Chapter 10 & 11Ownership of the Land and

Feeding the WorldReview

2015

Multiple choice answers

Chapter 101. D2. B3. C4. A5. E6. A7. A8. C9. E10.A11.B

Chapter 111. B2. E3. D4. C5. E6. A7. C8. B9. D10. D11. A12. B13. E14. C15. A

Give an example and define the tragedy of the commons.

Give an example and define the tragedy of the commons.

Dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.

Give a definition and example of an externality

Give a definition and example of an externality

An unexpected consequence of an action.

Maximum sustainable yield can be achieved by harvesting the

resource at _______

Maximum sustainable yield can be achieved by harvesting the resource

at 50% of carrying capacity

Use this graph to set the ITQ for 10 boats. Make the fishery sustainable

and have maximum profits.

Use this graph to set the ITQ for 10 boats. Make the fishery sustainable and have maximum profits. MSY is

500. 500 divided by 10 is 50.

Name two timber harvesting techniques.

Name two timber harvesting techniques. Clear Cutting and

Selective cutting

Know advantages and disadvantages of the two types

of timber harvest.

Advantage of Clear Cutting

Advantage of Selective Cutting

Economically cheaper Mimics natural disturbances

Good for sun loving species Provides shade for streams

Opens land for pioneer species

Prevents erosion

Limits eutrophication

What is the resource conservation ethic?

What is the resource conservation ethic? Its primary focus is upon maintaining the health of the 

natural world, its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. Use

resources sustainably.

What is most of the common land in the United States used

for?

What is most of the common land in the United States used

for? Grazing

What did the Taylor Act of 1934 do?

What did the Taylor Act of 1934 do? Established permits to allow cattle to graze on common land.

How does cattle grazing produce poor water quality?

How does cattle grazing produce poor water quality? Cows produce manure which can

leach into the water and cause eutrophication. Cows also cause erosion by destroying river

banks as they cross streams.

Which has greater surface area, a 3 gram cube of pesticide (A) or 3

grams of powdered pesticide (B)?

Which has greater surface area, a 3 gram cube of pesticide (A) or 3

grams of powdered pesticide (B)? B

Which will react quickest in the environment, a 3 gram cube of

pesticide (A) or 3 grams of powdered pesticide (B)?

Which will react quickest in the environment, a 3 gram cube of

pesticide (A) or 3 grams of powdered pesticide (B)? B

Name a negative environmental impact of Urban Sprawl

Name a negative environmental impact of Urban Sprawl – less

habitat for animals, more driving which increases global

temperatures, heat islands, more runoff, less infiltration, etc.

What is the greatest threat to terrestrial plant and animal

species?

What is the greatest threat to terrestrial plant and animal

species? Habitat Loss

What is an EIS?

What is an EIS? Environmental Impact Statements assess the

impacts of a project

Does an EIS force the developer to follow the most environmentally friendly plan?

What is an EIS? Environmental Impact Statements assess the

impacts of a project

Does an EIS force the developer to follow the most environmentally friendly plan? NO, an EIS only forces developers to list the impacts and suggest alternatives.

What part of the United States has the most wilderness areas?

What part of the United States has the most wilderness areas? Alaska

Name some positive environmental impacts associated with prescribed

burns.

Name some positive environmental impacts associated with prescribed

burns. Future fires are less destructive, reduces underbrush, good for plants that need more

sunlight like pioneer species. Some seeds need fire to germinate.

What is the Green Revolution in agriculture?

What is the Green Revolution in agriculture? The use of machines,

fertilizers and pesticides to dramatically increase the amount of

food being produced.

What are some of the environmental consequences of the Green Revolution in agriculture?

What are some of the environmental consequences of the Green

Revolution in agriculture? Less habitat and water available for

wildlife, nitrogen runoff, pesticide contamination, reduction in

biodiversity, use of fossil fuels leads to global warming, soil degradation, soil erosion, fertilizer poisoning of

wells, etc.

Calculate the energy subsidy if it takes 24 units of energy to produce

2 pounds of pork.

Calculate the energy subsidy if it takes 24 units of energy to produce

2 pounds of pork. 12 kw hours.

List the two classifications of fertilizers.

List the two classifications of fertilizers. Natural and Synthetic

Which type of fertilizer do organic farmers use, natural or synthetic?

Which type of fertilizer do organic farmers use, natural or synthetic?

Look at the picture below and determine the type of agriculture (monocropping or intercropping and

list some disadvantages:

Look at the picture below and determine the type of agriculture (monocropping or intercropping and

list some disadvantages: soil erosion occurs when field is fallow, pests more likely to become established in a monocrop, loss of biodiversity.

What is the difference between a selective pesticide and a broad

spectrum pesticide?

What is the difference between a selective pesticide and a broad spectrum pesticide? Selective

pesticides target only one species while broad spectrum pesticides kill

all species.

Which type of pesticide is most likely to last the longest?

Which type of pesticide is most likely to last the longest? Persistent

1. The amount of DDT in an anchovy went from 2 micrograms to 6 micrograms. Calculate the percent change.

2. The amount of mercury in swordfish went from 16 parts per billion in 1950 to 12 parts per billion in 2010. Calculate the percent change.

1. The amount of DDT in an anchovy went from 2 micrograms to 6 micrograms. Calculate the percent change.

6 micrograms – 2 micrograms = 4 micrograms. 4 micrograms/2 micrograms x 100 = 200%

2. The amount of mercury in swordfish went from 16 parts per billion in 1950 to 12 parts per billion in 2010. Calculate the percent change. 12 parts per billion – 16 parts per billion / 16 x 100 = -25%

What can a farmer do to get off the Pesticide Treadmill?

What can a farmer do to get off the Pesticide Treadmill? Intercropping,

rotate crops, biological controls

What is a GMO and how is a GMO created?

What is a GMO and how is a GMO created? Genetically Modified Organism is created by

inserting a gene from another organism. Be sure to know the positive and negative consequences

of GMOs.

What makes industrial agriculture less sustainable than traditional

agricultural practices?

What makes industrial agriculture less sustainable than traditional

agricultural practices?

Industrial agriculture uses more fossil fuels which contribute to global warming/acid rain, nitrogen fertilizer run off, soil degradation, heavy pesticide use causes the evolution of resistant pests, heavy irrigation of desert areas leads to soil salinization.

Identify the farming practice pictured below. Name 2 negative externalities associated

with this practice.

Identify the farming practice pictured below. Name 2 negative externalities associated with this practice. Concentrated Animal

Feeding Operations – lots of manure, some of which ends up in water ways and over use

of antibiotics leads to the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Give a specific definition for famine and a part of the world prone to

famines.

Give a specific definition for famine. 5 deaths per day out of 10,000

because of lack of food.

Name the concept illustrated below.

Name the concept illustrated below. Bioaccumulation/biomagnification

What is the biggest threat to marine species?

What is the biggest threat to marine species? Over fishing

Define aquaculture and describe a positive environmental impact associated with this practice.

Define aquaculture and describe a

positive environmental

impact associated with this practice. Growing marine or

freshwater organisms for

consumption. May protect wild stocks

from over fishing.

List some of the negative environmental impacts associated

with the practice of aquaculture

List some of the negative

environmental impacts associated with the

practice of aquaculture

What requires a bigger energy subsidy, grain or beef?

What requires more water to grow, a kilogram of beef or a kilogram of grain?

What requires a bigger energy subsidy, grain or beef?

What requires more water to grow, a kilogram of beef or a kilogram of grain?

How is organic farming different from industrial farming?

How is organic farming different from industrial farming? No

pesticides or synthetic fertilizers are used in organic farming.

What are some of the elements of an Integrated Pest Management Plan?

What are some of the elements of an Integrated Pest Management Plan? Find ways such as

biological controls, planting various crops, letting the land go fallow to prevent the need to use more an

more stronger insectisides.

Which is more expensive to buy, organic food or food produced in

a highly mechanized farm?

Which is more expensive to buy, organic food or food produced in a highly mechanized

farm? Organic food because it is more labor intensive and is done on a smaller scale.

How can you prevent the tragedy of the commons in fishing?

How can you prevent the tragedy of the commons in fishing? Use size or gear regulations, set ITQ to match MSY, use aquaculture,

remove impediments to spawning such as dams for salmon, and only purchase fish that are not

over exploited.

How are species raised in aquaculture different than wild

species?

How are species raised in aquaculture different than wild species? Farm salmon are

less genetically diverse, require more antibiotics, and are more prone to eutrophy

their habitat.