CHAPTERCHAPTER 1010

THE CELL THE CELL CYCLECYCLE

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/graphics/cell_cycle_animation.gif

CELL GROWTHCELL GROWTHA LIVING THING GROWS BECAUSE IT PRODUCES MORE AND MORE CELLS

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit6/genetics/DNA/DNArep/images/interphase1_pc.jpg

CELL GROWTHCELL GROWTH SURFACE AREA OF A CELL DETERMINES HOW LARGE IT CAN GROW

–Surface area is critical for passage of food, oxygen, and water entering and leaving the cell

*** to solve the problem of getting too large, the CELL DIVIDES

http://www.mesoblast.com/images/images-mesoblast_cell_division_still.jpg

RATES OF CELL GROWTHRATES OF CELL GROWTHCELLS CAN GROW AT ASTONISHING RATES UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS, BUT REAL CONDITIONS ARE FAR FROM IDEAL

CONTROLS ON CELL CONTROLS ON CELL GROWTHGROWTH

Depends on function

http://biounder.kaist.ac.kr/~shy821/images/skin2stem_630x.jpg

•Depends on food, crowding, conditions in surrounding area.

•If injury occurs (cells will grow rapidly at the site)

http://www.burn-recovery.org/images/burn-classification.jpg

•Consequences of uncontrolled cell growth are severe.

http://www.upmccancercenters.com/images/prostate/image7_sm.gif

•Cancer cells have lost their ability to control their growth rate.

Breast cancer cells

http://ashoutinthestreet.files.wordpress.co

m/2009/06/breastcancercells.jpg

Definitions

CELL DIVISION -

The process whereby the cell divides into 2 daughter cells

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7XmD8w1yTeY/R4Cy_XjDNjI/AAAAAAAAABk/P7fx2NiM-zM/s320/cytokin.gif

MITOSIS – process by which the nucleus of a cell is divided into 2 nuclei; occurs in somatic (body) cells; produces diploid cells

Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid – a cell that contains both sets of

homologous chromosomes (two sets); represented by the symbol 2N – Found in somatic or body cells (ex. Skin,

digestive tract)– Example : Humans – 2N = 46

Haploid – a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes (one set); represented by the symbol N or 1N– Found in gametes or sex cells – sperm & egg– Example: Humans – N = 23

CHROMOSOMES – Structures in the cell that contain the genetic information that is passed on from one generation of cells to the next

http://www.stanford.edu/group/pandegroup/folding/education/GAH/chromosomes.jpg

CHROMATIN – The material of which chromosomes are made

http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/upload/7/79/Chromatin_chromosome.png

CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMESTHE CELLS OF EVERY ORGANISM CONTAIN A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMEShttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7XmD8w1yTeY/R4Cm2HjDNZI/AAAAAAAAAAU/1vRUnLLuwFg/s320/

chromosome_chromatid_split.jpg

HUMANS HAVE 23 PAIR OR 46 CHROMOSOMES

http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2355/M150_2_014i.jpg

THE CELL CYCLETHE CELL CYCLEInterphase --> MADE UP OF 3 PARTS – preparing to divide

Mitosis --> MADE UP OF 4 PARTS - the division of the nucleus

http://www.sciencecentric.com/images/news/mitosis_300_364.jpg

Cytokinesis --> MADE UP OF 1 PART

division of the cytoplasm

http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_01_img0100.jpg

INTERPHASEINTERPHASEA. GAP 1 (G1) Cellular growth and development takes place

B.DNA SYNTHESIS (S) DNA is replicated

C. GAP 2 (G2) Synthesis of Organelles

PHASES OF PHASES OF MITOSISMITOSIS

PHASES OF PHASES OF MITOSISMITOSISA. PROPHASE–Centrioles separate from each other and move to the poles

–Nuclear Envelope breaks down and Nucleolus disappears

–CHROMATIN COILS UP AND BECOMES VISIBLE AS CHROMOSOMES

–Chromosomes become attached to the Spindle Fibers at the centromere

B. METAPHASEChromosomes line up across the equator (middle) of the cell

CENTRIOLES

SPINDLE

FIBERS

CHROMOSOMES

C. ANAPHASE CENTROMERES SPLIT

CAUSING THE CENTER CHROMATIDS TO SEPARATE, BECOMING INDIVIDUAL CHROMOSOMES

Continue to move in 2 groups near the poles

D. TELOPHASEOpposite of Prophase–Chromosomes uncoil into a tangle of chromatin

Nuclear Envelope reforms around chromatin

Nucleolus becomes visible again

CYTOKINESISCYTOKINESISDivision of the cytoplasm into the 2 daughter cells

SHORTCUT TO REMEMBERSHORTCUT TO REMEMBERTHE CELL CYCLETHE CELL CYCLE

I nterphase P rophase M etaphase A naphase T elophase C ytokinesis

I Passed Math At Tom Clark

Animation of Mitosis

http://www.loci.wisc.edu/outreach/bioclips/CDBio.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlN7K1-9QB0