Chapter 10 Road to Revolution1825-1835

• During the 1800s thousands of American immigrants came to Texas.

• As they did, conflict with the Mexican government developed.

• By the mid 1830s, that conflict had led some to believe that they should go to war for their independence.

Chapter 10 The Road to Revolution

Settlers in East Texas get to keep land

Fredonian Rebellion• Haden Edwards (empresario with

contract to settle 800 families near Nacogdoches.

• Demanded that people pay him fees for land they had already purchased (old settler families who had been living on the land for more than 100 years.)

• Mexican government canceled his contract.

• Edwards, his brother Benjamin, and some Cherokees declared the colony independent and planned to establish the Republic of Fredonia.

• SFA supported the Mexican government.

• Revolt collapsed when Mexican troops arrived from San Antonio.

Old Stone Fort• Headquarters of

Fredonia Rebellion• Built in 1779 in

Nacogdoches by Antonio Gil Ybardo

• Never actually used as a fort

• Demolished in 1902• Rebuilt 1936 on

campus of SFA University (called Stone Fort Museum)

Law of April 6, 1830

Mier y TeranInspection

Tour

• He reported that Mexican influence decreased as you moved north and east in TX.

• Noted that Anglos outnumbered Tejanos 10 to 1 around Nacogdoches.

law written by Centralists

• Banned immigration from the U.S.

• Suspended unfulfilled empresario contracts.

• Made it illegal for settlers to bring more slaves into TX.

• Encouraged the immigration of Mexican and European families with generous land grants and financial assistance.

• Set up new forts.• Placed taxes called customs duties

on goods made in foreign nations (U.S.)

Conflict at Anahuac

Law of April 6, 1830

• Commander: John (Juan) Davis Bradburn

o Disbanded the government for the town of Liberty.

o Used colonists’ slaves • George Fisher demanded all shippers pay

their customs duties in Anahuac.• Bradburn arrested two lawyers: William B. Travis & Patrick C. Jack

• John Austin and Texans leave to get a cannon.

• Texans write Turtle Bayou Resolutions:o Declared their loyalty to Mexicoo Supporting Santa Anna as President in

Mexico.• Travis & Jack released (by Col. Piedras and

Bradburn removed from command)• Battle of Velasco:

o At Brazos River, Col. Ugartechea would not let Texans pass with the cannons.

o Battle lasted 3 days and Texans won when Mexicans ran out of ammunition.

Conflict at Anahuac

Conventions of 1832 & 1833

Election of Santa Anna as President of

Mexico

• President of Convention: Stephen F. Austin

• The leaders in San Antonio refused to participate.

• The Convention resolved (asked) Mexico:o to allow immigration from the

U.S.,o that Texas become a state

separate from Coahuila, o that customs duties be

removed for 3 years, ando for land for public schools.

• Sam Houston, a delegate at the Convention of 1833, just arrived in Texas from Tennessee.

• 1833: Delegates write Constitution for TX as a state separate from Coahuila.

Why did the Texans support the election of Santa Anna?

Promised to restore Constitution of 1824

Santa Anna’s Government

SFA takes proposals to Mexico

City

• Santa Anna’s government is not well organized.

• Santa Anna is out of town due to cholera epidemic.

• SFA writes a letter to Mexican authorities in San Antonio urging them to form their own government (separate from Coahuila).

• Santa Anna agrees to allow immigration from the United States and to lower taxes on U.S. imports.

• Santa Anna does not agree to make Texas a state separate from Coahuila.

Austin in Prison

SFAArrested

• Placed in prison for 1 year. (Mexico City, no trial given)

• Released on bail on Christmas Day in 1834.

• Given complete freedom on July 11, 1835 after being away from his colony for 2 years and 4 months.

Mexican officials thought he was challenging Mexican authority.

Trouble at Anahuac II

Andrew Briscoe is arrested

• Texans forced Captain Tenorio (commander at Anahuac) to surrender. Many Texans in Anahuac believed that they were paying a greater share of taxes than people in other port towns.

• Leaders at San Felipe write a letter of apology to General Cos.

o Commander of military forces in TXo Brother-in-law of Santa Anna

• Cos demands the arrest of Texans, including William B. Travis and Lorenzo de Zavala.

• Santa Anna violated his pledge to restore the Constitution of 1824 (Federalist Constitution) and created a Centralist government.

Briscoe loaded a ship to make it look like he was smuggling in goods from the U.S. without paying the import taxes.

Consultation

Texans call for

Consultation

• Meeting scheduled to discuss Cos’s demands.

• Peace Faction feared the Consultation would cause trouble and wanted to maintain peaceful relations with Mexico.

• War Faction favored having the meeting even if it means going to war (many wanted to declare independence).

SFA Returns to Texas

Austin arrives back in Texas

• Austin gives his support to the Consultation and the War Faction.

• Austin urged the Texans to unite against Santa Anna.

Austin warned that Texans had no choice but to go to war “There is no other remedy but to defend our rights, ourselves, and our country by force of arms.”