Chapter 10: Population Dynamics

13

A B

C D

Age Structure

Metapopulation

Dispersal

Survivorship

Nt = Noert

E) Population Growth

Exponential Growth Logistic Growth

1 2

Extreme Population Growth I

3

ZEBRA MUSSELNative to the Streams of Southern Russia

4

Zebra Mussel DistributionFirst Detected in US 1988

Reasons? Consequences?

Extreme Population Growth II

1

Sea Lamprey Invasion

Sea Lamprey Invasion(First Noted in Great Lakes in 1830s)

Erie CanalWeiland Canal

Lamprey and Lake Trout Populations

http://www.nature.com/nchembio/journal/v1/n6/images/nchembio1105-316-F1.gif

Lampricides

Other Invasive Species in North America

“Rock Snot”

Diatom Didymospehnia geminata Eurasian Collared Dove

Other Invasive Species in North America

Africanized Honeybee Salt Cedar (Tamarix sp.)

5Chinch Bug (Blissus leucopterus)

Extreme Population Growth III(Native Species)

6

Fig. 14-10 in Ricklefs 2000

Populations are Dynamic!!

7 What factors contribute to changing population size?

Nt+1 = Nt + B + I - D - E

Factors that Influence Population Size

Rates of Population Change

Estimating Rates of Population Change: Nt

N

t

=dN f (b, d, i, e)dt

Quantifying Rates of Population Change (dN / dt)

8

9b

d

Quantifying Rates of Population Change (dN / dt)

10

Quantifying Rates of Population Change (dN / dt)

i

e

Fig. 10.2 in Molles 2008

“The Wild, Wacky World of Dispersal”

Dispersal: Animal Vectors

4

5

5

Dispersal: Explosive7

Zygomycete Fungus: Pilobolus

8

Measuring Dispersal Rates22

23

24

2

Measuring Dispersal Rates26

27

28

Measuring Dispersal Rates

1112

Dispersal: Natal

Fig. 10.3 in Molles 2006

Dispersal: Natal

Eurasian Collared Dove:Spread into Europe from Turkey after 1900

10

11 12

Dispersal: Natal

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

13Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)

14

Dispersal in Response to Climate Change

North America (~ 20,000 Years Ago)

Fig. 10.8 in Molles 2008

Dispersal in Response to Climate Change

Voles (Microtis sp.)European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

DISPERSAL: Response to Short-Term Changes in Food Abundance

Fig. 10.7 in Molles 2006

NUMERICAL RESPONSEChange in Predator Population Density In Response to Prey Population Density

Dispersal: Drift

Fremont Cottonwood

Fig. 10.8 in Molles 2008 Nerita latissima

Pacific Ocean

Dispersal: Drift Why aren’t Populations Depleted?

Fig. 10.9 in Molles 2008

Rio Claro River (Costa Rica)

Pacific Ocean

Upstream Movement:Migrating and Stationary Populations

Fig. 10.9 in Molles 2008

Rio Claro River (Costa Rica)

Pacific Ocean

Nerita latissima

Colonization Cycle

Expanding Populations(Anthropogenic Factors)

12

European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

European Honeybee

African Honeybee Queen

Hybrid: Africanized Honey Bee

Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)

Apis melifera

Fig. 10.1 in Molles 2008

Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)

Africanized Honey Bee

Green Alga Pest: Caulerpa

Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)

Jacques Cousteau Institute (Monaco)

Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)

Expanding Populations: Anthropogenic Factors

2Eurasian Collared Dove:

Introduction into Bahamas: mid-1970s

Fig. 10.5 in Molles 2006

Rates of Expansion

Voles (Microtis sp.)European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

DISPERSAL: Response to Short-Term Changes in Food Abundance

Fig. 10.7 in Molles 2006

NUMERICAL RESPONSEChange in Predator Population Density In Response to Prey Population Density

Voles (Microtis sp.)

European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)

1516

Increased Reproduction Increased Dispersal

NUMERICAL RESPONSE MECHANISM:

OR

18

Metapopulation

19

(Subpopulations living on Habitat Patches connected by Exchange of Individuals among Patches)

Rocky Mountain Parnassian Butterfly(Parnassius smintheus)

20

18

Alpine Meadow Habitat

Patch Size and Population Density

22

Fig. 10.11 in Molles 2008

(Butteflies More Likely to Disperse from Large than Small Patches)

(Patch Size has Decreased by 77% since 1952)

Metapopulations and Conservation Management

1 http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/petromyzon_marinus5.JPG

2 http://flickr.com/photos/clbrannan/434745581/&usg=__TO6bcIHgjW65pqa XDwW_0acrf2Y=&h=375&w=500&sz=95&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=ohqI0mQF-Py3IM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dturtle%2Bnotched%2Bshell%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG

3 http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~mmfuller/WebDocs/HTMLfiles/collared-dove.html&usg=__TAlqcRFEO2Ln-BJiQeXqY7S6q-w=&h=629&w=579&sz=140&hl=en&start=29&um=1&tbnid=-4in4-eY61RRpM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deurasian%2Bcollared%2Bdistribution%2Bunited%2Bstates%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN

4 http://parish-wildlife.org.uk/images/Pictures/Visits/Bealsmill/fox%20poo.jpg

5 http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/common_burdock_seed.jpg

6 http://www.finchester.org/dogs/dog_diary/uploaded_images/CRW_3865BurInFur_cn-797464.jpg

7 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/31-08-Pilobolus.jpg

8 http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/images/Topics/Animal_Interactions/ Pilobolus2.jpg

9 http://fungalgenomes.org/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2008/09/pone-03-09-moneycut.jpg

10 http://www.hamiltonnature.org/birds/images/CollaredDove1.jpg

11 http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3122/3122330699_0bb43a42c0.jpg

12 http://www.le.ac.uk/ge/genie/vgec/images/bacteria.jpg

13 http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42906000/jpg/_42906379_6.jpg