Chapter 10

Space

Exploration

What you will learn?

• Describe the developments in the field of astronomy .

• Describe the developments in space exploration.

What is astronomy ?- Study of objects in Universe such Sun, Moon,

planets, stars and galaxies. Why we spent so much $$ and time to study it?- Contribution on telecommunication, navigation,

military, weather forecast…- Be curious, want to know more, improvement…- Don’t want and lazy to study it… how?Then no:

History – not much, no worry Astronomer Year Contribution

Aristotle 384 – 322 B.C

- Suggested that the Earth was spherical and not flat.

Nicholas Copernicus

1473 -1543 -The first astronomer to suggest that the Sun was the centre of the Solar System.-Stated that each planet had its own orbit and that the orbits were circular.

Galileo 1564 - 1642 - First person used telescope to observe: sunspot, 4 moons orbiting Jupiter, Milky way.

Newton 1642 - 1727 - Law of gravity- Planets remaining in their respective orbits, pulls by gravity.

Albert Einstein

1879 - 1955 - Introduced idea of time, space and energy being related.

Development in Space explorationYear Events

1957 Sputnik I, the first man-made satellite to orbit the Earth is launched by Russia.

1958 Explorer I, the first United States satellite in orbit.

1961 Yuri A Gagarin, Russian the first man in space. He orbits the Earth.

1971 The first space station was launched by Russian.

1973 Skylab, a space station was launched by United States.

1981 First space shuttles have been used to carry astronauts

Space station: stay in space for longer time and do scientific work

Space shuttles: Repair damaged satellites and do research in space. Can return to Earth and use for few times. Rocket only use for one time.

Type of satelliteCommunication: radio, telephone, internetWeather: Monitor weather, forecast: typhoon, tsunami.Navigation: Guide ships and aircraft direction.Military: Improve security and defence. Use Global positioning system (GPS) – search and rescue.Environmental: Survey world’s resources e.g forests.

Remote sensing: capture data and image to study conditions on Earth from space

PassiveRecords the reflection of sun’s radiation by various surface on Earth.

ActiveSend signals to Earth and measure the amount of signal’s reflection

Use for:GeologyAgricultureForestryDisaster ManagementSecurity

End of Chapter 10