Chapter 10

coins

pennies

dimes

nickels

quarters

Latin Verbs

sentio, sentīre, sensi, sensusvideo, vidēre, vidi, visus

ago, agere, egi, actusamo, amāre, amavi, amatus

pono, ponere, posui, positus

sedeo, sedēre, sedi, sessurus

porto, portāre, portavi, portatus

audio, audīre, audivi, auditus

Latin Verb Conjugations

1st conjugation 2nd conjugationamo, amāre, amavi, amatus video, vidēre, vidi, visusporto, portāre, portavi, portatus sedeo, sedēre, sedi, sessurus

3rd conjugation 4th conjugationago, agere, egi, actus sentio, sentīre, sensi, sensuspono, ponere, posui, positus audio, audīre, audivi, auditus

What is a verb conjugation?

a group of verbs that share a common spelling

pattern

Conjugation comes from the Latin words con- and jug -, what do they mean?

con - withjug - join

What are the forms of a Latin verb called?

principal parts1st principal part 2nd principal part 3rd principal part4th principal part amo amāre amavi amatus porto portāre portavi portatus laboro laborāre laboravi laboratus

2nd principal part also know as the infinitive

How many conjugations are

there in Latin?four

1st: amo, amāre, amavi, amatus2nd: sedeo, sedēre, sedi, sessurus3rd: pono, ponere, posui, positus

capio, capere, cepi, captus4th: audio, audīre, audivi, auditus

How do you recognize a 1st conjugation

verb?1st principal part: -o

2nd principal part: long ā

paro, parāre, paravi, paratus

How do you find the stem of a 1st conjugation verb?

drop the -re from the 2nd principal part

paro, parāre, paravi, paratus

para-

present sto stāre steti staturus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

Conjugate:

How do you recognize a 2nd conjugation verb?

1st principal part: -eo2nd principal part: long ē

habeo, habēre, habui, habitus

How do you find the stem for a 2nd conjugation

verb? drop the -re from the 2nd principal part

habeo, habēre, habui, habitushabe-

Conjugate:

present iubeo iubēre iussi iussus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

present teneo tenēre tenui tentus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

How do you recognize a

3rd conjugation verb? 1st principal part: -o2nd principal part: short

emitto, mittere, misi, missus

How do you find the stem of a 3rd conjugation verb?

drop the -o from the 1st principal part

mitto, mittere, misi, missus

mitt-

What are the vowels for a 3rd conjugation verb?

singular plural

1st: ______ ______

2nd: ______ ______

3rd: ______ ______

-o -i-

-i- -i-

-i- -u-

present pono ponere posui positus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

Conjugate:

present trado tradere tradidi traditus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

How do you recognize a 3rd -io conjugation

verb? 1st principal part: -io

2nd principal part: short e

iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus

How do you find the stem for the 3rd -io conjugation?

drop the -o from the 1st principal part

iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus

iaci-

present conspicio conspicere conspexi conspectus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

Conjugate:

How do you recognize a

4th conjugation verb? 1st principal part: -io

2nd principal part: long ī

audio, audīre, audivi, auditus

How do you find the stem for a 4th conjugation

verb?drop the -o from the 1st principal part

audio, audīre, audivi, auditusaudi-

present nescio nescīre nescivi nescitus

Latin singular English singular Latin plural English plural

1st:

2nd:

3rd:

Conjugate:

Activity 1: Give the conjugation number and meaning of each

verb.

1. ascendo, ascendere ______ 8. iacio, iacere ______

____________________ ____________________

2. terreo, terrēre ______ 9. curro, currere ______

____________________ ____________________

3. arripio, arripere ______ 10. curo, curāre ______

____________________ ____________________

4. discedo, discedere ______ 11. excipio, excipere ______

____________________ ____________________

5. audio, audīre ______ 12. timeo, timēre ______

____________________ ____________________

6. repello, repellere ______ 13. nescio, nescīre ______

____________________ ____________________

7. ambulo, ambulāre ______ 14. rideo, ridēre ______

____________________ ____________________

conjugation infinitive

1. sedemus ________ ______________________

2. gemis ________ ______________________

3. repellimus ________ ______________________

4. video ________ ______________________

5. portat ________ ______________________

6. sto ________ ______________________

7. auditis ________ ______________________

8. arripiunt ________ ______________________

9. habitas ________ ______________________

10. times ________ ______________________

11. ducitis ________ ______________________

12. iacit ________ ______________________

Activity 2 - Identify the conjugation to which each of the following verbs belong and write the infinitive (2nd principal part).

1. Vos omnes in villā hodie stenue laboratis.

2. Aurelia ancillam iubet tunicas in cistas ponere.

3. Liberi togas praetextas in urbe gerere solent.

4. Togam Gaii paras quod senatores togas in urbe

gerere solent.

Activity 3 – Translate the following sentences containing verbs from all conjugations:

5. Davus omnia curat et servos iubet cistas in viā portāre.

6. Cistam Sexti in raedā iacio.

7. Ubi omnes cistae in raedā sunt, ascendimus

What is the imperative verb used for?

commands, issuing orders

Cura cistam meam, Geta!

Take care of my trunk, Geta!

Curate cistam meam, servi!

Take care of my trunk, slaves!

Noli eam iacere, Geta!Don’t throw it, Geta!

Nolite eam iacere, servi!

Don’t throw it, slaves!

How do you form the imperative singular?

drop the -re off the infinitive form of the verb

audīre - audi! listen!

How do you form the plural imperative?

take the singular imperative and add -te

audi + -te = audite! listen!

1st

conjugatio

n

2nd

conjugatio

n

3rd

conjugation

4th

conjugation

Infinitive parāre habēre mittere iacere

(-io)

audīre

Imperati

ve

singular

plural

paraprepare!

parateprepare!

*habēhold!

habetehold!

mitte iacesend! throw!

*mittite * iacite send! throw!

audilisten!

auditelisten!

What does noli mean?don’t -

singular, for one person

What does nolite mean?don’t -

plural, for more than one person

How do you form the negative imperative?

noli or nolite + infinitive

Noli clamāre! Don’t shout!

Nolite clamāre! Don’t shout!

you, singular

you all,plural

1. nolite ridēre! 7. stas

2. incitant 8. promittite!

3. vide! 9. videmus

4. iubeo 10. conspicitis

5. porta! 11. arripe!

6. iacit 12. noli venīre!

Activity 4: Translate each of the following verb forms. For imperatives, indicate singular or plural.

1. Marce, in raedam ascende!

2. Pueri, nolite in raedam ascendere!

3. Servi, cistas in raedam iacite!

4. Ancillae, ad raedam venite!

Activity 5: Translate

5. Puer, baculum in raedā pone!

6. Puella, matrem audi!

7. Puer, lupos time!

8. Sexte, noli cistas portare!

9. Servus, noli cistam in raedam iacere!

10. Servi scelesti, nolite dormīre!