Chapter. 10.2 Roosevelt and the Square Deal Teddy Roosevelt

makes the Oval Office a respectful place to be again.

Presidents Up to This Point…. 1868-1876 Ulysses S. Grant

Spoils system

1876-1880 Rutherford B. Hayes Tried to fix spoils system, but couldn’t so he quit after 1 term

1880 James A. Garfield Wanted to create Civil Service Exam, but was shot and killed

1880 -1900 Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison William McKinley

All have a very hard time making America more Progressive.

1900 President McKinley Runs for Re-election Republican William

McKinley From Canton, Ohio Republican VP Theodore

Roosevelt

Democrat William Jennings Bryan Ran on silver standard

McKinley wins a tight election.

Teddy Takes Office

September 6, 1901 President McKinley gets

shot at the Pan-Am Exposition Shot by unemployed

laborer

At 42, Teddy Roosevelt takes office. Youngest president up to

this point

Roosevelt’s Approach to the Oval Office During Gilded Age

Politicians took a “hands off” approach to government Too busy with spoil

system

Teddy changes that Believed in the “bully

pulpit” President has the right to

speak out on issues

The United Coal Mine Workers Strike Spring 1902

150,000 coal miners went on strike Wanted higher wages

Mine owners said no!

Washington Gladden Gets petition signed by

workers that asked for Pres. Roosevelt to intervene

Teddy Roosevelt interacts with the coal mine Republicans wanted

Pres. Roosevelt to send in the army!

Roosevelt decided to arbitrate Process by which 2 sides

allow a third party to settle the dispute.

The Deal with the Coal Miners 5 weeks later

Both sides agree to a “square deal” for all Employees = higher pay Owners = did not have

to allow unions

1904 Roosevelt runs on “Square Deal” slogan Wins election in

landslide.

Roosevelt Regulates Business Roosevelt loved big

business Wanted them to behave

responsibly. Railroads Food industry

“We don’t want to destroy corporations, we wish to make them serve the public good.”

Trustbusting

1903 Roosevelt promoted railroad regulation.

Elkins Act Forbade shipping companies from accepting rebates

Rebates = money given to company for business

Hepburn Act Set railroad rates Regulated pipelines and ferries used for interstate

commerce

Practices of Food and Drug Companies 1900 Food companies

Scientists were adding substances to food to make it look healthy Formaldehyde was

added to old eggs to take away odor

Skim milk churned with spoiled butter to make it look new.

1900 Drug Companies Sold worthless medicines

that had drugs in them like Cocaine morphine

Protecting the Consumer

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Explosive novel that

depicted the unsanitary conditions of a meatpacking industry.

“We saw meat shoveled from filthy floors, piled on tables, and then packaged”

1906 Congress makes 2 laws to protect the consumer Meat Inspection Act

Required federal government inspection of meat shipped across state lines.

Pure Food and Drug Act Forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation

of food containing harmful ingredients. Food must also carry ingredient labels

Protecting the Environment

Gifford Pinchot Strong conservationist who was friend of

Roosevelt

Conservation = protection of natural environment

1902 Roosevelt passes Newlands Reclamation Act Reclamation

The process of making damaged land productive again

1916 National Park Service

Manages over 380 sites throughout US 80 million acres of land

280 million people visit national parks annually

1908 Presidential Election

Republican William Howard Taft (Ohio) Supported by Roosevelt

Believed Taft was just like him.

Democrats elect W.J. Bryan again….

Taft wins!

1910 Mann-Elkins Act

Taft extends the powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission to cover Telephones Telegraph companies

16th Amendment

Taft gets Congress to pass the 16th Amendment Permitted Congress to

levy taxes based on an individual’s income. Based on graduated

income tax Allowed government to

raise even more money

Taft Angers Roosevelt

Taft approved the sale of Alaskan timberland to a business for profit Teddy Roosevelt finds

out while on safari in Africa.

Roosevelt decides to run again for President!

Roosevelt campaigns in 1912 for President While campaigning,

he gets shot during a speech

Finishes speech with bullet lodged in his chest!

Election of 1912

Republican President Taft

Progressive Party Roosevelt

Made of republicans who support TR

Aka “Bull Moose Party”

Democrat Woodrow Wilson

Socialist Eugene V. Debs

Wilson Wins in landslide!

Ran on the New Freedom platform Made proposals to help

small businesses Help get rid of big

business