Chapter 10Chapter 10Diseases of the Urinary SystemDiseases of the Urinary System

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Organs and FunctionOrgans and Function Kidneys – Kidneys – Filter blood plasma, maintain Filter blood plasma, maintain

water and electrolyte balance, produce urine, water and electrolyte balance, produce urine, maintain pH levels (regulate body fluids)maintain pH levels (regulate body fluids)

Ureters – Ureters – transport urine to the bladdertransport urine to the bladder

Urinary bladder – Urinary bladder – Serves as a reservoir for Serves as a reservoir for urineurine

Urethra – Urethra – conveys urine to exteriorconveys urine to exterior

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Diseases of the KidneyDiseases of the KidneySigns and symptomsSigns and symptoms

Hydronephrosis –Hydronephrosis –pain, hematuria, pyuria pain, hematuria, pyuria and fever if infection is presentand fever if infection is present

Polycystic kidney – Polycystic kidney – hypertension, uremia, hypertension, uremia, leads to renal failureleads to renal failure

Urinary calculi – kidney stones – Urinary calculi – kidney stones – intense intense pain radiating to groinpain radiating to groin

Cancer – Cancer – hematuria, pelvic pain, frequent hematuria, pelvic pain, frequent urination (all later in disease, no symptoms at urination (all later in disease, no symptoms at first)first)

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Diseases of the KidneyDiseases of the KidneySigns and symptomsSigns and symptoms

Hydronephroma – Hydronephroma – painless hematuria, later painless hematuria, later pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, elevated white blood countelevated white blood count

Wilms’ tumor – Wilms’ tumor – in young children, similar to in young children, similar to hydronephroma in adultshydronephroma in adults

Pyelonephritis – Pyelonephritis – pyuria, chills, high fever, pyuria, chills, high fever, sudden back pain, dysuria, hematuria, sudden back pain, dysuria, hematuria, uremia, eventual renal failureuremia, eventual renal failure

Pyelitis – Pyelitis – dysuria, urgency, frequencydysuria, urgency, frequency

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Glomerulonephritis – AcuteGlomerulonephritis – Acute: follow strep : follow strep

infection, chills, fever, loss of appetite, infection, chills, fever, loss of appetite, weakness, edema, hematuria, albuminuria, weakness, edema, hematuria, albuminuria, casts; casts; ChronicChronic: remission of acute – ends : remission of acute – ends with contracted kidneys, uremia.with contracted kidneys, uremia.

Renal failure – Acute: Renal failure – Acute: oliguria, anuria, oliguria, anuria, headache, GI distress, muscle weakness, headache, GI distress, muscle weakness, ammonia smell;ammonia smell; Chronic: Chronic: slow development, slow development, increase in urinary blood, nausea, vomiting, increase in urinary blood, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dim vision, CNS affected, diarrhea, dim vision, CNS affected, convulsions, coma convulsions, coma

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Diseases of the BladderDiseases of the BladderSigns and symptomsSigns and symptoms

Cancer – hematuria, dysuria, fatigue, Cancer – hematuria, dysuria, fatigue, anorexiaanorexia

Cystitis – urinary frequency, urgency, Cystitis – urinary frequency, urgency, burning sensation during urination, blood burning sensation during urination, blood in urinein urine

Urethritis – burning sensation during Urethritis – burning sensation during urination, itching, discharge, in females it urination, itching, discharge, in females it accompanies cystitisaccompanies cystitis

Incontinence – involuntary loss of urineIncontinence – involuntary loss of urine