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Composition
• 5-6 Liters• Formed Elements• Erythrocytes
(RBCs) 45% - hematocrit
• Leukocytes (WBCs)< 1%
• Platelets < 1%
• Plasma 55%
Plasma
• 90% water• 10% dissolved substances • Plasma proteins• Most are made by the liver• Albumin• Clotting proteins
• Nutrients, metal ions (salts), O2, CO2, hormones, wastes, etc…
Erythrocytes
• Anucleate• Hemoglobin (makes blood red)• Lack mitochondria• Shaped like doughnuts• 5 million cells/ mm3 of blood
Anemia
• Decrease in O2-carrying ability of blood
• Could be lower # of RBCs OR abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content
• IRON• Sickle-Cell Anemia• RBCs are shaped like a sickle• Genetic. Usually found in
descendants from Africa• Malaria-resistance
(heterozygous)
Sickle Cell Gene Therapy
Leukocytes
• White Blood Cells• 4-11 thousand/mm3 of blood (leukocytosis)• Diapedesis – WBCs go in and out of blood vessels• Granulocytes – granule-containing WBCs• Neutrophils – phagocytes acute infection• Eosinophils – allergies • Basophils – histamine containing. Attract other WBCs
• Agranulocytes• Lymphocytes – in lymphatic tissue. Immune response• Monocytes – macrophages
Leukemia
• Blood marrow cancer• WBCs are made rapidly and are immature• Body becomes susceptible to infection
Leukemia Video
CML
Hematopoesis
• Hemocytoblast• RBC formation
regulated by erythropoietin
• CSFs and interleukins regulate WBCs
Hemostasis
• 1. Platelet plug forms • 2. Vascular spasms occur• 3. Coagulation events occur (thrombin + fibrinogen =
fibrin)• Usually takes 3-6 minutes
Bleeding Disorders
• Thrombus – blood clot• Embolus – thrombus that breaks away from wall and
travels throughout body• Thrombocytopenia• Liver function impaired; Vit K
• Hemophilia• Inherited disorders