Chapter 10

The Progressive Era

1890-1920

1. Progressive Movement

• A movement in response to the social problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration

• Progressives believed that new ideas and honest, efficient government could bring about social justice.

2. Upton Sinclair

• A muckraker who published The Jungle to open America’s eyes to the plight of workers in the filthy, dangerous Chicago stockyards.

• Instead, popular outrage focused on the wider-reaching threat of spoiled meat that led to major changes in food preparation.

3. Jacob Riis

• A muckraker/journalist who published accounts of the poverty and suffering in the cities.

• He wrote, “ How the Other Half Lives” which provided shocking accounts of crime and violence in America which caused a sensation.

4. Ida Tarbell

• Wrote History of the Standard Oil Company This 1904 book exposed the monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company. Strengthened the movement for outlawing monopolies. A muckraker novel.

5. Carey Nation

• She was a member of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union. She used extreme tactics to reduce consumption of alcohol.

6. Temperance Movement

• A reform movement that developed in response to concern over the rising levels of alcohol consumption in America.

7. Jane Addams- Settlement House

• Settlement House was an institution established in beginning in the 1880’s and dedicated to helping the poor by providing a wide range of social and educational services.

• Jane Addams founded the most famous and influential settlement house, Hull House in Chicago in 1889.

8. Alice Paul

• A women’s suffragette who believed that giving women the right to vote would eliminate the corruption in politics.

9. Carrie Chapman Catt

• A suffragette who was president of the National Women's Suffrage Association, and founder of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance. Instrumental in obtaining passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.

10. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

• A suffragette who helped organize the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

11. Direct primary

• An election where people directly elect their party's candidates for office. Candidates had previously been selected by the party. This made elected official more accountable to the people.

12. Initiative petition

• Provided a way, usually by gathering signatures on petitions, for the electorate to introduce legislation before state legislatures

13. Referendum

• Put legislative proposals on the ballot, letting the voting public decide whether a measure became law.

14. Recall

• A special election to remove unpopular officials from office before their term expired.

15. Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette

• A great debater and political leader who believed in reforms, he was a major leader of the Progressive movement from Wisconsin.

16. 16th amendment

• The constitutional amendment authorizing federal income taxes (1913).

17. 17th Amendment

• A constitutional amendment that allowed voters, rather than state legislatures, elect federal senators (1913).

18. 18th Amendment/Prohibition

• 1919 - 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

19. 19th Amendment

• 1920 - 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.

20. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

• A fire in 1911 killed 146 people, mostly women. They died because the doors were locked and the windows were too high for them to get to the ground. Dramatized the poor working conditions and let to federal regulations to protect workers.

21. NAACP

• An interracial civil rights organization that

demanded an immediate end to all forms of racial discrimination formed in 1909.

22. Roosevelt’s Square Deal

• Roosevelt used this term to declare that he would use his powers as president to safeguard the rights of the workers.

23. Meat inspection Act

• Law gave federal inspectors the authority to condemn meat unfit for consumption and established federal sanitary standards for meatpacking plants.

24. Pure Food/Drug Act

• Law levied federal fines for mislabeling food or medicine.

25. Hepburn Act

• It imposed stricter control over railroads and expanded powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission, including giving the ICC the power to set maximum rates.

26. Federal Reserve

• The act creating a federally run Federal Reserve to serve as a “banker’s bank” that held a portion of bank funds in reserve to help member banks in time of crisis.

27. Clayton Antitrust Act

• Extended the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 to give it more power against trusts and big business. It outlawed practices that had a dangerous likelihood of creating a monopoly, even if no unlawful agreement was involved.