpose- capture the Tennessee and

Mississippi Rivers as per the AnacondaPlan

Commander- Brigadier General Ulysses S.

Grant


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Struggle for Control

of St. Louis Union forces could cut the Confederacy in half

and use St. Louis as a jumping off point to

Control the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers

Cut Texas off from the main body of the southern

army

Keep Kentucky in the Union

Make it difficult for Tennessee to work with its fellow

Confederate states


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Capture of Fort Henry

February 4-5, 1862 Union gunboats commanded by Flag Officer

Andrew Foote on the Tennessee River aided

Ulysses S. Grant in his siege upon this southernfortification held by Brigadier General LloydTilghman

Due to rising flood waters that damaged cannons

and gun powder, Tilghman was forced tosurrender the fort and set out for Fort Donelson

Union victory allowed for deeper penetrationinto the South via the Tennessee River


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Battle of Fort Donelson

February 1116, 1862 After the fall of Fort Henry, Grant marched his troops 12 miles to the east

to lay siege to Fort Donelson

The defense of Fort Donelson was charged to Brigadier General John B.

Floyd

2/14- Flag Officer Andrew Foote sailed down the Cumberland River to

assist Brig. General Grants invasion as ground troops surrounded the

fortification

2/15- Brigadier General John B. Floyd attempted a counterattack to open

an escape route 2/16- Brig. General Floyd and 2nd in command Brigadier General Gideon

Pillow turned over the command of the fort to Brigadier General Simon

Buckner who surrendered the fort to Union forces


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Battle of Fort Donelson

February 1116, 1862 Grant earns the nickname Unconditional

Surrender Grant after disallowing Brig.General Buckner to negotiate the terms of

a surrender

Grant earns the respect of the Union

command and is promoted to Major

General because of his victory at Fort

Donelson


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Battle of Shiloh

April 6-7, 1862 After their losses to Major General Grant at

Forts Henry and Donelson the Confederates

withdrew into west Tennessee, northern

Mississippi, and Alabama to reorganize

Ulysses S. Grant is sent to invade further south

along the Tennessee River and decided to waitat Pittsburg Landing for reinforcement by

Major General Don Carlos Buell


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Battle of Shiloh

April 6-7, 1862 4/6- Confederate generals Albert S. Johnston

and PGT Beauregard launched an offensive

against the idle Grant Confederates had achieved total surprise and the

Union army was pushed back, but not knockedout

Turning point occurred when ConfederateGeneral Johnston was killed around midday


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Battle of Shiloh

April 6-7, 1862 4/7- Don Carlos Buell (USA) arrived in

support of Grants army

Grants only advantage now was havingmore men to throw into the battle

Confederates were forced to retreat from

the battlefield under PGT Beauregardscommand


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Battle of Shiloh

April 6-7, 1862

Union victory- but very costly as

there was a total of 23,746 casualties(both USA and CSA combined)

The loss at Shiloh proved to be the

undoing of the CSA along the majorsouthern river systems


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The Battle of Corinth

April 29May 30, 1862 After the Union capture of Shiloh, commander Major General

Henry Halleck cautiously marched his troops to the vital southern

rail city of Corinth, Mississippi

Halleck entrenched after each forward movement resulting in only 5 miles of

advancement in three weeks

Confederate general PGT Beauregard announced to his men to

prepare for an attack on the advancing Union Army

The news was leaked to the Union who then prepared for a siege on the city

On the night of May 29, PGT Beauregard and his troops made theirescape by train to Tupelo, Mississippi

When the Union Army moved into Corinth the Confederates were

gone

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Chapter 11-1862 (Western Campaign) Notes