Chapter 10

(a deliberate attempt to influence the thought and behavior of others through the use of personal, psychological, and

logical appeals)

Personal Proof

• Competence

• Integrity

• Goodwill

• Image

• Credibility

Psychological Proof

• Attitudes• Motives

– Physical– Social

• Specific Motive Appeals– Sex– Security– Approval– Conformity– Success– Creativity

Logical Proof

• Reasoning

• Argumentation (a premise and conclusion)

Deductive Reasoning vs. Inductive Reasoning

GENERAL to SPECIFIC3 step pattern, syllogismMajor premise: KKK means troubleMinor premise: Mark is in KKKConclusion: Mark is a troublemaker

SPECIFIC to GENERALRead Stats that show people with

college degrees earn moreSo if I get a higher education,I too will earn more!

Other Forms of Reasoning

• Reasoning by Comparison (literal-figurative)

• Reasoning from Cause and Effect

Fallacies

Unwarranted or hasty generalization

Errors in causal induction* post hoc (after this, therefore, because of this)* non sequitur (it does not follow)

Begging the Question

Ignoring the Question False Analogy Either/Or Fallacy

Ad Hominem

Red Herring

Ad Populum

Types of Persuasive Speeches

Speeches to Convince(American IndiansDeserve Respect)

Speeches to Actuate

Speeches to Reinforce(Robert Kennedy Eulogy)