Chapter 10: Launching the Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of StateNew Ship of State

PowerPoint Slides for PowerPoint Slides for The The American Pageant, 12American Pageant, 12thth Edition Edition Constructed by Mr. FrecciaConstructed by Mr. Freccia

Why Bill of Rights?Why Bill of Rights? All thirteen states had to ratify the All thirteen states had to ratify the

ConstitutionConstitution Nine states needed to “reset” the Nine states needed to “reset” the

country, canceling out the Articles of country, canceling out the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Conservative document that Conservative document that prevented the “mob” from prevented the “mob” from controlling government controlling government

Was a surprise to the publicWas a surprise to the public

Anti-Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists vs. FederalistsFederalists

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists States’ rightsStates’ rights Backcountry Backcountry

dwellersdwellers Small farmersSmall farmers DebtorsDebtors S. Adams, P. Henry, S. Adams, P. Henry,

Richard Henry LeeRichard Henry Lee

FederalistsFederalists Strong federal gov.Strong federal gov. Seaboard dwellersSeaboard dwellers Wealthy and better Wealthy and better

educatededucated Controlled the Controlled the

press (press (The The Federalist PapersFederalist Papers))

G. Washington, B. G. Washington, B. Franklin, Franklin, MadisonMadison, , HamiltonHamilton, , JayJay

Election of Election of 17891789 Electors cast two Electors cast two

votes for Presidentvotes for President Each elector selected Each elector selected

Washington w/ at Washington w/ at least oneleast one

NC and RI hadn’t NC and RI hadn’t ratified the ratified the ConstitutionConstitution

NY had problems NY had problems deciding how electors deciding how electors would be chosenwould be chosen

Executive Branch (1789-Executive Branch (1789-1796)1796)

Jo h n A da m sV ice -P res ide n t

T h om as Je ffe rs onS e cre ta ry o f S ta te

A lexan de r H am iltonS e cre ta ry o f th e T re a su ry

H e nry K n oxS e cre ta ry o f W ar

G e org e W a sh ing tonP res ide n t

• Cabinet not outlined in the Constitution – a “Washington Invention”

• John Jay named 1st Chief Justice of the five member Supreme Court

Congress at work…Congress at work… James Madison sought to James Madison sought to

protect the Constitution and protect the Constitution and win over “the anti-Feds” win over “the anti-Feds”

What he develops becomes known as What he develops becomes known as the Bill of Rights (he is the “father of”)the Bill of Rights (he is the “father of”)

One of the first acts done by the new One of the first acts done by the new Federal GovernmentFederal Government

Judiciary Act (1789) organizes the Judiciary Act (1789) organizes the Supreme CourtSupreme Court

Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton Not a “natural” citizen (born in Not a “natural” citizen (born in

the Caribbean)the Caribbean) Federalist / aide to Wash in ARFederalist / aide to Wash in AR Arch rival: JeffersonArch rival: Jefferson ““Father of the National Debt”Father of the National Debt” Assumption fight and Assumption fight and

compromisecompromise Debt was a “national blessing” Debt was a “national blessing” Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States

National Debt structureNational Debt structureDebt owed to ForeignersDebt owed to Foreigners

$11,710,000$11,710,000Federal DebtFederal Debt$42,414,000$42,414,000State DebtState Debt

$21,500,000$21,500,000Miscellaneous Revenue

Customs Duties (tariffs)

Excise Revenue (Whiskey, etc.)

Whiskey Rebellion (1794)Whiskey Rebellion (1794) PA farmers not happy with tariffPA farmers not happy with tariff Launch an “insurrection”Launch an “insurrection” Washington personally leads militia Washington personally leads militia

into PA to restore order (direct into PA to restore order (direct opposite of Shay’s Rebellion)opposite of Shay’s Rebellion)

Represents peaceful dialogue over Represents peaceful dialogue over violence in order to change policyviolence in order to change policy

What caused parties to What caused parties to form?form?

Political RivalriesPolitical RivalriesDemocrat-Democrat-RepublicansRepublicans

States rights (local)States rights (local) Strict construction Strict construction

viewview Agriculture basedAgriculture based Rule of the peopleRule of the people Backed Backed FranceFrance Support in S and WSupport in S and W Jefferson and Madison Jefferson and Madison

key supporterskey supporters

FederalistsFederalists Federal rightsFederal rights Loose construction viewLoose construction view Industrial based Industrial based Avoid “mob” rule / elitesAvoid “mob” rule / elites Backed Backed EnglandEngland Support in NESupport in NE J. Adams and Hamilton J. Adams and Hamilton

key supporterskey supporters

Washington’s Farewell Washington’s Farewell AddressAddress

Beware of entangling alliances…

…because they will get us involved in other

people’s wars.

Rating the PresidentsRating the Presidents More notable American More notable American

rather than Presidentrather than President Extremely popular at the Extremely popular at the

timetime Sets the bar for what a Sets the bar for what a

Pres. doesPres. does Foreign policy of Foreign policy of

neutralityneutrality Prevents a “backslide” of Prevents a “backslide” of

revolutionary idealsrevolutionary ideals

Election of Election of 17961796

President and V.P. President and V.P. come from different come from different parties for 1parties for 1stst time time

MD split the vote MD split the vote between the twobetween the two

Other candidates vote Other candidates vote count not depictedcount not depicted

President John AdamsPresident John Adams Jay’s Treaty with England Jay’s Treaty with England

angers D-R and France.angers D-R and France. Adams not well liked and comes to Adams not well liked and comes to

power in a very close, bitter electionpower in a very close, bitter election Stuck between neo-Federalists led by Stuck between neo-Federalists led by

Hamilton (not pro-British enough) and Hamilton (not pro-British enough) and Jefferson’s D-R (anti-British)Jefferson’s D-R (anti-British)

France reacts by seizing American France reacts by seizing American vessels at sea (300 by 1797)vessels at sea (300 by 1797)

Quasi-War w/ France (1798-Quasi-War w/ France (1798-1800)1800)

John Marshall is sent to France to John Marshall is sent to France to negotiate w/ Talleyrandnegotiate w/ Talleyrand

Quasi-War brought to you Quasi-War brought to you by the letters X, Y, and Zby the letters X, Y, and Z

They ask for a $250,000 bribe just to They ask for a $250,000 bribe just to talk to Talleyrandtalk to Talleyrand

Marshall refuses and returns to Marshall refuses and returns to AmericaAmerica

““Millions for defense, but not one cent Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”for tribute”

Adams avoids war by appealing to Adams avoids war by appealing to new French ruler Napoleonnew French ruler Napoleon

Convention of 1800 = “divorce” w/ Fr.Convention of 1800 = “divorce” w/ Fr.

Alien and Sedition ActsAlien and Sedition Acts Federalists during war fervor pass laws Federalists during war fervor pass laws

to silence the opposition (D-R)to silence the opposition (D-R) Alien ActAlien Act

Naturalization from 5 to 14 yrsNaturalization from 5 to 14 yrs President can jail or deport in time of warPresident can jail or deport in time of war

Sedition ActSedition Act Impeding policies of the government = jailImpeding policies of the government = jail Attacking officials in press = jail and fineAttacking officials in press = jail and fine

Virginia and Kentucky Virginia and Kentucky ResolutionsResolutions

Reaction to the Alien and Sedition Reaction to the Alien and Sedition ActsActs

Jefferson writes for KentuckyJefferson writes for Kentucky Madison writes for VirginiaMadison writes for Virginia Develops the idea of “nullification”Develops the idea of “nullification”

The States have the right to ignore laws The States have the right to ignore laws that the Federal Government “oversteps that the Federal Government “oversteps it’s authority on”it’s authority on”

Constitutional issues were later a right Constitutional issues were later a right the Supreme Court “adopts” in 1803.the Supreme Court “adopts” in 1803.

Rating the PresidentsRating the Presidents More notable American More notable American

rather than Presidentrather than President Extremely disliked at the Extremely disliked at the

time / abrasive personalitytime / abrasive personality Doesn’t get caught up in Doesn’t get caught up in

war fever and does what war fever and does what was best for the countrywas best for the country

Splits his party and loses Splits his party and loses in close election to in close election to JeffersonJefferson