Chapter 10

America Claims An Empire

Ch 10 Id and Define Section 1

Queen Liluokalani Imperialism Alfred T. Mahan William Seward Pearl Harbor Sanford B. Dole

Section 2 Jose Marti Valeriano Weyler Yellow journalism U.S.S. Maine George Dewey Rough Riders San Juan Hill Treaty of Paris

Section 3 Foraker Act Platt Amendment Protectorate Emilio Aguinaldo John Hay Open Door Notes Boxer Rebellion

Section 4 Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Dollar diplomacy Francisco “Pancho” Villa Emiliano Zapata John J. Pershing

Section 1 Imperialism and AmericaSection 1 Imperialism and America

American ExpansionismAmerican Expansionism Imperialism, policy in which stronger nations Imperialism, policy in which stronger nations

extend their economic, political, or military extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territoriescontrol over weaker territories

Global competitionGlobal competition• European nations had been establishing colonies European nations had been establishing colonies

for centuriesfor centuries

American manifest destinyAmerican manifest destiny

Desire for Military StrengthDesire for Military Strength

Thirst for new MarketsThirst for new Markets

Belief in Cultural SuperiorityBelief in Cultural Superiority

The United States Acquires AlaskaThe United States Acquires Alaska

Secretary of state William Seward ( under Secretary of state William Seward ( under Lincoln and Johnson) convinced the U.S. Lincoln and Johnson) convinced the U.S. to buy Alaska from Russiato buy Alaska from Russia

7.2 Million dollars or 2 cents an acre 7.2 Million dollars or 2 cents an acre Nick named Seward’s Folly or Seward’s Nick named Seward’s Folly or Seward’s

Ice boxIce box Rich in Oil, gold, timber and mineralsRich in Oil, gold, timber and minerals

The United States Takes HawaiiThe United States Takes Hawaii

American merchants had lived on the American merchants had lived on the Hawaiian islands since 1790’s Hawaiian islands since 1790’s They sold sugar cane mostly to AmericaThey sold sugar cane mostly to America

In the Mid-19In the Mid-19thth century Americans owned century Americans owned about ¾ of the wealthabout ¾ of the wealth

The McKinley Tariff provoked a crisis by The McKinley Tariff provoked a crisis by eliminating duty free sugareliminating duty free sugar

The planters called for annexationThe planters called for annexation

The End of a MonarchyThe End of a Monarchy

Hawaii for Hawaiians Hawaii for Hawaiians agenda of Queen agenda of Queen Liliuokalani after she Liliuokalani after she took over from her father took over from her father King KalakauaKing Kalakaua

encouraged revolt by encouraged revolt by American Sugar growersAmerican Sugar growers

Ambassador John L. Ambassador John L. Stevens organized a Stevens organized a revolution with the help revolution with the help of the marines of the marines

US troops in Hawaii

Cont.Cont.

Sanford B. Dole headed the new Sanford B. Dole headed the new governmentgovernment

President Cleveland directed the queen be President Cleveland directed the queen be restored to her throne restored to her throne

Power was never truly restoredPower was never truly restored After William McKinley took office he After William McKinley took office he

annexed it on August 12, 1898 during the annexed it on August 12, 1898 during the Spanish American warSpanish American war

Section 2Section 2 Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War

Cubans Rebel Against SpainCubans Rebel Against Spain A colony for over 300 yearsA colony for over 300 years

Spain sent The Butcher Weyler (Valeriano Spain sent The Butcher Weyler (Valeriano Weyler) to crush the rebellion Weyler) to crush the rebellion

Yellow journalism Yellow journalism Incites and adds to the resentment against SpainIncites and adds to the resentment against Spain De Lome – Spanish Ambassador wrote a letter in De Lome – Spanish Ambassador wrote a letter in

which he bad mouthed McKinley which he bad mouthed McKinley The explosion of the U.S.S. Maine was blamed on The explosion of the U.S.S. Maine was blamed on

Spain Spain

Cont.Cont. On April 30, 1898 Commodore George Dewey On April 30, 1898 Commodore George Dewey

attacked the Spanish in the Philippine (Filipinos) attacked the Spanish in the Philippine (Filipinos) Rough Riders led by Theodore Roosevelt along Rough Riders led by Theodore Roosevelt along

with the10th Calvary – take Cubawith the10th Calvary – take Cuba Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

John Hay called it “a splendid little war”John Hay called it “a splendid little war”• Puerto RicoPuerto Rico• GuamGuam• Philippines Philippines • CubaCuba

Teller Amendment – give independence Teller Amendment – give independence Platt Amendment – delayed Cuba’s independence Platt Amendment – delayed Cuba’s independence

Section 3 Acquiring New LandsSection 3 Acquiring New Lands

Ruling Puerto RicoRuling Puerto Rico Had not been promised independence Had not been promised independence Bring protection “protectorate” Bring protection “protectorate” Foraker Act – enabled military ruleForaker Act – enabled military rule Puerto Rico gained citizenship in 1917Puerto Rico gained citizenship in 1917

CubaCuba Teller Amendment was delayed with the Platt Teller Amendment was delayed with the Platt

AmendmentAmendment• Cuba could not make treatiesCuba could not make treaties• U.S. had right to interveneU.S. had right to intervene• Cuba could not go into debtCuba could not go into debt• U.S. could buy or lease landU.S. could buy or lease land

Filipinos RebelFilipinos Rebel Emilio Aguinaldo believed that the U.S. had promised Emilio Aguinaldo believed that the U.S. had promised

them independencethem independence He led a revolt in Feb. 1899He led a revolt in Feb. 1899 Anger at the U.S. suppressing a rebellionAnger at the U.S. suppressing a rebellion

After 3 years the rebellion was suppressedAfter 3 years the rebellion was suppressed 20,000 Filipino rebels died20,000 Filipino rebels died 4,000 Americans4,000 Americans 400 million dollars 400 million dollars Gained its independence on July 4, 1946Gained its independence on July 4, 1946

Foreign Influence in ChinaForeign Influence in China

Sphere of Influence – one country Sphere of Influence – one country controlling anothercontrolling another

John Hay wanted to keep China Open for John Hay wanted to keep China Open for tradetrade Open Door Policy – everyone could trade Open Door Policy – everyone could trade

equally in Chinaequally in China Boxer Rebellion in China was suppressed Boxer Rebellion in China was suppressed

by both the Chinese government and the by both the Chinese government and the American/European forcesAmerican/European forces

Section 4 America as a World Section 4 America as a World PowerPower

Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Peace Maker – Negotiating a settlement of Russo-Peace Maker – Negotiating a settlement of Russo-

Japanese warJapanese war Nobel peace prize in 1906Nobel peace prize in 1906

Panama CanalPanama Canala man a plan a canal panamaa man a plan a canal panamaamanap lanac a nalp a nam aamanap lanac a nalp a nam a

Hay-Pauncefote – Britain gave the U.S. Hay-Pauncefote – Britain gave the U.S. exclusive rights to build and control the exclusive rights to build and control the canalcanal

2 possible routes2 possible routes Nicaragua – much of it crossed a lakeNicaragua – much of it crossed a lake Panama ( a Colombian province) – shorterPanama ( a Colombian province) – shorter

• U.S. needed to get permission from ColombiaU.S. needed to get permission from Colombia• When negotiations broke down Philippe Bunau-When negotiations broke down Philippe Bunau-

Varilla helped to organize a rebellion against Varilla helped to organize a rebellion against ColombiaColombia

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

Addition to the Monroe DoctrineAddition to the Monroe Doctrine The U.S. will intervene if a Latin American The U.S. will intervene if a Latin American

country does something that may put them in country does something that may put them in danger.danger.

Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy• Guaranteed loans to foreign countries to keep Guaranteed loans to foreign countries to keep

European powers out of Latin AmericaEuropean powers out of Latin America

BIG STICK DIPLOMACYBIG STICK DIPLOMACY Speak softly and Carry a big stickSpeak softly and Carry a big stick

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary DiplomacyDiplomacy

Diaz, Madero, Huerta, and CarranzaDiaz, Madero, Huerta, and Carranza Wilson looks to oust HuertaWilson looks to oust Huerta Uses a incident to do soUses a incident to do so Take notes on your own starting on 363Take notes on your own starting on 363

• Use the headlines in the bookUse the headlines in the book• Underline names and termsUnderline names and terms• There will be a quiz on this portion of your book There will be a quiz on this portion of your book

tomorrow tomorrow