Chapter 10 & 11

Civil War

&

Reconstruction

THE CIVIL WAR

• The Union Divides

• The Real War Begins

• The Goals of War Change

• Life Goes on Behind the Lines

• The Road to Peace is Rugged

Lincoln

The Civil War 1860 - 1865Reconstruction 1866 - 1877

• Lincoln takes office, March, 1861

• 7 states secede (map) ... 4 more join the Confederacy (VA, AK, TN, & NC) after shots fired on Fort Sumter, SC

Fort Sumter

Fort Sumnter

• Gov’t property seized in the south, Lincoln’s goal: to preserve the Union

• April, 1861 …Ft. Sumter fired upon by Confederate forces…the war has begun.

• Copperheads-Northern Dem. oppose the war and Lincoln.

South & Border States

• Lincoln seizes control of the border states (MD,MO,KY,&DE)

• Riots break out in Baltimore, MD

• Lincoln takes control…martial law declared/habeas corpus suspended

• North & South – advantages and disadvantages

• Union call for troops…Battle of Bull Run

Battle of Manassas

•Union Plan for wining the War

Northern plan for victory

Ironclads

• Weapons/Warships/Strategy• Western & Eastern Theaters of

Operations • Shiloh/New Orleans/2nd Manassas• Battle of Antietam, MD ...Union

Gen. McClellan fails to destroy Lee…the war goes on

• Southern hopes cling to Great Britain…Trent Affair

Lincoln

Emancipation Proclamation

• Jan.1863, Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation after the Battle of Antietam and makes destruction of Slavery a war aim

• Freed only the slaves in Confederacy, discouraged any interference from foreign governments…keeps Great Britain out of the war

The War drags on

• South/Cotton & England/Neutral

• African-Americans are enlisted. Ex. 54th Mass. as seen in “Glory”

• Draft/Conscription is used to raise the necessary troops for N & S

Frederick Douglas

• Black Abolitionist

• Urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the Union Army

• Substitutes/Deserters…bonus paid to recruits…Draft Riots in NY 1863

• “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”

• Radical Republicans - believed that slavery was the main reason for the war…their power increases in the elections of 62, 64, & 1866

• South suffers shortages

• Topics: Greenbacks/Women in the

workplace/Homestead Act/Clara Barton & Red Cross…Dorthea Dix, U.S. Sanitary Commission/ P.O.W.’s & Andersonville…wars impact on western expansion and the Trans-continental Railroad

Lee & Grant

Robert E. Lee Confederate General The Army of Northern Virginia

• opposed secession, but did not believe that the Union should be held together by force.

• Urged southerners to accept defeat and unite as Americans after the collapse at Appomattox

Ulysses S. GrantCommander of the Union Forces

• Won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed before him

• “Total War”

• Hero of the Civil War and future President

Gettysburg

Turning Point of the Civil War

Gettysburg Address

• Lincoln thought the Civil War was a struggle to preserve a nation that was dedicated to the proposition that “all men are created equal” and that was ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people”

Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg & Vicksburg, 7/1863

March of 1864 - Grant becomes Union commander, unconditional surrender & total war

• Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

• Captures Atlanta in Sept., 1864

• Lincoln wins the 1864 election

Last battles of the Civil War

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address

• “with malice towards none, with charity for all…to bind up the nations wounds”

Lincoln

The Civil War Ends

• Grant turns attention on Richmond

• Confederate capitol falls on April 2nd, 1865…Davis escapes south

• Surrounded and out numbered, Lee surrenders the Army of Virginia at Appomattox Courthouse on April 7th…the war is over

• The South lay in ruin

Appomattox Court HouseApril 9th, 1865

Lincoln Assassinated

• On April 12th, while attending a play, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

• Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the United States

• Johnson wants what Lincoln wanted

• Radical Republicans control plans for Reconstruction

• Johnson and Congress fight openly• Office Tenure Act and Johnson’s

Impeachment by Congress

• Radical Republicans seek to punish the South and keep it weak

• Black Codes/5 military districts formed/Sharecropping & Tenant farming

• Freedmen’s Bureau• Carpetbaggers & Scalawags• Congress attempts to guarantee

voting & civil rights to blacks

• 13th Amendment ends slavery in 1865

• 14th Amendment provides equal protection under the law - 1868

• 15th Amendment provides suffrage for African Americans – 1870

• Grant 1868-1876 (scandal)

• Election of 1876

Reconstruction period ends

• Former Confederates take control of the Democratic Party to regain power

• “Jim Crow” Era begins…almost 100 years of denying full rights of citizenship to blacks

Economic & Social Impact of the Civil War

• The South would remain a poor, agriculturally based economy

• The North emerged with strong and growing industrial economies

• The U.S. will become a global economic power by the 20th century