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THE BILL OF RIGHTS
Chapter 10
THE FIRST TEN AMENDMENTS
PROTECTION FROM GOVERNMENT POWER John Hancock promised that the new
Congress’s first job would be to add a bill of rights to the Constitution
The bill of rights was added to protect Americans from abuses of government power
RATIFICATION When the Constitution was approved, the
agreement was based upon ratification (or amend) the original document
9 out of 13 states agreed to adopt the Constitution upon this ratification
When the convention met in 1788, they agreed that “Rights of the People” must be added
THE FIRST GOVERNMENT
In 1789, the first presidential election took place as George Washington was elected President and John Adams was elected Vice-President
James Madison was also known as the “Father of the Constitution”
CREATING THE BILL OF RIGHTS
By 1791, 9 out of 10 states had approved 10 amendments
These 10 amendments became known as the Bill of Rights
These “paper barriers” have protected people from the abuses of government for over 200 years and were far stronger than Madison could have ever hoped.
THE FIRST AMENDMENT
Madison combined basic freedoms into the First Amendment, including the freedom of:
ReligionSpeechPressAssemblyRight to Petition
Government
VIOLATION OF AMENDMENT RIGHTS
If a person believes that the gov’t has violated any of these rights, they may challenge the gov’t in court.
If a case reaches the Supreme Court, 9 out of 10 justices must decide how the Constitution applies to the situation.
RIGHT TO WORSHIP The first right to religious freedom
includes: 1.) Congress cannot declare any religion a national religion of the US 2.) It also cannot make laws to favor any religion over anotherThese were created, in Jefferson’s words, to build a “wall of separation between church and state”
RIGHT TO WORSHIP (CON’T)
The second right to religious freedom is that Congress can make no law to prohibit people from believing, or not believing. People are free to choose their religious preferences without fear of punishment
FREEDOM OF SPEECH Freedom of speech protects the rights
of individuals to speak freely in public places
Speech (also known as “expression”) includes symbolic speech or actions to express their opinions
The court does impose limits on types of speech, including that which can be harmful or deemed offensive or disagreeable.
FREEDOM OF SPEECH
FREEDOM OF PRESS Freedom of press includes: newspapers
magazinesbookstelevision/moviesinternetother communication media
The purpose of freedom of press isn’t to protect “free thought for those who agree with us, but freedom for the thought that we hate.”
RIGHT TO ASSEMBLE & PETITION
The final two rights protected in the first amendment are:
The right to peacefully assemble(gather together with others, protest)
The right to petition (or appeal) the government
WHAT IF A PROTEST IS UNPEACEFUL?
Police can arrest a speaker or protestor who urges others to be violent or break the law
Anyone who riots or damages public property can be arrested and fined
Protestors cannot close streets or buildings
END OF FIRST AMENDMENT!
Complete worksheet on First Amendment!
THE SECOND AMENDMENT
The Right to Bear ArmsThe meaning of this amendment is highly debated as to differing opinions
1.) The right to own guns *only*if you are in an organized militia 2.) The right to own weapons for their own self defense
THE THIRD AMENDMENT “No soldier shall…be quartered
[housed] in any house, without the consent of the owner.”
This amendment was created to protect the privacy of people’s homes, and to prohibit what the British did by demanding soldiers to be taken in and cared for by the owners.
THE FOURTH AMENDMENT
Searches & Seizures
Seizure – the act of forcibly taking control of a person or property
Before arresting or searching a person’s home, the police must get a warrant from a judge, proving there is good reason to search that person’s home or property.
END OF AMENDMENTS TWO THROUGH FOUR
AssignmentDraw a picture that relates to each amendment (2-4) and write that amendment at the top of each picture. Picture must (be):
ColoredApply to the AmendmentAt least a half page in size
LEGAL RIGHTSAMENDMENTS 5-8
The next four amendments lay out of the rights and protections that apply to people who are accused of crimes or are involved in other legal disbutes
THE FIFTH AMENDMENT
Legal Rights:1.) Right to a trial by jury2.) Cannot be tried for the same crime
twice if found not guilty3.) Police cannot force anyone to say
things that might be used against them (self-incrimination)
4.) Police must remind people of their right to be silent before questioning them (“Miranda Rights”)
**In court, defendants do not have to take the witness stand**
FIFTH AMENDMENT (CON’T)
5.) A person must be given due process of law in all
circumstances(follow rules and act reasonably)
6.) A person must be given compensation if their property is taken over
Ex.) A company buys part of someone’s property to build a road or building
THE SIXTH AMENDMENTCriminal Trial Rights:
1.) A speedy trial 2.) A public trial3.) Trial by jury4.) The accused must be informed of the
charges against them5.) A defendant has the right to hear and question all witnesses that testify in a
trial6.) A defendant has the right to an attorney
to assist them with their defense
THE SEVENTH AMENDMENTCivil Trial Rights
Not all trials involve criminal actions. Some trials involve civil matters such as:
1.) Money2.) Property3.) Family Matters4.) Divorce
THE EIGHTH AMENDMENT
Bail and PunishmentBefore trials, it protects from excessive bailAfter trials it protects from:
1.) Excessive fines2.) Cruel and Unusual punishment (meaning inhumane conditions)
GREGG VS. GEORGIA Upon arguments about the death
penalty, the Supreme Court ruled it was constitutional to put someone to death for a crime, and did not violate the Eighth Amendment
There are still advocates today that argue their opinions on the death penalty
END OF AMENDMENTS 5-8 ON LEGAL ISSUES
AssignmentWrite a persuasive essay on the death penalty and your opinions on whether or not you agree with it. It must be grammatically correct, of sound reasoning, and at least 2 FULL pages
THE NINTH AMENDMENT This amendment states that just
because some rights are not listed, doesn’t mean that they aren’t there.
Ex.) The right to privacy
THE TENTH AMENDMENT
Power to the States
Powers not given to the national government by the Constitution are
“reserved to the states…or to the people”.
When state and national governments conflict, the national government is supreme
CONCLUSION OF BILL OF RIGHTS
Bill of Rights = First Ten Amendments 1st Amendment = 5 basic freedoms 2nd, 3rd, & 4th = protections from gov’t
power 5th – 8th = fair treatment in legal actions 9th & 10th = relationship between
states, people and national government
ASSIGNMENT Complete your own Bill of Rights book. It
must contain the following information:1.) Title Page2.) Page for each of the 10
Amendments, with the amendment written out
3.) A (colored) picture to go with each amendment
**Compose much like planet books!**