17
Communication Climates Hoffman SP 2016 – COM 125

chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Communication ClimatesHoffmanSP 2016 – COM 125

Page 2: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Climate of CommunicationCommunication ClimateRefers to the emotional tone of a relationship

Levels of Message ConfirmationConfirming communicationDescribes messages that convey valuing

Disconfirming CommunicationDescribes messages that show a lack of regard

Page 3: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Disconfirming

Disconfirming MessagesImpervious ResponsesDoesn’t acknowledge the other person’s

messageInterruptingBeginning to speak before the other

person has finishedIrrelevant ResponsesA comment unrelated to what the other

person has just said (i.e., Red Herring)

Page 4: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

DisconfirmingDisconfirming Messages

Tangential Responses

Impersonal Responses

Ambiguous Responses

Incongruous Responses

Contains two messages that deny or contradict each other

Disconfirming MessagesImpervious Responses

Doesn’t acknowledge the other person’s message

InterruptingBeginning to speak before the other person has finished

Irrelevant ResponsesA comment unrelated to what the other person has just said (i.e., Red Herring)

Page 5: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

DisagreeingDisagreeing Messages Aggressiveness

Complaining

Argumentativeness

Page 6: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Confirming

Messages

Recognition

Acknowledgement

Endorsement

Page 7: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc
Page 8: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

How Communication Climates Develop

When two people start to communicate, a relational climate begins to developVerbal and nonverbal communication can be climate-shaping

After a climate is formed, it can take on a life of its own and become a self-perpetuating spiral

Page 9: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

SpiralsA reciprocating communication pattern in which each person’s message reinforces the othersEscalatory conflict spiralsDe-escalatory conflict spiralsRarely go on indefinitelyMost relationships pass through cycles

of progression and regression

Page 10: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Face & Gibbs TypesFace-Threatening Acts

Messages that seem to challenge the image we want to project

Defensiveness becomes the process of protecting our presenting self, our face

Preventing Defensiveness in Others Jack Gibb isolated six types of defense-arousing

communication and six contrasting behaviors

Page 11: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Gibbs Categories

Gibb Categories

Evaluation versus Description

Control versus Problem OrientationStrategy versus Spontaneity

Neutrality versus Empathy

Superiority versus Equality

Certainty versus Provisionalism

Evaluation: You don’t know what you’re talking about!

Description: I don’t see how you came to that idea

Strategy: I’m moving on Friday. What are you doing after work that day?

Spontaneity: I have to move on Friday. Could you stop by and help after work?

Page 12: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Saving FaceThe Assertive Message FormatThe five parts of the assertive

messageBehaviorInterpretationFeelingConsequenceIntention

BehaviorDescribes the raw material to which you reactDescription should be objective

InterpretationDescribes the meaning you’ve attached to the other person’s behaviorImportant to realize is that interpretations are subjectiveProblems occur when sender fails to describe behavior on which interpretation is based

FeelingAdds a new dimension to a messageSome statements seem as if they’re expressing feeling but are actually expressing interpretations or statements of intention

The Assertive Message FormatConsequence

Explains what happens as a result of the situation you’ve described

What happens to you, the speakerWhat happens to the person you’re addressingWhat happens to others

ValuableHelp you understand more clearlyCan be sure you or your message leaves nothing to listener’s imagination

Page 13: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Assertive FormatUsing the Assertive Message

Format The elements may be delivered in

mixed order Word the message to suit your

personal style When appropriate, combine two

elements in a single phrase Take your time delivering the

message

Responding Nondefensively to CriticismSeek more information

Ask for specifics Guess about

specifics Paraphrase the

speaker’s ideas Ask what the

critic wants Ask about the

consequences of your behavior

Ask what else is wrong

Where you stand on an issue

Requests of others

Descriptions of how you plan to act in the future

Page 14: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Friendship Communication

Page 15: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Friendship –

the interpersonal relationship between two interdependent people that is mutually productive and characterized by mutual positive regard.

“Personalistic focus” –

react to each other as complete persons, as unique, genuine, and irreplaceable individuals.

Must be mutually productive.

Must be characterized by mutual positive regard.

Page 16: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Needs in FriendshipsUtility – someone with special skills

who can help you.Affirmation – someone who helps

you recognize your attributes.Ego-support – someone who

behaves supportively.Stimulation – someone who

introduces you to new ideas.Security – someone who does

nothing to hurt you.

Page 17: chapter 10 slides com 125 rrcc

Friendship TypesReciprocity – the ideal type, characterized by

loyalty, self-sacrifice, mutual affection, and generosity. Based on equality.

Receptivity – an imbalance in giving and receiving with both gaining; a difference in status is essential.

Association – transitory, cordial but not intense.

Friendships include dynamic tensions between being open and protecting the self. Friendships are major reason for Internet communication.