Chapter 1

Annual Survey

Since the middle of 2002 the Informatics Institute consists of two laboratories: the multimedia and intelligent systems laboratory (MMIS) and the Computing, System architecture, and Programming Laboratory (CSP). We see this clustering of the research groups of the Institute as a first step in a closer collaboration between the different chairs of the Institute.The Institute participates in the ASCI national research school for Architecture and Image Systems and in the IPA national research school for Programming and Algorithms.

MMIS LaboratoryThe laboratory for multimedia and intelligent systems MMIS consists of two research groups: the Intelligent Sensory Information Systems group (ISIS) and the Intelligent Autonomous Systems group (IAS). The two groups share an interest in processing information in pictorial, auditory and/or lingual form and the consequences that such information has for subsequent actions including reflection. The topics are covered from theory to practice, from basic principles to implementation of applications.

The prime scientific target of ISIS is to create access to the content of digital images. The aim is to bridge the semantic gap between pictorial data and the interpretation of the data. Currently the scope of the analysis is expanded to full multimedia. Focus is on image data driven interpretation by computer vision, as well as driven from knowledge about the image, designing algorithms of image analysis, experimenting on visual data, learning from (very) large image databases. Applications are in digital document structure analysis, video analysis, colour image analysis, picture search engines and recently in biological and some medical image processing mostly to get interactive access to large data sets.

The IAS-Group studies methodologies to create intelligent autonomous systems, which perceive their environment through sensors and use that information to act and generate intelligent, goal-directed behaviour. This work includes formalization, generalization and learning in autonomous systems. A new research line was set-up in collaborating multi-agent systems to create groups of autonomous systems working together to realize a task.

CSP LaboratoryThe Computing, System architecture, and Programming Laboratory (CSP-Lab), integrates three core computer science research questions: How to build complex computer systems, how to program them and how to process information on them. The laboratory consists of the groups on Parallel Systems Architecture, Programming Methods and Environments and Computational Informatics.

The Parallel Systems Architecture program involves the design and evaluation of parallel hardware and software architectures as integrated systems with emphasis on experiments. The project includes applications of distributed architectures.

The Programming Methods and Environments program focuses on the one hand on generating programming environments given a formal language definition, in particular the construction of generic user-interfaces and the development of generic methods for the textual and graphical representation of structured objects. On the other hand the program focuses on development of a process

theory and tools that can be used to specify and verify concurrent communicating systems; research on modularisation of specifications, theory of module algebra; algebraic specification of data types.

The program Computational Informatics focuses on how global macroscopic processes emerge from local microscopic rules and interactions and is inspired by the paradigm of complex systems. Through modelling and simulation they seek to discover the way information is being processed in such systems. High dimensional cellular automata are studied as a representation of the computation. The applicability of this approach is validated through the development of high performance problem solving environments for asynchronous natural processes.

The members of the Institute are responsible for a majority of the courses in the Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology curriculum. The preparation for the new Bachelor Masters structure and restructuring the educational tracks was a major effort, which was actively undertaken by the members of the Institute.

The institute holds 5 full professorships and 5 part-time professorships. In 2002 we had 2 associate professors and 15 assistant professors appointed at the institute. Government and industry fund most of our 28 PhD students. The Institute has been very successful in attracting external funding. Some 65 % of our total research is covered by it.

The year 2002 was a good year for the Institute with 15 PhD graduations. Moreover we had 165 journal publications and publications in refereed conference proceedings. The research of our institute draws also popular attention with a TV and radio program covering two research items from the Institute.

I hope the reader will find this report of interest.

Prof.dr.ir. Frans C.A. Groen

Director

Chapter 2 Fundamental Research

A. Research within the Laboratory for Computing, System architecture, and Programming

1. Computational Informatics

General information

Contact person : Prof Dr P.M.A. Sloot Telephone : +31 - 20 - 525 7462URL : http://www.science.uva.nl/research/scs/Fax : +31 - 20 - 525 7419E-mail : sloot@science.uva.nl

Position within the Organisation

"Computational Informatics" is one of the three research groups of the Computing, System Architecture and Programming Laboratory of the Informatics Institute of the Faculty of Science.

The Computational Informatics group closely collaborates with other groups within the University, especially in Mathematics and the Natural Sciences, and is an important player in the Amsterdam Centre for Computational Science (ACCS). (See http://www.science.uva.nl/research/accs/) The Section Computational Science Participates in the Dutch graduate research school `ASCI'.

Characterization

Nature has a very efficient way to process information. Most natural processes are inherently parallel. We seek to discover, describe and use the way information is being processed in natural systems. We adopt the notion of complex systems to study how (global) macroscopic processes emerge from (local) microscopic rules and interactions. High dimensional cellular automata are used as a representation of these computational processes. The applicability of this approach is validated through realistic, high performance simulations of natural processes.

Key Words

Problem Solving Environments and Metacomputing; Distributed and Grid Computing; Interactive Algorithms; Modelling and Simulation of Complex Systems; Parallel Discrete Event Simulation, Self-organized criticality.

NOAG-I -Themes Modelling, Simulation and Visualization; Parallel and Distributed Computing.

Main themes

Our research on how global macroscopic processes emerge from local microscopic rules and interactions is inspired by the paradigm of complex systems. Through modeling and simulation we seek to discover the way information is being

processed in such systems. High dimensional cellular automata are used as a representation of the computation. The applicability of this approach is validated through the development of high performance problem solving environments for asynchronous natural processes.

Modelling and Simulation

Nature is inherently asynchronous: Hubermann, PNAS, 1997

Modelling and simulation requires mapping of (natural) phenomena onto a model, mapping the model onto a parallel solver, and finally mapping the parallel solver to the computing resource. We do not follow the conventional partial differential equations approach in modelling, rather we try to model by directly mapping natural phenomena on (intrinsically parallel) solvers. For this we adopt the concept of Cellular Automata (CA). CA are spatio-temporal discrete, decentralized, finite state systems consisting of a large number of simple identical components with local connectivity. The research focuses on the information processing in asynchronous CA's and their execution behaviour on distributed systems.

Problem Solving Environments and Visualization

Progress in natural science comes from taking things apart, progress in computer science comes from bringing things together: W.D. Hillis, MIT, 1982.

We strongly believe in experimental validation of theoretical work. We investigate the mapping of Cellular Automata (CA) to parallel, distributed and hybrid architectures. Both architectural design and parallelisation of CA-models for these designs guide our research. The usability, efficiency, stability, and the correctness of our models is tested through their use in interactive Problem Solving environments. We adopt the common software-component architecture approach to obtain inter operable, modular PSE's that integrate modelling, simulation, interaction and visualization on Grid-like distributed compute systems.

2002 Results

Here we provide a condensed overview of the scientific approach and some results. Details can be found at: http://www.science.uva.nl/research/scs/.

Introduction

This program emerged in 1996 from the program methods for parallel computing and has witnessed a gradual focusing towards CA based Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) of complex dynamical systems. This research is a new challenge in computational informatics.

We developed a generic software architecture to study the CA-dynamics through interactive simulation. This environment is embedded into computational grids, thus creating a distributed interactive simulation system. Here, interaction with a living (i.e. running) simulation is facilitated, thus al- lowing e.g. more efficient optimisation of simulated structures or faster evaluation of sensitivity to a range of simulation parameters. Interaction is possible in many ways, and a very challenging and potentially highly effective one, pursued by our research group, is by direct manipulation of the simulated objects in Virtual Reality (VR).

The funding of the research was based on direct university funding, funding through national science foundations (a total of 8 projects), and through international bodies (especially the European Commission) and contract research (a total of 6 projects). The results of the research appeared in approximately 160 scientific publications. Moreover, 5 Ph.D. theses were defended since the start of the program.

Modelling and Simulation

Important classes of CA's are Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) and the Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM). We were able to study in great detail the noise properties and information flow in these systems. We realized dedicated parallel LBM and LGA simulations environments. Although CA's are intrinsically parallel, special care has to be taken for dynamic and efficient load balancing (see Fig. 1). Experimental validation of the modelling power was achieved by applying the CA- environment to the study of water flow through fibre networks as a model of paper, randomly packed spheres to model chromatographic columns and blood flow in arterial networks.

Fig. 1: The Parallel Cellular Automata Modelling environment and its embedding in the world of complex systems simulations

Another important property of CA's is emergent behaviour: the spontaneous macroscopic order from simple microscopic rules. This is studied through the predictability and tractability of LGA's. Experimental validation of this emergent behaviour of CA's was studied through Morphogenesis: the appearance of shapes. Specifically, we study the morphology of corals. We have realized a 'Turing test' of a CA based system that allows us to obtain realistic morphologies and to study the influence of environmental properties (see Fig. 2).

Over the reporting period we have developed highly advanced Parallel Discrete Event Simulation software, incorporating the optimistic time-warp protocol and incremental state-saving mechanisms. We discovered self-organized criticality in roll back processes during execution behaviour of asynchronous CA. We demonstrated long-range correlations, suggesting hidden order in the execution path of such asynchronous CA.

Fig. 2: A Turing test for corals. The rows are for two types of environments, the columns are either real corals or simulated corals. Which is which? Does the simulation pass the Turing test? (note 1)

(Note 1: The answer to the Turing test: the left column in Fig. 2 are the real corals, the right column are the simulated corals.)

Problem Solving Environments and Visualization

Distributed computing on dynamically changing wide-area networks of heterogeneous computers, with transparent and seamless access for users and providing ubiquitous computational power, forms the basis of the Grid Computing paradigm. We have investigated many aspects of such Distributed Computing Environments (previously called Metacomputing Environments) long before the Grid hype started. (note 2)

(note 2: This is acknowledged by the Globus team, see http://www.globus.org/about/related.html on related grid projects.)

The main research themes where scheduling and resource management, i.e. the question of effective access and efficient utilization of distributed computational resources for distributed High Performance Computing. The Dynamite system (see Fig. 3) optimises resource utilization of distributed systems under environmental changes. Based on the theory of distributed check pointing, Dynamite operates through check pointing of tasks in a parallel program, and subsequent migration of these tasks.

Fig. 3: Running an application with Dynamite. An application is decomposed into several (communicating) subtasks. The run-time system places these on computational nodes, starts execution and monitors the system. If the load is unbalanced one or more task migrations may be performed automatically to establish a new and more optimal load distribution.

Efficient access to computing resources in a heterogeneous distributed computing environment re- quires two levels of resource management, i.e. distribution of jobs over a wide-area network and load optimisation within a single parallel or distributed computer (using Dynamite). We have studied such hierarchical resource management through architecture and middleware simulation. These ideas were tested in the context of mapping finite element simulations of car crashes. The results inspire further development of optimal scheduling policies for dynamite and for scheduling in Grid based environments.

Fig. 4: Schematic diagram of the UvA-DRIVE system: an active stereo projection system using sync- doubling technology and an interaction system based on tracking hardware.

Fig. 5: The Drive system as developed by the Section Computational Science of the University of Amsterdam.

The combination of Distributed Computer Simulation with interactive virtual environments results in an Distributed Interactive Simulation environment by which researchers can steer a simulation. Within the framework of the Virtual Laboratory project Drive, the Distributed Real-time Interactive Virtual Environment, was developed (see Figs. 4 and 5). Drive is build from off-the-shelf components and is based on immersive projection with one large screen, active stereo with shutter glasses, electro-magnetic tracking and multi-modal

interaction devices. As a test case, we have developed an interactive exploration environment for "Simulated Vascular Reconstruction in a Virtual Operating Theater". In this environment, we simulate blood flow through a human artery. The interactive virtual environment visualizes the results and allows a vascular surgeon to interactively explore alternative treatments for the patient. Based on simulation results, the vascular surgeon can form a decision on which of these treatments could be best for a patient when applied in practice.

Highlights

In the research of the Section Computational Science, 2002 has seen a number of highlights some projects were successfully completed, other projects were taken up, and running projects produced significant results. The completed projects include our participation in the ICES-KIS Virtual Lab (VL) project. The funding for the first phase of ICES-KIS ended in 2002; a continuation project proposal has been submitted together with a large number of other groups. In the VL project, we contributed an inter- active visualization environment for medical applications, the "Virtual Radiology Explorer" (VRE). The HPSIM project (KNAW) in which we collaborated with Indonesian Universities on the development of a high performance simulation environment, was completed in September 2002. This project included a number of exchange visits between the Netherlands and Indonesia, and the long term stay in the Netherlands of two Indonesian PhD students. The new projects also focus largely on applications in biomedicine. In the CrossGrid project, we participate in a large European collaboration of 21 partners in the development of interactive applications in a so-called Grid environment. These environments are characterized by the participation of multiple, geographically distributed organizations, sharing computational resources and data. This gives an improved access to these resources and data, at a cost in network and scheduling delays. In CrossGrid, we provide an application aiming to support cardiac surgeons in pre-operative planning. Token2000 is a nationally funded project (NWO), where we collaborate closely with the Universities of Leiden and Twente on the development of an interactive medical application, somewhat similar to the work in CrossGrid. This application is intended for training of surgeons. Our participation in the Amsterdam Genomics Center (AmGC) is more general in nature. Here we address a variety of bioinformatics research problems in genomics in close collaboration with the bioinformatics lab of the Amsterdam Medical Center. One of the other research areas in which the SCS group is active, is computational astronomy. "A Cluster of Grapes", a joint NWO proposal with the astronomical institute "Anton Pannekoek" to NWO was honoured in 2001. In connection with this proposal the KNAW fellow S. Portegies Zwart joined our group in 2002 to do research in the area of high performance N-body simulations. The longer running projects include a number of PhD research projects and some collaborative projects. In the BMI project (internally funded), we work on the modelling of HIV infections and drug therapy of HIV in collaboration with C. Boucher of the University of Utrecht and A.V. Boukhanovsky and A.B. Degtyarev of the IHPCIS in St. Petersburg. The Dynamite project (now internally funded) is the continuation of work on the dynamic scheduling and migration of tasks in parallel programs started in the ESPRIT project Dynamite. We now collaborate with the IHPCIS in St. Petersburg in developing a more advanced version of the software.

2003 and beyond

The long-standing problem of information processing in evolving Cellular Automata will be further investigated, using elements from Information Theory

and Complexity theory. Our approach will be based on the notion of "local entropy" as formulated in the concept of Fischer-Information. The research will be supplemented by simulations of specific instances of Cellular Automata and will form the theoretical embedding of our CA-based modelling and simulations of biomedical phenomena.

We are currently increasing our emphasis on (Interactive) Problem Solving Environments in distributed systems like the GRID. Based upon our previous experience using HLA and the Dynamite system, our focus will be on middleware, remote access and data integration, using the currently emerging Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) and component technology for scientific computing (the Common Component Architecture - CCA). We just started the CrossGrid project, a large consortium of 22 laboratories from all over Europe, with the goal to develop a software architecture for a Grid based interactive problem solving environment, applied to a number of challenging CA-based applications from Biology, Medicine and flood-crisis management. The SCS group has the final responsibility for issues related to scientific computing on the grid and the applications within the Crossgrid project.

As to the applications, we will strengthen our attention in the Biomedical field. The main topics will be interactive simulation and visualization on the grid. A prototypical application will be vascular reconstruction. This application is part of the CrossGrid project and of the recently started NWO- TOKEN2000 project, and is carried out in collaboration with the Leiden University Medical Centre (for the medical datasets) and the University of Twente (with cognitive psychologists, working on man-machine interaction and learning in VR). Another domain is hierarchical modelling and data ingration through CA's. For example, in collaboration with the University of Utrecht Medical Center and the AMC (Amsterdam) we work in the field of HIV infection modelling using CA, and a rule-based medical expert system for HIV medication.

We have intensified our international collaborations. Within the framework of a formal agreement between the University of Amsterdam and the Saint Petersburg State University, Russian Federation, a joined laboratory for computational science was established in Saint Petersburg. This lab works on problem solving environments and applications. We formally collaborate with CYFRONET, Cracow, Poland, through joined Ph.D. students in the field of monitoring and scheduling for scientific computing on the Grid. In the framework of a recently started NATO Science for Peace program we collaborate with institutes of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science in the field of biomedical diagnostic systems. Finally, a strong research cooperation is established with a number of USA based universities (Stanford University, Mississippi State University).

Relation to other programmes

Through the Virtual Lab project we strongly collaborate with the Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems group. The theoretical work on evolving CA is done in collaboration with the Algorithms and Complexity Theory group of the ILLC.

2. Advanced Computing Systems Engineering

General Information

Contact person : Prof Dr L.O. Hertzberger Telephone : +31 - 20 - 525 7464

URL : http://www.science.uva.nl/research/arch/Fax : +31 - 20 - 525 7419E-mail : bob@science.uva.nl

Position within the Organisation

The Advanced Computing Systems Engineering programme is carried out by the Computer Architecture and Parallel Systems (CAPS) group, one of the three research groups of the Computing, System Architecture and Programming Laboratory at the Informatics Institute of the Faculty of Science.The CAPS group participates in the Dutch Graduate School `ASCI'.

Characterization

Computer architecture is driven by the interaction between technology-push from the development of sub-micron technology and demand-pull for efficient and portable implementations of applications. Research in this field is relatively broad as it expands from single processor systems to complex parallel and heterogeneous computer systems. More specifically, computer architecture research may vary from the study of large-scale distributed systems such as applied for traffic control towards the study of embedded systems-on-chip, as being used in modern digital multimedia consumer electronics. The research field further expands when the consequences and requirements set by the applications on the underlying software and hardware systems are also taken into consideration. For instance, modern multimedia networking applications may tolerate lossy communication when dealing with audio and video streaming, whereas modern database applications require lossless and often redundant communication. These databases themselves form the basis for many new application areas such as virtual enterprises and virtual laboratories, of which we can observe an impact on the system architecture. In other situations, computer systems are embedded in a larger environment that will put their own specific (real-time) demands on the overall computer system.

Keywords

Parallel, distributed and grid-based system architectures, computer systems modelling and simulation, (federated) database architecture, cooperative and inter-operable systems, advanced Internet.

NOAG-I-Theme: Parallel and Distributed Computing

Main themes

The leading objective of the Advanced Computing Systems Engineering programme is to let its re- search be driven by problems that are of relevance to society. The methodology applied is to find relevant problems that can be translated into interesting research questions that are challenging to be solved. As the relevant real-world applications will mainly be found in industry and the govern- mental agencies, collaboration with these actors is essential. In our research we restrict ourselves to methods and tools for complex, typically parallel/distributed, computing systems design and realization. This research activity comprises two major tracks:

1. Methods and tools for (embedded) computing systems design2. Advanced information management system support

The research on computing systems design (track 1) concentrates on modelling and simulation of complex computer based systems with the aim to predict performance. From two decades of modelling and simulation experience, we learned that the generalization of the models and the choice of abstraction levels is very dependent of the design questions posed, as well as of the system under study. We are currently applying this knowledge to the problem of embedded systems design. Modern embedded systems, like those for media processing, often have a heterogeneous system architecture with components in the range from fully programmable to dedicated hardware. These components are integrated as a system-on-chip that exploits task-level parallelism. The design complexity of such embedded systems makes it essential to have good tools available for exploring different design choices at an early design stage. Our research aims at developing modelling and simulation methods for the efficient design space exploration of heterogeneous embedded media systems. Key to this work is the definition of the abstraction levels at which these systems can be efficiently modelled. Another field of embedded system design we are studying is that of road transport telematics applications, like electronic fee collection. Contrary to the previous case where the emphasis is on modelling the architecture and application(s) separately, here the emphasis has been on modelling the computer system and application, including the sensory system, as a whole. In the computing systems design track, we also perform research on advanced Internet topics. The main emphasis of this work is to get the best Internet Quality of Service (QoS) for different applications and to design policy and security architectures for GRID applications and Middleware.

The information management research (track 2) focuses on the design and the prototypical development of database systems to support the classification and manipulation of the information handled within advanced and complex data-intensive applications. Considering the wide variety of both the information handling characteristics and the environment heterogeneity required by such complex applications, multi-faceted methodologies and mechanisms are to be considered in this research. Two main areas of research and development are considered. The first area is focused on the de- sign and development of fundamental infrastructures and mechanisms to support the advanced and complex data-intensive application domains. The second area is focused on certain specific sys- tem engineering applications, and the design and development of tailored frameworks and tools to support their needs. The Virtual Laboratory (VL) framework (discussed later on) is an important initiative that integrates the research in both areas.

2002 Results

A. Methods and tools for (embedded) computing systems design

Architectures and meThods for Embedded MedIa Systems (Artemis)In the Artemis project, an architecture modelling and simulation workbench is developed which aims at the efficient design space exploration of heterogeneous embedded media systems. In 2002, we mainly addressed the problem of architecture model refinement. More specifically, methods to model intra-task parallelism being exploited at architecture level were studied as well as methods for smoothly refining the modelling of communication behaviour. In addition, we completed an initial version of our prototype modelling & simulation environment, called Sesame. This environment includes an application model

execution engine, an architecture modelling & simulation framework and the required "glue" to specify the models and their mapping onto each other. This glue, which is an XML-based model description language (called YML or Y-chart Modelling Language), enables us to describe the structure of application and architecture models in a flexible manner. YML facilitates the re-use of model components as well as descriptions of compound components, and simplifies the description of complex model structures.

Fig. 6: The Artemis architecture workbench for rapid performance evaluation of embedded multimedia systems architectures.

A next generation Electronic Toll Collection system based on time, distance and positionIn this project, funded by the Norwegian FUNN-system we have performed a feasibility study. On one side it was an objective evaluation of all wireless technologies and their ability to perform the tasks described for three ETC scenarios. The evaluation should include both technologies for communication with the on board equipment in the vehicle, and localization of the vehicle in time and space. On the other side we took issues as market opportunities, total cost of ownership, return on investments, and technology development risks into account.

Advanced Logistics Information ExchangeThe project ALIE is part of the Dutch innovation program 'Connekt'. In this explorative study, a new way of information exchange between logistic companies will be researched. The intention is to increase the transparency inside logistic chains. The goal of the project is to demonstrate the potentials of a distributed environment to exchange logistic information. The feasibility and the applicability of such environment were verified with a simple prototype, which is accessible via the web. (http://www.science.uva.nl/~arnoud/projects/ALIE/).

Traffic LabIn the Traffic Lab we do research on different subjects related with mobility. The data collected during the project 'Rekeningrijden' (http://www.science.uva.nl/~arnoud/projects/rr.html) was used for calibrating the Random Traffic Generation model of our simulation-environment ADSSIM. To make this dataset available for other scientists, we have documented this set here in accordance with the recommendations as issued by the Dutch organization Platos. To facilitate the calibration of such complex models over a large parameter-space, we have connections to the mechanism of the VLAM-G project. DataTAGIn the context of the European DataTAG project we worked on techniques to characterize the proper- ties of world scale optical connections and understand their implications for the transport protocols used by data intensive grid applications. We adjusted network performance tools (a.o. UDPmon, Iperf) and monitoring tools (a.o. cricket, SmokePing). With those tools we performed extensive tests on the SURFnet Lambda from Amsterdam to Chicago.

Generic AAAResearch is conducted on the applicability of the Principles and Architecture of Generic Authentication Authorization and Accounting (AAA) as was defined within the IRTF AAAarch Research Group. Within the context of this research we are working on a prototype AAA system that controls the creation of a QoS path

across a Layer 1 or 2 network. The prototype will be used to allow policy-based creation of high bandwidth connections across multiple administrative domains within a Grid Environment. As part of this work, we participated in an effort to break the Internet2 Land Speed record, an ongoing contest to transport as much as possible data in a short time over an as large as possible distance. Our team in collaboration with the University of Alaska broke the previous record in April of 2002 for which we were awarded.

B. Advanced information management system support

Virtual Laboratory (VL)In the virtual laboratory (VL) project, we are developing a hardware and software reference architecture and laboratory framework to enable scientists and engineers to work on their problems via experimentation, making optimal use of modern information technology. To that end, three virtual laboratory domains are being developed: for experimental physics, for bio-informatics and biomedicine and for systems engineering.

Fig. 7: The Virtual Laboratory architecture.

Our contribution to the VL project can be subdivided into several sub-projects:* VLAM-G: the Grid-based Virtual Laboratory AMsterdam, provides a science portal for distributed analysis in applied scientific research. It offers scientists the possibility to carry out their experiments in a familiar environment, where content and data are clearly separated. Emphasis is put on the development and use of open standards and seamless integration of external devices. In a prototype implementation, we have applied several recent technologies such as the Globus toolkit, enhanced database systems, and visualization and simulation techniques. Work in the past year focused on the development of the VL-GUI, and VL-RTS, as well as the integration of components developed by other VL-partners (COMI-IvI, AMOLF, and SCS-IvI).* Information Management for Cooperation (VIMCO): The VIMCO component provides the necessary set of functionalities to support the storage and manipulation of the data handled by experiments, and the general information management for other architecture components and modules within the VL environment. The VIMCO design has been extended, improved, and integrated with the rest of the VL environment. Full implementation of the VIMCO Server based on its extended design is completed.* Archipel - Cooperative Islands of Information: The Archipel component addresses the collaborative information management aspects within the VL environment. Its design has been extended and improved. Possibility of applying the Grid technology to Archipel has been studied, focused mostly on the development of the distributed/federated query processing mechanism of VIMCO, based on the Grid base tools and functionality.* Expressive: aims at the design and development of an information management system for the specific application domain of micro-array experiments, as a part of the VL. The development of Expressive database is completed. Furthermore, experiment templates for micro-array experiments have been designed, built, and stored in the Expressive database. Some test data has been loaded into the database. The user interfaces are available as part of the VL.

Bio-molecular Informatics BMI-Flexwork

The NWO/BMI funded project Flexwork aims at the design and development of common data models, and required collaborated database architecture, to support complex and cooperative applications among biology research institutes, including the four universities of Leiden, Wageningen, Nijmegen, and Amsterdam. So far, several reference experimentation information management scenarios have been identified and defined, and more scenarios are being considered. The design and development activities of the supporting information management platform for these scenarios are under development.

TeleCARE The overall goal of this 5FP/IST funded TeleCARE project is the design and development of a configurable framework and new technological solutions for tele-supervision and tele-assistance, based on the integration of the multi-agent paradigm with the federated information management approach, applied to assist elderly people with their independent living. The core information management platform of the TeleCARE framework has been designed, and is being implemented. In this context, the main challenging tasks include: the resource catalogue management for both hardware devices and software vertical support services, the dynamic generation of database schemas based on their ontology definitions, and an agent-based federated query processing. The design of these components is completed, and their development is ongoing.

The Virtual Organizations Thematic Network Projects - THINKcreative, VOSTER, and VOmap The 5FP/IST funded THINKcreative project aims at establishing a working group of experts to act as a European advisory group in the area of virtual/networked organizations, to characterize and define scenarios of the emerging organizational forms and their required constituency for the next 5, 10, to 15 years, and to advise EC on its future RTD planning, within the framework of the "knowl- edge and skills economy". VOSTER is a funded 5FP/IST accompanying measure project, whose aim is to collect, analyse and synthesize the results from a number of leading European research projects on Virtual/Networked Organizations, in order to build a harmonized and effective consolidated baseline from the developments so far achieved by the industry and academia in Europe, in this area. The 5FP/IST VOmap is a thematic network project that aims to generate a road-map for a multi-disciplinary RTD, e.g. to identify and characterize the key research areas of challenge, required constituency, and implementation models, to be able to develop systems supporting emerging dynamic collaborative networks of organizations.

COoperation infrastructure for Virtual Enterprises and electronic business (COVE) The focus of IFIP TC5 project COVE is to assess and merge the international research results and practices in virtual enterprises and electronic business, leading to the design of a common reference architecture and reference model for the cooperation infrastructures, make an impact and provide the prospects for further collaborative developments.

3. Programming Methods and Programming Environments

General Information

Contact person : Prof Dr J.A. BergstraTelephone : +31 - 20 - 525 7462URL : http://www.science.uva.nl/research/prog/Fax : +31 - 20 - 525 7419

E-mail : janb@science.uva.nl

Position within the Organisation

The Programming Methods and Environments programme is carried out by the Programming Research Group (PRG) at the Informatics Institute of the Faculty of Science, one of the three research groups of the Computing, System Architecture and Programming Laboratory at the Informatics Institute of the Faculty of Science.The PRG participates in the Dutch Graduate School `IPA'

Characterization

Research in the Programming Research Group takes shape in two projects: Programming Methods and Programming Environments. In the first project, the design and systematic use of algebraic methods in the specification languages, modelling of processes, and program transformations are point of departure. This project primarily aims at the transfer of results to the scientific literature and to the educational stream. The Programming Environments project concentrates on the generation of programming environments from a formal language definition, in particular generic user-interfaces and implementation and integration of distributed, interactive systems. This project has produced several systems that are being distributed to others.

Keywords

Algebraic Specification, Generic Language Technology, Term Rewriting, Interoperability of Soft- ware Components, System Renovation

NOAG-I-Themes: Software Engineering (SE) and Algorithms and Formal Methods (AFM).

Main themes

The work in the Programming Methods and Environments programme during 2002 comprises two major projects:

Programming MethodsGeneral subject is the design and systematic use of algebraic methods in specification languages, modelling of processes, and program transformations. Bergstra supervises this project.

Programming EnvironmentsGenerating programming environments given a formal language definition. In particular the construction of generic user-interfaces, and the development of methods for the implementation and integration of distributed, interactive, systems. Application of algebraic specifications and the generated programming environments in the field of system renovation. Klint supervises this project.

In the Programming Methods project, process algebra is one of the possible options to specify and analyse the semantics of programs and programmed systems. With process algebra, one fully abstracts from the textual, syntactic appearance of programs, and one reasons in terms of behaviour.

Process algebra exists within the paradigm of semantics as homomorphism on syntax (compositional semantics): behaviour can be expressed in process expressions and is subject to forms of algebraic reasoning. In program algebra--contrary to process algebra--one considers aspects of the form of programs that are not preserved after abstraction to behaviour. Examples of such aspects are software metrics or programs with jump instructions (go to's); here the semantics is no longer a homomorphic image of the syntax. Program algebra is meaningful in the study of program transformations that occur, for instance, in compilers. Although the study of programs as text has a profound history in the setting of formal languages and grammars (concentrating on language recognition and parsing methodology), the path from program texts to program execution has not yet been a major subject in theoretical analysis. Module algebra is also part of program algebra; flattening a modularised specification is a manifest example of a program transformation with non-trivial semantics.

From the perspective of the Programming Environments project, both programming languages and application-oriented languages (e.g., for accessing databases or specifying financial products) need interactive tools to support activities like program development, maintenance, and renovation. In this project, we generate dedicated interactive environments and tools for these activities from formal definitions of the desired languages. The tooling for Programming Environments is based on fundamental notions like algebraic specification, term rewriting, process algebra, and generalized LR parsing. The research aims at further development and application of these notions (e.g., efficient compilation of term rewriting, scannerless parsing) as well as applications (e.g., renovation factories for software transformations).

2002 Results

1. Programming Methods

In the field of process algebra, we concentrated on foundational research, extensions of the theory, and publication in the scientific literature. Furthermore, our external collaborations in this area of research were continued. The program algebra project emerged in 1998. This project primarily aims at the transfer of this work to the scientific literature and to our own students. Our foundational work in the theory of algebraic specification and module algebra was continued too. We summarize our specific research themes:

Process algebra:

· A topic of research in process algebra is the integration of many-valued logic and process algebra via conditional composition constructs (this integration serves the specification and verification of error-prone processes). In this approach, the labels of transition systems--a common semantical notion in behavioural semantics--also carry a valuation, and associated variants of bisimulation equivalence were defined. Various non-standard logics were studied, and for their combination with process algebra, various completeness results on bisimulation equivalence were proved. (See van der Zwaag's Ph.D. Thesis.)

· A foundational study of the elements of process algebra, e.g. adjunction of deadlock and empty process, bisimulation, is being undertaken.

Program algebra:

· Further development and applications of program algebra, e.g., the definition of higher, special purpose dialects (for instance the enrichment with notions for compilers and networks), and appropriate projection functions.

· We also explored the possibility of semantic frameworks via polarized process algebra.

· Completion of a tool kit for program algebra, comprising projection functions and animation facilities for molecular programming, available from http://www.science.uva.nl/research/prog/projects/pga/.

Algebraic specification and module algebra:

· Investigation of modularisation of formal specifications based on module algebra.

· Algebraic specification of elementary data types and their transformation into well- behaved term rewriting systems.

· Theoretical issues related to algebraic specification (e.g. many sorted and/or partial algebras, induction and parameterised specification).

2. Programming Environments

The basic technological framework for our research is the ASF+SDF Meta-Environment: both an interactive development environment for ASF+SDF specifications and a generator for programming environments. The formalism ASF+SDF is based on algebraic specifications and context-free gram- mars and is used to specify syntactic and semantic aspects of programming and application languages. Implementation techniques for the Meta-Environment include term rewriting, scannerless generalized LR parsing (SGLR) and coordination of software components. The main scientific results can be summarized as follows:

· Component-based software engineering. Interconnection techniques for software components and coordination languages were developed. The main result is the TOOLBUS coordination architecture that uses a scripting language based on Process Algebra for describing (and executing) the cooperation between heterogeneous software components.

· ATerms. One of the abstractions used in the TOOLBUS architecture is that the exchange of data between components is described by simple prefix terms that can carry annotations for specific purposes. This idea has been perfected in ATerms: a very efficient library for the exchange of term-structured data. Main features are maximal subterm sharing, automatic garbage collection and binary term encoding.

· Efficient implementation of ASF+SDF. Using ATerms (and hence maximal subterm sharing) during term rewriting has two major implications: testing for term equality becomes a cheap, constant-time, operation that only uses pointer equality and the size of terms that can be manipulated increases orders of magnitude. Combining these two ideas with several optimisation techniques we can compile specifications to highly efficient C code. The resulting code is very fast and can handle huge terms (more than 106 nodes).

· Scannerless, generalized, LR parsing (SGLR). Generalized LR parsing (GLR) has always been used in the Meta-Environment. The primary reason is that GLR can be used to parse arbitrary context-free grammars. Since context-free grammars are closed under composition, they can be used for parsing modular grammars. This is a major advantage when dealing with large grammars for real languages (e.g., Cobol). SGLR takes this approach a step further by integrating lexical analysis and syntax analysis. As a result, the disambiguation mechanisms that are already present in GLR can also be applied at the lexical level.

· Generic debugging. With the introduction of heterogeneous, distributed systems a major problem arises: how to debug such a system that is written in a variety of languages. To solve this problem a generic, language-independent, model for debugging was designed. A first prototype that demonstrates the feasibility of this approach was completed: the ToolBus Integrated debugging Environment (TIDE).

· Renovation of the Meta-Environment. With the TOOLBUS architecture as a starting point, a redesign of the ASF+SDF Meta-Environment was carried out. Intermediate data representations as well as several components were redesigned, implemented, and connected to the TOOLBUS. The connection between compiled ASF+SDF modules and the TOOLBUS was also further developed.

· Reverse engineering. The renovation of the Meta-Environment has triggered our interests for software renovation in general. The Meta-Environment has, for instance, been used to the design and implementation renovation factories. Studies were also done in the area of type inference for COBOL.

· Connection with functional programming. An experiment was carried out in combining ASF+SDF technology with Haskell. The aim was to build prototype transformation factories.

· Grammar recovery and refactoring. in cooperation with the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, work was done on the semi-automatic recovery and transformation of grammars for legacy systems.

This project has produced several systems that are being distributed to others:

1. The ASF+SDF Meta-Environment: an interactive development environment for formal specifications that also acts as a generator for programming environments. In use at, for instance, universities in Aarhus, Amsterdam (UvA and Free University), La Coruna, Eindhoven, Glasgow, Groningen, Iowa, Leiden, Milano, Nijmegen, Rostock, Utrecht, York, and at Cap Gemini Ernst & Young (Utrecht), CWI (Amsterdam), Compuware (Amsterdam), First Result Consultants (Amsterdam), IBM Thomas Watson Research Center (New York), INRIA (Nancy), Fortis (Amsterdam), ING (Am- sterdam), Postbank (Amsterdam), and Software Improvement Group (Amsterdam). Applications of this system have been developed for (and in cooperation with), for instance, ABN AMRO, Cap Gem- ini Ernst & Young, Dutch Navy, Dutch PTT, GCEI, Fortis, Nederland-Haarlem, and Dutch Railways (NS). For more information see http://www.cwi.nl/~projects/MetaEnv.html.

2. The TOOLBUS coordination architecture: a system for the interconnection of heterogeneous, distributed systems. In use at, for instance, universities in Eindhoven, Kent (USA), Utrecht, and at CWI (Amsterdam) and Nederland-Haarlem (Haarlem). In addition the TOOLBUS is in use at all sites where the ASF+SDF Meta-Environment is being used. For more information see http://adam.wins.uva.nl/~olivierp/toolbus/index.html.

3. The GRAMMAR DEPLOYMENT KIT (GDK): a system for the semi-automatic recovery and trans- formation of legacy grammars. For more information see http://gdk.sourceforge.net

B. Research within the laboratory for multimedia and intelligent systems

4. Intelligent Sensory Information Systems

General information

Contact person : prof. dr. ir. A. W. M. SmeuldersTelephone : +31 - 20 - 525 7460URL : http://www.science.uva.nl/research/isis/Fax : +31 - 20 - 525 7490E-mail : smeulders@science.uva.nl

Position within the Organisation

This program is carried out by the Intelligent Sensory Information Systems group, one of the two research groups of the Multimedia and Intelligent Systems Laboratory at the Informatics Institute of the Faculty of Science.The Intelligent Sensory Information System Group participates in the Dutch Graduate School 'ASCI'.

Characterisation

The prime scientific target is to create access to the content of digital images and to learn from multimedia data repositories in general. New topics of research are picture-language combined information, tracking objects in video, learning object recognisers and image space delivery. We aim to bridge the semantic gap between pictorial data and the interpretation of the data. We do so from the image data driven interpretation by computer vision, as well as driven from knowledge about the image, designing algorithms of image analysis, experimenting on visual data, and learning from (very) large image data repositories. The research ranges from the theory of computer vision to innovative applications in multimedia. Implementations are in digital document structure analysis, video analysis, colour image analysis and picture search engines. Application areas currently are in industrial vision, multimedia document analysis, biological image processing.

Key Words

Computer vision, image processing, multimedia information analysis, pattern recognition, multimedia databases, e-documents, image/video retrieval, performance evaluation of vision, mathematical morphology, colour vision, shape, content-based image retrieval, query optimisation, parallel processing, extensible databases

Main themes

Content-based access of multi-media data

The goal of multimedia information access is to provide efficient content-based methods for indexing and retrieving multimodal information (images, video, sound, music). The success of a content-based multimedia retrieval engine depends on the generality, expressiveness and robustness of the multimedia features expressing the similarity between multimedia documents. We aim at new storage and retrieval technology to make large scale image/video assets manageable, searchable, targetable and reusable.

Colour in computer vision

Colour computer vision aims at defining a colour theory for vision and image sequences and to develop models for colour image processing methods. Colour vision is a very powerful component in image databases, image sequences as well as the processing of real world scenes. The purpose is to formulate computational methods, data structures and colour space representations to design proper colour image processing algorithms and to develop sets of colour invariant image features.

Theory of computer vision

Invariance in computer vision is a recurrent theme in the design of methods to describe shape and form analysis for the identification of equivalence classes with respect to particular shape descriptor. That is, the tools are designed to be invariant under the appearance changes that leave the interpretation constant. Shape and form analysis is based on linear theory encompassing linear scale-space theory and the differential structure of images as well as mathematical morphological based on complete lattice theory with a strong emphasis on the multi-local geometrical interpretation. To design long-term tracking of objects, we study on instant learning of appearances.

Learning and tracking

We aim to learn rather than model object recognisers from large sets of data. One aspect is the task to remove the accidental conditions at the time of recording from the observations to retrain the true object common characteristics. This yields invariant descriptors for colour, texture, and structure. The other aspect is learning the most salient information carrying elements in a dataset by active learning. In this way, partially annotated and very large datasets can be used.

Spatial and extensible databases

Spatial and pictorial databases are being researched for the purpose of providing consistency to spatial reasoning in an attempt to enhance spatial data-structure design. The formalization of spatial queries and the formalization of spatial data is pursued to guarantee consistency on a pictorial content-level to spatial databases. The purpose is to advance the insight in spatial and multi media data databases as they differ from standard databases. The long-term goal is integrating computer vision tools, OO-databases, and image query tools into complete image information systems.

Software and systems

The aim of vision systems is to define a framework to support software development. The aim is to get to a framework consisting of a number of software modules, workbenches for performance analysis and environments with databases,

including appropriate interfaces. Performance evaluation to establish precisely what a computational method can or cannot achieve. In the computer vision community these engineering aspects are only recently taken into consideration. We design meta-systems to enable easy performance evaluation.

2002 Results

Content-based access of multi-media data

Content-based access to large stacks of images has been a topic of study for some time now. Based on the invariant colour features, to be described below, successful methods have been designed to achieve image retrieval robust against variations in illumination, viewpoint and occlusion.

For the retrieval of videos, we aim at integrating information from different multi-media sources: image, motion, sound and tele-text. This has lead to successful research and a demonstrator on television news. The work on understanding the structure of images and videos is continued with the segmentation of videos into shots, scenes and logical story units with state of the art success rates.

Fig. 8: For video indexing, various information sources are available. It is necessary to structure available information from each modality into semantic units, so that the information from various modalities can be related to one another. We propose to incorporate interaction with the user into the structuring process rather than using interaction to correct results. The use of interaction and visualization techniques leads to effective indexing and retrieval of movie segments.

Large sets of documents are analysed for their page layout characteristics, the reading order, and their type of genre (e.g. scientific/news/commercial papers). These methods were successfully applied to classify office documents and scientific papers.

Due to the large semantic gap between the visual data and the verbal description given by a user, we view user interaction as an essential part of retrieval systems. To this end, we have defined a unifying framework for interactive retrieval of images. Further, we have developed methods for user-based filtering of image databases and interaction-driven video analysis.

Further, the goal of the Esprit project "Integrating Manuals and Training" (IMAT) is to decompose technical manuals into atomic entities and to annotate them automatically. The annotated documents are then used for training. We have developed bottom-up tools for annotating engineering drawings to store in an object-oriented database through an XML-exchange protocol.

The research topic on content-based access of multimedia data has lead to a paper in the most prominent journal in the area of pattern recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (IEEE PAMI), and papers in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia (IEEE IP). These journals are among the top ten journals in computer science in the world. Further, courses have been given at major conferences such as International Conference on Pattern

Recognition (ICPR) and the Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging and Vision. Finally, a Ph. D. thesis on image and video access has been completed by J. Vendrig entitled "Interactive Exploration of Visual Content".

We will continue this line of research with a further integration of multi-media sources, a further understanding of the structure of video documents and interactive access to the semantic content of large collections of multi-media information.

Colour in computer vision

Colour is an important cue in image analysis. Image processing of colour images requires special attention as well as new possibilities to see detail where grey value methods cannot.

In our approach, physical models have studied to arrive at invariant representations of colour, wiping out selected accidental circumstances at the recording of the scene. In this way, one can discard in a scene, curved geometry and/or illumination colour.

The combination of several invariant representations has lead to the classification of edges by type into either shadow edge, geometry fold, highlight or material edge; a classification not achievable in grey value images.

The other approach is based on a colour space obtained from decomposing the natural variation of colours in the world. This Gaussian colour scale space is a generalization of the common scale space, sampling the spatial and colour scales on equal foot and in a well posed fashion. The colour scale space renders its complete set of colour and/or spatially invariant features. All the new colour representations are suited for digital analysis of colour images and as such they have won their place in the long history of the many colour spaces already known for printing, television, physics of the eye, or for equal perception of colour.

From the general theory, methods are derived for industrial colour vision, analysis of colour in documents, colour in microscopy, general images as appearing on the worldwide web. The topic on colour has led to many publications in journals and major conferences. We aim at expanding the analysis to take on the same invariant representation of texture next, as well as the semantic meaning of colour. Colour is the topic of various papers published in major journals (e.g. IEEE PAMI and IEEE IP), and presentations at different conferences.

Theory of computer vision

As an essential part of the research agenda we advance the theory of computer vision on the issue of object analysis.

Mathematical morphology is an important paradigm for low-level image processing. Our group has a long tradition on the topic at a theoretical as well as a practical level, with applications in industrial and machine vision. Research has been carried out on bringing two basic theories of low-level vision (i.e. linear theory and morphological theory) on par. To that end, the slope transform has been introduced as the morphological equivalent of the Fourier transform. Morphological scale-space has been founded on the same principles as linear scale-space. For practical mathematical morphology, we aim at developing

efficient algorithms. This implies efficient decomposition schemes for structuring elements as well as the design of C++ patterns for morphological image processing.

Learning and tracking

Image segmentation is the task of delineating the image of an object from the real world in the digital data array. It is one of the fundamental difficulties of computer vision, easily surpassed by man's superior capabilities. The difficulty resides in the fact that even man cannot rarely give a formal pictorial description why a boundary is positioned at a certain location and that is what a computer needs to perform the job. We contribute a variety of solutions.

The necklace approach offers a solution to inhomogeneous boundaries as seen in three-dimensional images of the spine. A boundary will be inhomogeneous when there are neighbouring, touching or overlapping objects, or when the boundary is out of sight due to noise or occlusion. In our example, individual vertebrae are delineated using an a priori geometrical model to be deformed for each vertebra.

In general, segmentation of moving objects from motion scenes requires more computation time but offers better possibilities for general applicability by detecting which of the object points move together. A region-based approach was combined with global smoothness constraints to integrate tracking with a priori knowledge of the object's shape. Also, a method was based on Kalman-prediction for every single image point to delineate and track objects in image sequences and applied it to James Bond movies to demonstrate its quality, see Figure 9. It is capable of following a subject even under occlusion behind another person or under changes of surface characteristics by putting on sunglasses, for example.

Fig. 9: Human faces are detected and tracked automatically. The tracking is robust to occlusions.

Finally, several line- and spot-tracking tools have been designed from first principles for the segmentation of line patterns such as engineering drawings, condensed chromosomes or networks of microscopic heart cell images alike. Spot segmentation and tracking tools methods for microscopic images have been implemented.

The topic on image segmentation have lead to articles in major journals (e.g. IEEE IP), presentations at important international conferences (IEEE CVPR and IEEE ICCV), and a Ph. D. thesis entitled "Strings and Necklaces" by S. Ghebreab.

Spatial and extensible databases

Spatial and extensible databases are developed in the MAGNUM-project, which ended in 1999. Amongst the results obtained, the Monet database kernel and its modules for image and geo-spatial reasoning stands out. Research in the area of database kernels was focused on consolidation of the results obtained in recent years in journal papers. The activities were realized in close co-operation with the CWI-database group. In the area of database kernels, an innovative experimental analysis uncovered the lack of performance improvement in database technology over the last decade. The underlying reason is the relative progress

in CPU- and RAM-technology, which shows a increasing performance bottleneck. As a result, traditional database solutions use less then a few percent of the available resources. This observation has led to novel techniques to measure the resource waste and new database algorithms to avoid resource stales.

The topic on spatial databases resulted in papers in the most prominent journal (number one) in the area of databases, the Very Large Data Base Journal. A Ph. D. thesis has been concluded by P. Boncz entitled "Monet: a Next-Generation DBMS Kernel for Query-intensive Applications".

Software and systems

Software is consolidated where needed in a pattern-based, object-oriented library for image processing, computer vision and interaction under the name of Horus, see Figure 10. Ten computational patterns have been identified which cover the majority of all image processing operations. Once these patterns have been implemented in C++, an image processing function is nothing but an instantiation of the pattern, cutting back on the development and test cycles, and improving reliability. In addition, the use of patterns permits the use of more data types. For a general-purpose image pro- cessing development suite, up to 32 different data types are needed ranging from two-dimensional integer images to three-dimensional time sequences of colour images.

Fig. 10: The objective is to build a software platform for multi-media information analysis. The platform contains software modules for analysis of images and video, for communication with an Oracle database, and for communication with multi-media hardware such as camera's, mpeg boards, and DVD's. The software modules are connected through CORBA to allow for an application on one computer to have transparent access to computing resources on another computer that may be running different operating system.

A separate seed topic is the study of parallelism in image processing tasks. The purpose of the research is to anticipate on future generation computer systems while constructing a parallel processing library compatible with Horus.

The platforms and demonstrator systems are based on the CORBA standard for middleware designing a product independent coupling of database, image processing, statistics and visualization packages.

Image processing as a design process

The research topic of developing image processing tools as a design process was concluded as a separate research topic. One sub-topic was the design of methods for evaluating the performance in terms of robustness of image processing methods. Formalization of the design of image processing tools results in the use of self-reliant detectors each carefully documented on its operational domain describing the complete picture set for which the detector will operate well. The method has been applied to engineering drawings as well as seeds. A Ph. D. thesis has been completed by E.A. Engbers with title "On the Design of Generic Vision Modules".

In the same class of topics, a development method was developed formalizing the design of vision tools in industrial vision. The process starts from a design

drawing as a specification of the geometry of an object and ends with a set of vision tools which verify the size and shape of the object. Here also a Ph. D. thesis has been concluded entitled "Recognition of Graphical Symbols" by A. Jonk.

2003 and beyond

With first priority we will increase the effectiveness of our solutions in image retrieval and image search engines by expanding on our experience with learning from image databases.

Computational efficiency of image search engines will be increased by the joint development with spatial and extensible databases. This is important as it will open up domains of hundreds of thou- sands of images, a significant step towards data-mining the content.

At the same time, we aim to expand to create full access to multimedia documents. The integration of information from text and pictures is a very interesting topic both scientifically, as it reveals a lot about the nature of information, as well as practically as multimedia documents will be ubiquitous as is the need for their access. The MultimediaN project provides the opportunity to reach this goal with the intended delivery of a large-scale experimentation platform for multimedia information analysis.

To advance the understanding of the content of an image, we aim at characterizing semantic entities, objects, textures and motion patterns by semantic labels. We aim at recording objects from all viewpoints in a complete appearance sphere. Initial results show the feasibility of the approach in the discrimination. One such approach yields positive state of the art results in learning to detect objects in hours of video.

We will further concentrate our effort in theory of computer vision, especially on the foundations of low-level vision on the partial differential equations in mathematical morphology and the foundations of color vision.

Over the years we have invested in a new, object-oriented software platform for vision. By the end of the year we hope to deliver a first complete system for internal use with an expected lifetime of 10 years.

5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems

General information

Contact person : prof. dr ir F.C.A. GroenTelephone : +31 - 20 - 525 7461URL : http://www.science.uva.nl/research/ias/Fax : +31 - 20 - 525 7490E-mail : groen@science.uva.nl

Position within the Organisation

This program is carried out by the Intelligent Autonomous Systems group, one of the two research groups of the Multimedia and Intelligent Systems Laboratory at the Informatics Institute of the Faculty of Science.

The Intelligent Autonomous Systems group participates in the Dutch Graduate School 'ASCI'.

Characterisation

We develop methodologies to create intelligent autonomous systems that perceive their environment through sensors and use that information to generate intelligent, goal-directed behaviour in a perception-action cycle. These intelligent systems may be single systems, or multiple systems working together. In particular, we study perception for autonomous systems based on vision and sound; we develop a unified framework for geometric computations; we study coordination mechanisms for the distributed decision making of a large number of agents; and we develop computational methods for learning systems and probabilistic reasoning.

Key Words

sensor-interpretation, robotics, self-learning systems, real-world multi-agents, sensor data fusion, reactive behaviour, autonomous learning systems, neuro-computation, geometric programming

Main themes

We study the methodologies to create intelligent autonomous systems. Such systems obtain their information from sensors and use that information to generate intelligent, goal-directed actions. As these systems operate in a sense-think-act loop, they can inherently learn from perceiving the result of their actions. They may be single entities or cooperating multi-agent systems, and they must operate in a real dynamic world, inhabited by humans and other agents.

Characteristic for real-world problems is that the sensor data are noisy and hard to interpret since models are often unavailable, inaccurate, or incomplete. On the other hand, because of the real- world environment, data and models have geometrical coherence and are constrained by physics. Our research focuses on new methods which inherently incorporate this real-world structure, in order to produce data processing and modelling that is robust to noise and computationally efficient.

Multi agents systems share their perception resulting in a distributed world model. Coordinated action between multiagents is a real challenge, which we approach by Markov decision processes and multiagent learning strategies. As case study we use Robot Soccer.

In the field of intelligent robots, specific applications we work on include service and personal robots and intelligent cars both in structured and unstructured terrain. In the area of surveillance and safety, we have projects in distributed surveillance systems and decision support agents.

2002 Results

Perception for autonomous systems

We develop methodologies for accurate motion estimation and interpretation from image sequences. Mobile vision platforms have their applications in traffic and driving in unstructured terrain. Applications of static platforms are in public safety, and intelligent care homes for the elderly. We cooperate with TNO-FEL and TNO-TPD in a Centre of Excellence on Intelligent Autonomous Systems in these applications.

The digital rear-view mirror project resulted in a PhD thesis. In this project a novel technique for dynamic template tracking was developed together with methods for ego-motion estimation and image stabilization. This enables vehicle detection and tracking from single camera sequences to estimate time-to-contact and lane shifts. We demonstrated the viability of our approach on real world image sequences.

We cooperate with TNO-FEL in the RoboJeep project, which aims at driving through unstructured terrain. A method for estimating ego-motion with vehicle mounted stereo cameras was developed based on finding corresponding features in stereo images and tracking them between succeeding stereo frames. Our approach estimates stereo ego-motion with geometric algebra techniques. Starting with a simple linear estimate of the ego-motion, estimates for the motion and reconstructed positions of features in space are updated incrementally. With simple geometric algebraic operations it is possible to improve towards a high precision motion estimate. We show the application of our approach in the real world by estimating the driven path of a vehicle in rough terrain from recorded stereo image sequences.

Also in cooperation with TNO-FEL methodologies for public safety are developed. Many surveillance algorithms use both background modelling to detect moving objects and object tracking to analyse the motion patterns of the objects detected. In this project we integrate background modelling using EM and object tracking using colour histograms. Expectation Maximization (EM) is used to model the background and detect moving objects. Using EM we can calculate the probability that a pixel value belongs to the background. Simultaneously, from the colour histogram of an object, the probability that the pixel belongs to the object is estimated. This enables a classification between background and objects based on probabilities.

For indoor navigation we have developed methods to extract range information from a sequence of images captured during navigation. In the office robot project we use an omnidirectional vision system for the localization of the robot. We have developed a multi-baseline stereo vision algorithm for panoramic image data, which fuses range data obtained from multiple stereo pairs in a probabilistic fashion.

Principles of autonomous systems

Tasks for autonomous systems also essentially require ability to process uncertain information (often of a geometrical nature) from different sources in a structured manner. This requires integrated geometric data structures and operators, and a goal-directed method of dealing with decisions on the basis of incomplete data.

In the collaborative project on robot surveillance with ILLC, we have studied computational proper- ties of the perceptions and decisions in the fundamental problem of robot surveillance, using abstraction of the environment based on its geometrical coherence, to reduce the computational complexity that currently

hamper real-time application of decision-theoretic techniques. This was completed in a Ph.D. thesis.

For the processing of geometric data, we are using the newly discovered mathematics of `geometric algebra' to great effect. In theoretical development, stable factorisation algorithms were found and implemented. We have continued the development of our fast C++ package GAIGEN, now including OPEN-GL visualization. In a ray tracer, the performance of the geometric algebra approaches have been compared with that of more classical linear algebra based implementations. A Kalman filter for orientations has been developed and implemented. We are testing our methodology and software in practical applications such as our RoboJeep project (with FEL/TNO) and a desktop virtual 3D interactive station at CWI.

Learning, probabilistic and neural computing

Autonomous systems must be learning systems because the internal models on which their decisions or actions are based may be incomplete because of lack of knowledge or because of a changing environment. We develop learning and probabilistic reasoning methods for intelligent systems operating in a real world.

An example is the personal robot project, where we developed novel learning techniques for the environment representation and a probabilistic update for its position. The methods have been implemented on a test robot at Philips Research in collaboration with partners from a European project on Ambient Intelligence (`Ambience'). In a parallel project, funded by NWO, we investigate the formation of conceptual models. Service robots, personal assistance and other intelligent computers that operate in the real world inhabited by humans, deal with problems of interacting in a "natural" way with humans about their environment. In this project we develop novel learning methods that can be used for concept formation in a human-robot interaction. Our agent is a mobile robot equipped with omni-directional vision and it categorizes visual inputs into concepts related to target locations and places in the environment. We use an hierarchical architecture that allows the robot to learn about concepts at different abstraction levels from "move forward 3 centimetres" to "go to the robot lab".

Another important line of research concerns the modelling of sensory data. Typical sensor data are high dimensional and noisy, while the underlying process generating this data may have a lower dimension. For example, all images of a face looking in two different directions can be considered as noisy points lying on a 2D-dimensional manifold embedded in the space of high-dimensional measurements. We developed methods that map high dimensional data to a low dimensional space that preserves the structure of the data. The approach in our research is a combination of several local linear mappings. A probabilistic framework allows us to find appropriate locations for the local linear maps and the regions for which they are responsible. Work was supported by STW. An alternative model-based approach was studied for the classification of radar data from airplanes, in collaboration with TNO-FEL.

Image data is also modelled in other applications. Surveillance systems often need to track a moving object through larger areas or buildings. In case the camera's (or other sensors) do not overlap, the system is faced with the problem whether an object observed with a camera at some time is the same object as observed by some other camera some time ago. To deal with the uncertainty we use probabilistic networks. These methods are able to model the belief in target trajectories. Hidden Markov models can be seen as a special class. At the moment

we adapt probabilistic methods developed for traffic surveillance to indoor tracking problems. An experimental set-up is built. The project is funded by STW.

A newly started collaboration with the Department of Social Science Informatics (SWI) of the UvA aims at assisting human users by estimating their interests and predicting their future behaviour (the project DUMPERS: Distributed user modelling for personalized exploring recommender systems, funded by NWO/ToKeN2000). We use an adaptive web site as test application. User models are formed and estimated based on the interactions with the site and a recommender system uses these models to guide users faster to the content of their interest.

Multi-agent systems

Since recently our group has been involved in research on `multiagent systems': these are ensembles of artificial agents that are characterized by distributed perception and decentralized decision making. We use game-theoretic models for analysing and solving problems involving multiagent systems. Our emphasis is on real-world systems in which the state space is continuous and the number of agents can be large. We are developing appropriate techniques for mapping the continuous-state representations to discrete-state ones by assigning `roles' to the agents. In the case of many agents, we are working with `coordination graphs', a framework that allows solving large game-theoretic coordination problems by decomposing them into several smaller sub-problems.

We are also investigating the implications of the `common knowledge' assumption on multiagent systems, in which each agent knows a fact, each agent knows that each agent knows the fact, and so on to any depth. Such common knowledge assumptions ensure sufficient levels of consistency in the shared modelling of the environment, distributed decision making and coordination, etc. Potential applications of this line of research are, traffic networks, rescue scenarios, distributed monitoring and surveillance, and many more.

Together with TU Delft we have developed a team of mobile robots that participates in the `middle- size robot soccer', in several tournaments in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The project involves many students and diverse staff involvement, and is a successful example of a cooperative research project involving different groups. In this context we study distributed shared world models, and team behaviours based on models of cooperating real-world agents.

We are also participating in the `simulated robot soccer' with a team that became 1st in the European championship in 2001 and two times 4th in the world cup. This team is used as test bed to test the various game-theoretic techniques mentioned above.

Chapter 3 Applied research and Education

1. Computational Informatics

The knowledge acquired through Computational Science is vital to solve many important problems in contemporary society, not only in the general sense, through the development of know-how, solution techniques and tools, but also through the development of specific applications and Grid middleware.

The Grid promises to become an important paradigm for business computing and our efforts in developing grid based environments is therefore very relevant. Many of our applications have a clear societal relevance. As an example, consider the work performed for the vascular reconstruction. The societal relevance of the flooding crisis management application in the CrossGrid project has been dramatically demonstrated recently, with and estimated damage of over 10 billion Euros due to flooding in Germany alone. Finally, the HIV infection related work clearly is of high societal relevance.

2. Advanced Computing Systems Engineering

The social and technological relevance of our research is illustrated by the impact this research has for companies like Philips, where the architectures of consumer electronics become increasingly heterogeneous and complex. Good tool support, to assist architects during all design stages, becomes more and more important for designing these systems. Another example is the introduction of road pricing along the Dutch roads, which has been a political issue for many years. In the CAPS group, we have concentrated on the technical issues of this subject. In both examples modelling and simulation of the systems play an important role in studying their behaviour before they are actually built. The industrial benefit of our Virtual Laboratory research is illustrated by the opportunities offered to, for example, commercial aviation companies: using virtual laboratory infrastructures, companies like Boeing have access to a Virtual Wind Tunnel to perform large simulations needed for the design of new wind turbines for aircrafts.

3. Programming Methods and Programming Environments

In the Programming Methods and Environments programme, the general aim is to support the development of better software in a systematic manner. Design and analysis on the conceptual level both are indispensable for a better understanding of programming, programming languages and programmed systems. The connection between our different projects has always been the transfer of concepts and models to the experimental stream and to the scientific community.

Sophisticated tools based on a firm foundation are crucial for the gradual improvement of software engineering practices. The results of the Programming Environments project may have a major impact on the longer-term software development strategies in industry. In the software IT industry, most development is about enhancing existing systems, for instance, providing new front-ends to established back-ends, capitalizing on existing relational technology for data storage, and building new interfaces to existing software assets. Organizations are more and more trying to find effective ways to reuse their investments in existing packages, databases, and legacy assets. Evidently, more and more people working in the software engineering area will be working on existing systems. This project perfectly fits these needs from the IT industry.

4. Intelligent Sensory Information Systems

ISIS has been awarded as one of three national centers in the IOP-program for industrial vision. The IOP-project is performed in cooperation with Stork, Oce, Philips CFT, Philips Medical Systems, Eagle Vision, ENZA, TNO, DLO, Noldus, Nederlands Forensisch Instituut, SPC and a few other industries.

The AMIS project combines five computer science research schools of the Netherlands into one integrated project on image search. The emphasis towards multimedia is further developed through an ICES KIS II grant of MEuro 4 to the UvA and the CWI with additional support from Elsevier, Oce, TNO, Datadistilleries. The aim is to convert high level research in multi-media information analysis into demonstrators, half-products and other means of innovation in Dutch industry.

The European IMAT project is developed with support from a variety of industries in Europe.

We have set up a joint venture with TNO called MediaMill in the area of multi-media information analysis.

In the context of the ICES KIS and IOP programs, we design and show demonstrators to a large variety of industries and institutions. Demonstrators are in the area of image search, the PictoSeek system as well as the Filter Image Browser, document image analysis, document genre classification and the MediaMill video indexer.

Based on our experience with SCIL-Image, an environment for image processing algorithms im- plemented for 10 years in a large number of scientific labs for image processing mostly within the Netherlands, we are designing the object-oriented pattern-based Horus C++ package. We aim to turn Horus into an open source product in use in advanced research labs in image processing.

5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems

The work on motion estimation and interpretation could lead to intelligent driver assist systems. The techniques are also applicable in transport systems and public surveillance systems.

The techniques developed in the robot soccer study are expected to be applicable in real world multi-agent systems with distributed sensing of dynamic environments. Applications are in ambient environments, elderly and handicapped care and robot rescue.

Chapter 4 Facts and Figures

Financial paragraph

Income Lump sum (university funding) 1584Income from research activities 5701Other income 84

Total 7369

ExpensesPersonnel 3287Other expenses 3125

Total 6412

Net result 957

Research input

Research effort in fte for 2001, 2002 and planned effort in 2003

1. Computational Informatics

Surname Initials Title Pos. Period 2001 2002 2003 Funding senior staffSloot P.M.A. prof.dr hl 0.4 0.4 0.4 1 Bogdanov A.V. prof.dr hl visiting 0.1 0.1 0.0 3 Bubak M. dr uhd visiting 0.1 0.1 0.0 3 Hoffmann W.H. dr uhd 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

other senior staff Albada G.D.van dr ud 0.4 0.4 0.4 1 Hoekstra A.G. dr ir uhd 0.4 0.4 0.4 1 Kaandorp J.A. dr ud 0.4 0.4 0.4 1&3 Portegies Zwart S. dr pd 0.0 0.4 0.4 2 Zudilova E.V. dr pd 0.0 0.4 0.4 1

junior staffBelleman R. drs aio 1.0 0.7 0.0 2 Belleman R. drs aio 0.0 0.3 0.0 2 Iskra K.A. drs aio 1.0 1.0 1.0 3 Kanter D. de drs obp 1.0 1.0 1.0 0 Merks R. drs aio 1.0 1.0 0.3 1 Hassan A.M.M.A.M. drs aio 1.0 1.0 0.4 3 Santoso J. drs oio 1.0 0.9 0.0 2 Spinnato P.F. drs aio 1.0 1.0 0.5 2 Zhao Z. M.Sc. aio until 01-11-021.0 0.8 0.0 2 Zhao Z. M.Sc. aio from 01-11-02 0.0 0.2 1.0 3 Krzhizhanorskaya V.K. drs aio 1.0 1.0 1.0 3 Shulakov R. drs obp from 01-03-02 0.0 0.8 1.0 3 Shamonin D. drs obp from 01-03-02 0.0 0.8 1.0 3 Tirado Ramos R. drs aio from 01-06-02 0.0 0.6 1.0 3 Engler S. obp from 01-06-02 0.0 0.6 1.0 3

Gualandris A. drs aio from 01-09-02 0.0 0.3 1.0 2

2. Advanced Computing Systems Engineering

Surname Initials Title Pos. Period 2001 2002 2003 Fund.senior staffHertzberger L.O. prof.dr hgl 0.4 0.4 0.4 1Boasson M. prof.drs hgl 0.1 0.1 0.1 3Meijer R. prof.dr hgl 0.0 0.1 0.1 3Afsarmanesh H. dr uhd 0.4 0.4 0.4 3De Laat C. dr uhd 0.2 0.4 0.4 3

other senior staffPimentel A.D. dr ud 0.4 0.4 0.4 1Belloum A.S.Z. dr ud 0.7 0.4 0.4 3Yakali H. dr oz 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Lagerberg J.M. drs oz education only 0.0 0.0 0.0 3Inge A. van drs oz 0.1 0.1 0.1 1Visser A. drs oz 0.4 0.4 0.4 3Visser A. drs oz 0.1 0.1 0.1 1Hendrikse Z. dr pd 0.2 0.7 0.7 1Benabdelkader A. dr oz 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Garita C. dr oz has left 0.7 0.7 0.0 3

support staffHalderen A.W. van drs. wso has left 0.3 0.0 0.0 1

junior staffPolstra S. drs oz 0.3 0.5 0.5 2Terpstra F. drs aio 0.4 0.7 0.7 3Coffland J. bsc aio has left 0.2 0.5 0.0 2Frenkel A. msc beurs has left 0.7 0.5 0.0 3Kaletas E.C. msc beurs 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Guevara Masis V. msc beurs 0.5 0.7 0.7 3Unal O. msc beurs 0.0 0.2 0.7 3Erbas C. msc aio 0.0 0.2 0.7 3

3. Programming Methods and Programming Environments

Surname Initials Title Pos. Period 2001 2002 2003 Fund.senior staffBergstra J.A. prof.dr hgl 0.4 0.1 0.1 1Klint P. prof.dr hgl 0.1 0.1 0.1 1Ponse A. dr uhd 0.2 0.4 0.4 1

other senior staffBethke I. dr ud 0.4 0.4 0.4 1Loots M.E. dr ud education only 0.0 0.0 0.0 1Rodenburg P.H. dr ud 0.4 0.4 0.4 1Ro¨el R.W.J. dr do education only 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

support staffDiertens B. ir wso 0.3 0.3 0.3 1

junior staff

Kort J. drs aio 0.7 0.7 0.3 1Svirgunenko Y. B.Sc. oio has left 0.4 0.0 0.0 2Vu T.D. drs aio 0.4 0.7 0.7 1

4. Intelligent Sensory Information Systems

Surname Initials Title Pos. Period 2001 2002 2003 Fund.senior staffSmeulders A.W.M. prof. dr ir hgl 0.5 0.5 0.5 1Kersten M. L. Prof. dr hgl 0.1 0.1 0.1 1Werkhoven P. Prof. dr hgl 0.0 0.1 0.1 3Boomgaard R. van den dr ir ud 0.5 0.5 0.5 1Gevers Th. dr uhd 0.5 0.5 0.5 1&3 Koelma D. dr oz 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Worring M. dr uhd 0.5 0.5 0.5 1

post-docsGeusebroek J.M. dr ud 0.7 0.7 0.7 3 Ghebreab S. dr pd 0.6 0.4 0.0 3Nguyen H.T. dr pd 0.5 0.7 0.7 3Patras I. dr pd 0.5 0.7 0.2 2Vendrig J. dr pd 0.7 0.7 0.2 2

scientific system engineeringBoer N.H.J. de drs wso 0.7 0.7 0.2 2Poll J.E. drs wso 0.2 0.0 0.0 1Gemert J. van wso 0.3 0.2 0.2 3Navarro M. M.Sc. wso 1.0 0.5 0.0 3 Verster F. ing. wso 0.6 0.8 0.8 1

PhD studentsSeinstra F.J. drs aio 0.7 0.7 0.4 2Aiello M. M.Sc. beurs 0.35 0.0 0.0 3Aldershoff F. drs. oz 0.0 0.35 0.7 3Bagdanov A. M.Sc. aio 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Burghouts G.J. drs. aio 0.0 0.35 0.7 3Bergsma C.B.J. ir aio 0.7 0.0 0.0 2Diplaros A. M.Sc. aio 0.2 0.7 0.7 3Engbers E.A. ir aio 0.2 0.0 0.0 3Hoang M.A. M.Sc. aio 0.7 0.7 0.6 3Mehra S. drs aio 0.35 0.7 0.7 1Nguyen G.P. M.Sc. aio 0.2 0.7 0.7 2Pham T.V. M.Sc. aio 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Snoek C.G.M. drs aio 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Todoran L. M.Sc. aio 0.7 0.6 0.0 2Weijer J. van de ir aio 0.7 0.7 0.7 2

5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems

Surname Initials Title Pos. Period 2001 2002 2003 Fund.senior staffGroen F.C.A. prof.dr ir hgl 0.3 0.3 0.3 1Dooijes E.H. dr uhd 0.4 0.1 0.0 1Krose B.J.A. dr ir uhd 0.4 0.4 0.4 1

other senior staffBakker B. dr pd from 11-02 0.0 0.0 0.1 2Dorst L. dr ir ud 0.4 0.4 0.4 1Oud M. dr pd has left 0.4 0.0 0.0 2Porta J. dr pd has left 0.0 0.0 0.7 2Vlassis N. dr pd 0.7 0.0 0.0 3Vlassis N. dr ud 0.0 0.5 0.5 1Hagen S.H.G. ten dr pd 0.0 0.7 0.7 2Zaharia M. dr. pd has left 0.0 0.4 0.7 2

support staffFontijne D. drs. wso 1.0 1.0 1.0 2Terwijn B. ing. wso 0.2 0.0 0.0 1

junior staffBouma T. B.Sc. aio 0.6 0.35 0.35 1Bunschoten R. drs. aio 0.7 0.7 0.5 3Hagen S.H.G. ten drs aio 0.7 0.0 0.0 2Leeuwen M.B. van ir aio 0.7 0.7 0.1 1Kok J. drs. aio 0.0 0.5 0.7 1Massios N. M.Sc. beurs 0.35 0.35 0.0 1Mark W. van der drs aio 0.0 0.35 0.35 3Portegies Zwart J. drs. aio 0.7 0.7 0.7 3Spaan M.T.J. drs. aio 0.0 0.5 0.7 2Verbeek J.J. drs. aio 0.3 0.7 0.7 2Withagen P. drs. aio 0.3 0.35 0.35 3Zajdel W. drs. aio 0.2 0.7 0.7 2

Appendices

Appendix 1 Publications

1. Computational Informatics

Five key publications

[1] K.A. Iskra, R.G. Belleman, G.D. van Albada, J. Santoso, P.M.A. Sloot, H.E. Bal, H.J.W. Spoelder, and M. Bubak. The polder computing environment, a system for interactive distributed simulation. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 14:1313-1335, 2002. Special Issue on Grid Computing Environments.

[2] B.D. Kandhai, D. Hlushkou, A.G. Hoekstra, P.M.A. Sloot, H. van As, and U. Tallarek. Influence of stagnant zones on transient and asymptotic dispersion in macroscopically homogeneous porous media. Physical Review letters, 88(23):234501:1-4, 2002.

[3] J. Santoso, G.D. van Albada, P.M.A. Sloot, and B.A.A. Nazief. Simulation of hier- archical resource management for meta-computing systems. International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science (IJFCS), 12(5):629-643, October 2001.

[4] P.M.A. Sloot, F. Chen, and C.A. Boucher. Cellular automata model of drug therapy for hiv infection. In S. Bandini, B. Chopard, and M. Tomassini, editors, 5th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, October 9-11, 2002. Proceedings, volume 2493 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 282-293, October 2002.

[5] P.M.A. Sloot, B.J. Overeinder, and A. Schoneveld. Self-organized criticallity in simulated correlated systems. Computer Physics Communications, 142(1-3):76-81, December 2001

Scientific publications

[1] J.D. Adams, J.R. Stauer, M.F. Skrutskie, D.G. Monet, S.F. Portegies Zwart, K.A. Janes, and C.A. Beichman. Structure of the praesepe star cluster. Astronomical Journal, 124:1570-1584, sep 2002. Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System.

[2] H. Afsarmanesh, R.G. Belleman, A.S.Z. Belloum, A. Benabdelkader, J.F.J. van den Brand, G.B. Eijkel, A. Frenkel, C. Garita, D.L. Groep, R.M.A. Heeren, Z.W. Hendrikse, L.O. Hertzberger, J.A. Kaandorp, E.C. Kaletas, V. Korkhov, C.T.A.M. de Laat, P.M.A. Sloot, D. Vasunin, A. Visser, and H.H. Yakali. Vlam-g: A grid-based virtual laboratory. Scientific Programming, 10(2):173-181, 2002. Special issue on Grid Computing.

[3] A.M.M. Artoli, A.G. Hoekstra, and P.M.A. Sloot. 3d pulsatile with the lattice boltzmann bgk method. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 13(8):1119-1134, October 2002.

[4] A.M.M. Artoli, A.G. Hoekstra, and P.M.A. Sloot. Accuracy of 2d pulsatile in the lattice boltzmann bgk method. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 361-370. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[5] R.G. Belleman and R. Shulakov. High performance distributed simulation for inter- active simulated vascular reconstruction. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part III, volume 2331 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 265-274. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[6] R.G. Belleman and P.M.A. Sloot. Dynamic exploration environments. In J. Meij, editor, Dealing with the data (mining data, text and multimedia) (STT 65), pages 771-787. STT/Beweton, The Hague, the Netherlands, 2002.

[7] M. Bubak, D. Zbik, G.D. van Albada, K.A. Iskra, and P.M.A. Sloot. Portable library of migratable sockets. Scientic Programming, 9(4/2001):211-222, 2002.

[8] K.A. Iskra, R.G. Belleman, G.D. van Albada, J. Santoso, P.M.A. Sloot, H.E. Bal, H.J.W. Spoelder, and M. Bubak. The polder computing environment, a system for interactive distributed simulation. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 14:1313-1335, 2002. (Special Issue on Grid Computing Environments).

[9] B.D. Kandhai, D. Hlushkou, A.G. Hoekstra, P.M.A. Sloot, H. van As, and U. Tallarek. Influence of stagnant zones on transient and asymptotic dispersion in macroscopically homogeneous porous media. Physical Review letters, 88(23):234501:1-4, 2002.

[10] B.D. Kandhai, U. Tallarek, D. Hlushkou, A.G. Hoekstra, P.M.A. Sloot, and H. van As. Numerical simulation and measurement of liquid hold-up in biporous media containing discrete stagnant zones. Philosophical Transactions: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences, 360(1792):521-534, 2002.

[11] V.V. Krzhizhanovskaya, M.A. Zatevakhin, A.A. Ignatiev, Y.E. Gorbachev, and P.M.A. Sloot. Distributed simulation of silicon-based film growth. In R. Wyrzykowski, J.J. Dongarra, M. Paprzycki, and J. Wasniewski, editors, Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics, 4th International Conference, PPAM 2001, Naleczow, Poland, September 2001, pages 879-887, Berlin-Heidelberg, 2002. Springer.

[12] R.M.H. Merks, A.G. Hoekstra, J.A. Kaandorp, and P.M.A. Sloot. Branching and compactification in a model of coral growth: a critical reinvestigation of the effect of hydrodynamics. In ECMTB2002: 5th conference of the European Society of the Mathematical and Theoretical Biology, book of abstracts, page 254, Milano, Italy, July 2002. European Society of Mathematical and Theoretical Biology. abstract.

[13] R.M.H. Merks, A.G. Hoekstra, J.A. Kaandorp, and P.M.A. Sloot. Spontaneous branching in a polyp oriented model of stony coral growth. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 88-96. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[14] R.M.H. Merks, A.G. Hoekstra, and P.M.A. Sloot. The moment propagation method for advection-diffusion in the lattice boltzmann method: validation and peclet number limits. Journal of Computational Physics, 183:563-576, 2002.

[15] B.J. Overeinder, A. Schoneveld, and P.M.A. Sloot. Self-organized criticality in optimistic simulation of correlated systems. Parallel and

Distributed Computing Practices, 4(1):61-75, 2002. Special Issue on Distributed Simulation.

[16] D.M. Peterson, Y. Liu, and S.F. Portegies Zwart. Selection of the space interferometry mission astrometric grid. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 114:955-973, sep 2002. Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System.

[17] D. Pooley, W. Lewin, L. Homer, S. Anderson, B. Margon, F. Verbunt, V. Kaspi, N. D'Amico, B. Gaensler, S.F. Portegies Zwart, M. van der Klis, S.L.W. McMillan, J. Makino, D. Fox, A. Filippenko, and P. Hut. The close binary population of globular clusters revealed by chandra. American Astronomical Society Meeting, 201:0{+, dec 2002. Abstract; Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System.

[18] J. Santoso, G.D. van Albada, T. Basaruddin, and P.M.A. Sloot. A simulation environment for job scheduling on distributed systems. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 653-662. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[19] P.M.A. Sloot, F. Chen, and C.A. Boucher. Cellular automata model of drug therapy for hiv infection. In S. Bandini, B. Chopard, and M. Tomassini, editors, 5th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2002, Geneva, Switzerland, October 9-11, 2002. Proceedings, volume 2493 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 282-293, October 2002.

[20] P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors. Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Verlag, 2002.

[21] P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors. Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part II, volume 2330 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Verlag, 2002.

[22] P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors. Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part III, volume 2331 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Verlag, 2002.

[23] P.F. Spinnato, M. Fellhauer, and S.F. Portegies Zwart. "the efficiency of the spiral-in of a black hole to the galactic centre". In eprint arXiv:astro-ph/0212494, dec 2002. Submitted; Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System.

[24] P.F. Spinnato, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. A versatile simulation model for hierarchical treecodes. Technical Report CS-2002-01, Institute of Computer Science, University of Amsterdam, January 2002.

[25] P.F. Spinnato, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. A versatile simulation model for hierarchical treecodes. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 176-185. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[26] P.F. Spinnato, S.F. Portegies Zwart, M. Fellhauer, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. Tools and techniques for n-body simulations. In R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, editor, Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Computational Astrophysics in Italy, page in press. SAIt, July 2002.

[27] A. Tirado-Ramos, J. Hu, and K.P. Lee. Information object definition-based unified modeling language representation of dicom structured reporting: A case study of transcoding dicom to xml. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 9:63-72, 2002.

[28] Z. Zhao, R.G. Belleman, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. Ag-ive: an agent based solution to constructing interactive simulation systems. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 693-703. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[29] Z. Zhao, R.G. Belleman, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. Scenario switches and state updates in an agent-based solution to constructing interactive simulation systems. In Proceedings of the Communication Networks and Distributed Systems Modeling and Simulation Conference (CNDS 2002), pages 3-10, January 2002.

[30] E.V. Zudilova and M.O. Borisov. 3d mesh generation for the results of anisotropic etch simulation. In P.M.A. Sloot, C.J.K. Tan, J.J. Dongarra, and A.G. Hoekstra, editors, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Proceedings Part I, volume 2329 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 316-323. Springer Verlag, April 2002.

[31] E.V. Zudilova, P.M.A. Sloot, and R.G. Belleman. A multi-modal interface for an interactive simulated vascular reconstruction system. In Fourth IEEE ACMI'02 International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 14-16 October 2002, pages 313-318, Los Alamitos, California, USA, 2002. IEEE Computer Society.

[32] S.F. Portegies Zwart, J. Makino, S.L.W. McMillan, and P. Hut. The lives and deaths of star clusters near the galactic center. Astroph. J., 565:265-279, jan 2002.

[33] S.F. Portegies Zwart and S.L.W. McMillan. The runaway growth of intermediate-mass black holes in dense star clusters. Astrophysical Journal, 576:899-907, sep 2002. Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System.

[34] S.F. Portegies Zwart, D. Pooley, and W.H.G. Lewin. A dozen colliding wind x-ray binaries in the star cluster r136 in the 30doradus region. Astroph. J., 2002. accepted.

Master of Computer Science Theses

[1] F. Alimadhi. Mobile internet: Wireless access to web-based interfaces of legacy simulations. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2002.

[2] W. Caarls. Genetic alorithms visualisation. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April 2002.

[3] F. Chen. Model of drug therapy for hiv infection using non-uniform cellular automata. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2002.

[4] C.J. Faux. Linkage learning in gas. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2002.

[5] A. Hendriks. Towards 3d finite difference simulations of fluid flow in an interactive virtual reality environment. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2002.

[6] T. Li. Web services technology { design, implementation and evaluation. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 2002.

[7] K. Oinonen. Local curvature as a measurement of shape for three-dimensional complex objects. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, January 2002.

[8] J.M. Ragas. Interactive visualization of in an immersive virtual environment - applied to the test case of simulated abdominal vascular reconstruction. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2002.

[9] A. Suinesiaputra. Multiscale optic analysis for magnetic resonance tagging. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2002.

[10] M. ten Dam. Multi-disciplinair ontwerp en multi-objective optimalisatie van een blended-wing-body vliegtuigconfiguratie met behulp van benaderingsmodellen. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 2002. in Dutch.

[11] A. Wibisono. Cross cluster migration using dynamite - remote file access support. Master's thesis, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2002.

Professional publications

[1] K.A. Iskra, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. Rollbacks in time warp-analysis and modelling. In E.F. Deprettere, A.S.Z. Belloum, J.W.J. Heijnsdijk, and F. van der Stappen, editors, ASCI 2002, Proceedings of the eighth annual conference of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging, pages 88-94, Delft, June 2002. ASCI.

[2] P.F. Spinnato, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. Performance modelling of hierarchical n-body codes running on hybrid architectures. In E.F. Deprettere, A.S.Z. Belloum, J.W.J. Heijnsdijk, and F. van der Stappen, editors, ASCI 2002, Proceedings of the eighth annual conference of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging, pages 211-218, Delft, June 2002. ASCI.

[3] P.F. Spinnato and S.F. Portegies Zwart. The infall of dense star clusters into the galactic centre. In Proceedings of the 57th annual Nederlandse Astronomen Conferentie, page 66, May 2002.

[4] Z. Zhao, R.G. Belleman, G.D. van Albada, and P.M.A. Sloot. Reusability and efficiency in constructing interactive simulation systems. In E.F. Deprettere, A.S.Z. Belloum, J.W.J. Heijnsdijk, and F. van der Stappen, editors, ASCI 2002, Proceedings of the eighth annual conference of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging, pages 268-275, Delft, June 2002. ASCI.

Popular publications

[1] S.F. Portegies Zwart. Eenzame zon - berekening van de evolutie van sterrenhopen. Kunst en Wetenschap, 11(2):9-10, 2002. In Dutch.

Other products

Dynamite - software to support load balancing through task migration (PVM, on Linux and SUN Solaris)

2. Advanced Computing Systems Engineering

Recent key publications

[1] H. Afsarmanesh, R.G. Belleman, A.S.Z. Belloum, A. Benabdelkader, J.F.J. van den Brand, G.B. Eijkel, A. Frenkel, C. Garita, D.L. Groep, R.M.A. Heeren, Z.W. Hendrikse, L.O. Hertzberger, J.A. Kaandorp, E.C. Kaletas, V. Korkhov, C.T.A.M. de Laat, P.M.A. Sloot, D. Vasunin, A. Visser, and H.H. Yakali. VLAM-G: A grid-based virtual laboratory. Scientific Programming: Special Issue on Grid Computing, 10(2):173-181, 2002.

[2] H. Afsarmanesh, E.C. Kaletas, A. Benabdelkader, C. Garita, and L. O. Hertzberger. A reference architecture for scientific virtual laboratories. Future Generation Computer Systems, 17(8):999-1008, 2001.

[3] A.S.Z Belloum and L.O. Hertzberger. Concurrent evaluation of web cache replacement and coherence strategies. SIMULATION: Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International, 78(1):28-35, 2002.

[4] A.D. Pimentel and C. Erbas. An IDF-based trace transformation method for communication refinement. To appear in the Proc. of the 40th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC 2003), June 2003.

[5] A.D. Pimentel, L.O. Hertzberger, P. Lieverse, P. van der Wolf, and E.F. Deprettere. Exploring embedded-systems architectures with Artemis. IEEE Computer, 34(11):57-63, Nov. 2001.

[6] A. Visser, H.H. Yakali, A.J. van der Wees, M. Oud, G.A. van der Spek, and L.O. Hertzberger. An hierarchical view on modelling the reliability of a DSRC-link for ETC applications. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 3(2), June 2002.

Dissertations

[7] Ammar Benabdelkader. Information integration among Heterogeneous and Autonomous Applications. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002. ISBN: 90-5776-093-2.

Scientific publications

[8] H. Afsarmanesh, R.G. Belleman, A.S.Z. Belloum, A. Benabdelkader, J.F.J. van den Brand, G.B. Eijkel, A. Frenkel, C. Garita, D.L. Groep, R.M.A. Heeren, Z.W.

Hendrikse, L.O. Hertzberger, J.A. Kaandorp, E.C. Kaletas, V. Korkhov, C.T.A.M. de Laat, P.M.A. Sloot, D. Vasunin, A. Visser, and H.H. Yakali. Vlam-g: A grid-based virtual laboratory. Scientific Programming: Special Issue on Grid Computing, 10(2):173-181, 2002. http://iospress.metapress.com/link.asp?id=mwq0y3utf3nq.

[9] A. S. Z. Belloum, D.L. Groep, Z.W. Hendrikse, L.O. Hertzberger, V. Korkhov, C.T.A.M de Laat, and D. Vasunin. A grid-based virtual laboratory. In TERENA Networking Conference 2002 Proceedings, 2002.

[10] A. S. Z. Belloum, E. C. Kaletas, A. W. van Halderen, H. Afsarmanesh, L. O. Hertzberger, and A. J. H. Peddemors. A scalable web server architecture. World Wide Web - Internet and Web Information Systems, 5(1):5-23, 2002.

[11] A.S.Z Belloum and L.O. Hertzberger. Concurrent evaluation of web cache replacement and coherence strategies. SIMULATION: Transactions of The Society for Modeling and Simulation International, 78(1):28-35, 2002.

[12] L. M. Camarinha-Matos and H. Afsarmanesh. Design of a virtual community infrastructure for elderly care. In Proceedings of PRO-VE 2002 3rd IFIP Working Conference on Infrastructures for Virtual Enterprises, pages 439-450, Sesimbra, Portugal, 2002. Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020-7020-9.

[13] L.M. Camarinha-Matos and H. Afsarmanesh. Dynamic virtual organizations, or not so dynamic? In Proceedings of BASYS'02 - Knowledge and technology integration in production and services, pages 111-124. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1-4020-7211-2.

[14] L.M. Camarinha-Matos and H. Afsarmanesh. Trends in virtual organizations and support infrastructures. Journal Systems, Control and Information, Journal of the Institute of Systems, Control and Information Engineers, 46(10), 2002.

[15] C. Garita, H. Afsarmanesh, and L.O. Hertzberger. A survey of distributed information management approaches for virtual enterprise infrastructures. In Idea Group Publishing, editor, Managing Virtual Web Organizations in the 21st Century: Issues and Challenges. U. J. Franke, 2002.

[16] C. Garita, E. C. Kaletas, H. Afsarmanesh, and L. O. Hertzberger. A service interface definitions catalogue for virtual enterprises in tourism. In Proceedings of the 5th IFIP International Conference on Information Technology for BALANCED AUTOMATION SYSTEMS In Manufacturing and Services (BASYS 2002), pages 97-108, 2002.

[17] E. C. Kaletas, H. Afsarmanesh, and L. O. Hertzberger. Virtual laboratories and virtual organizations supporting biosciences. In Proceedings of the 3rd IFIP Working Conference on Infrastructures For Virtual Enterprises (PRO-VE'02), 2002.

[18] V. Marik, L.M. Camarinha-Matos, and H. Afsarmanesh, editors. Knowledge and technology integration in production and services. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

[19] A. D. Pimentel, S. Polstra, F. Terpstra, A. W. van Halderen, J. E. Coffland, and L. O. Hertzberger. Towards efficient design space exploration of heterogeneous embedded media systems. In Embedded Processor Design Challenges: Systems, Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, pages 57-73. Springer tutorial series, LNCS 2268, 2002.

[20] A. D. Pimentel, F.P. Terpstra, S. Polstra, and J. E. Coffland. Modeling of intra-task parallelism in sesame. In Proc. of the 2nd Int. Workshop on Systems, Architectures, MOdeling, and Simulation (SAMOS), July 2002.

[21] A. Visser. Rekeningrijden. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Natuurkunde, 68(9):3-11, September 2002.

[22] A. Visser, I.E.M. Breuker, and S.J. Huiberts. Advanced logistics information exchange - 'hoe verbeteren we de dynamiek bij het vergelijken van logistieke diensten?'. Vervoerslogistieke Werkdagen, Corsendonk, Belgium, November 2002.

[23] A. Visser, H. Kok, M. Bergman, H.H. Yakali, and L.O. Hertzberger. Calibration of a traffic generator for high-density traffic, using the data collected during a road pricing project. In Proc. of the 9th World congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, October 2002.

[24] A. Visser, H.H. Yakali, A.J. van der Wees, M. Oud, G.A. van der Spek, and L.O. Hertzberger. An hierarchical view on modelling the reliability of a dsrc-link for etc applications. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 3(2), June 2002.

[25] A. Visser, H.H. Yakali, A.J. van der Wees, M. Oud, G.A. van der Spek, and L.O. Hertzberger. The reliability of a dsrc-link for etc applications modeled on 5 levels of detail. In Proc. of the IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, September 2002.

Reports

[26] A. Antony, J. Blom, C. de Laat, J. Lee, and W. Sjouw. Microscopic examination of TCP flows over transatlantic links. Technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[27] C. de Laat, E. Radius, and S. Wallace. The rationale of the current optical networking initiatives. Technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[28] L. Gommans, C. de Laat, B. van Oudenaarde, and A. Taal. Authorization of a QOS path based on generic AAA. Technical report, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

Other products

As part of Artemis, we developed a prototype modeling and simulation environment called Sesame (Simulation of Embedded System Architectures for Multi-level Exploration). See http://sesamesim.sourceforge.net/ for the software.

VLAM-G (Grid-based Virtual Laboratory AMsterdam) prototype software.

3. Programming Methods and Programming Environments

Recent key publications

[1] J.A. Bergstra, A. Ponse, and S.A. Smolka, editors. Handbook of Process Algebra (Bergstra is one of the authors of Chapters 5 and 18; Ponse is one of the authors of Chapter 5), Elsevier Science, 2001.

[2] J.A. Bergstra and P. Klint. The discrete time toolbus - a software coordination architecture. Science of Computer Programming, 31:205229, 1998.

[3] J.A. Bergstra and A. Ponse. Register-machine based processes. Journal of the ACM 48(6):1207-1241, 2001.

[4] M.G.J. van den Brand, J. Heering, P. Klint, and P.A. Olivier. Compiling language definitions: The ASF+SDF compiler. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 24(4):334368, 2002.

[5] Terese (Among the autors: I. Bethke and P. Klint). Term Rewriting Systems. Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 55, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Dissertations

[1] T. Kuipers. Techniques for Understanding Legacy Software Systems. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[2] S.P. Luttik. Choice Quantification in Process Algebra. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002. ISBN: 90-90156-24-0.

[3] L. Moonen. Exploring Software Systems. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002. ISBN: 90-5776-094-0.

[4] M.B. van der Zwaag. Models and Logics for Process Algebra. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002. ISBN: 90-5170-636-7.

Scientific publications

[1] J.A. Bergstra. Molecule-oriented programming in Java. Information and Software Technology, 44:617638, 2002.

[2] J.A. Bergstra and I. Bethke. Molecular dynamics. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 51(2):193214, 2002.

[3] J.A. Bergstra and M.E. Loots. Program algebra for sequential code. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 51(2):125156, 2002.

[4] J.A. Bergstra and A. Ponse. Combining programs and state machines. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 51(2):175192, 2002.

[5] M.G.J. van den Brand, J. Heering, P. Klint, and P.A. Olivier. Compiling language definitions: The ASF+SDF compiler. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, (4):334368, 2002.

[6] M.G.J. van den Brand, P. Klint, and J.J. Vinju. Term Rewriting with Type-safe Traversal Functions. In B. Gramlich and S. Lucas (eds.), Second International Workshop on Reduction Strategies in Rewriting and Programming (WRS 2002), Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 70(6), Elsevier Science Publishers, 2002.

[7] A. van Deursen and P. Klint. Domain-Specific Language Design Requires Feature Descriptions. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 10(1):1-18, 2002.

[8] A. van Deursen, P. Klint, and J. Visser. Domain-Specific Languages. In Encyclopedia of Microprocessors, Allen Kent and James G. Williams (eds.). Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 2002. 10(1):118, 2002.

[9] P. Klint and C. Verhoef. Enabling the creation of knowledge about software assets. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 41(cw3158):141158, 2002.

[10] J. Kort, R. Laemmel and C. Verhoef. The Grammar Deployment KitSystem demonstration. Proc. of LDTA'02, ENTCS Volume 65, Issue 2, Grenoble, 13 April, 2002

[11] A. Ponse. Program algebra with unit instruction operators. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, 51(2):157174, 2002.

Reports

[1] J.A. Bergstra, I. Bethke, and M.E. Loots. A First Course on C Program Reading. Technical Report P0002, Programming Research Group, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

Other products

Toolkit for program algebra:http://www.science.uva.nl/research/prog/projects/pga/

The ASF+SDF Meta-Environment:http://www.cwi.nl/~projects/MetaEnv.html

The TOOLBUS coordination architecture:http://adam.wins.uva.nl/~olivierp/toolbus/index.html.

The GRAMMAR DEPLOYMENT KIT (GDK):http://gdk.sourceforge.net/

4. Intelligent Sensory Information Systems

Recent key publications

[1] Th. Gevers. Adaptive image segmentation by combining photometric invariant region and edge information. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), 24(6):848-852, 2002.

[2] Th. Gevers. Image segmentation and matching of color-texture objects. IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, 4(4):509-516, 2002.

[3] S. Ghebreab, P. Pfluger, and A. W. M. Smeulders. Necklaces: Inhomogeneous and point-enhanced deformable models. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 86-2:96-117, 2002.

[4] S. Manegold, P. A. Boncz, and M. L. Kersten. Optimizing Main-Memory Join On Modern Hardware. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Eng., 14(4):709-730, July 2002.

[5] H.T. Nguyen, M. Worring, R. van den Boomgaard, and A.W.M. Smeulders. Tracking non-parameterized object contours in video. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 11(9):1081-1091, 2002.

[6] F.J. Seinstra and D. Koelma. P-3pc: A point-to-point communication model for automatic and optimal decomposition of regular domain problems. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(7):758-768, july 2002.

[7] J. Vendrig and M. Worring. Systematic evaluation of logical story unit segmentation. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 4(4):492-499, 2002.

Dissertations

[8] M. Aiello Spatial reasoning: theory and practice. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[9] S. Ghebreab Strings and necklaces: on learning and browsing medical image segmentations. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[10] E. Engbers On the design of generic vision modules. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[11] A. Jonk Recognition of graphical symbols. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[12] J. Vendrig Interactive exploration of visual content. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[13] P.A. Boncz A next-Generation DBMS Kernel For Query-Intensive Applications. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[14] A. Schmidt Processing XML in Database Systems. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

[15] S. Manegold Understanding, Modeling, and Improving Main-Memory Database Performance. Ph.d. thesis, University of Amsterdam, 2002.

Scientific publications

[16] M. Aiello, C. Monz, L. Todoran, and M. Worring. Document understanding for a broad class of documents. IJDAR, 5(1):1-16, 2002.

[17] A.D. Bagdanov and Marcel Worring. Granulometric analysis of document images. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 2002.

[18] A.D. Bagdanov and Marcel Worring. Multi-scale document description using rectangular granulometries. In Document Analysis Systems V, number 2423 in LNCS, pages 445-456, Princeton, NJ, August 2002.

[19] A. P. de Vries, N. Mamoulis, N. Nes, and M. L. Kersten. Efficient k-NN Search on Verti- cally Decomposed Data. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pages 322-333, Madison, WI, USA, June 2002.

[20] J. M. Geusebroek. Material recognition for content based image retrieval. In Content-Based Image and Video Retrieval Seminar, page 5, 2002.

[21] J. M. Geusebroek, T. Gevers, and A. W. M. Smeulders. The kubelka-munk theory for color image invariant properties. In First European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision, pages 463-467. Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2002.

[22] J. M. Geusebroek, M. A. Hoang, J. van Gemert, and M. Worring. Genre-based search through biomedical images. In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, volume 1, page IV.1. IEEE Computer Society, 2002.

[23] J. M. Geusebroek and A. W. M. Smeulders. A physical explanation for natural image statistics. In M. Chantler, editor, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Texture Analysis and Synthesis (Texture 2002), pages 47-52. Heriot-Watt University, 2002.

[24] J. M. Geusebroek and A. W. M. Smeulders. A physical explanation for natural image statistics. In Dutch Society for Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, 2002.

[25] J. M. Geusebroek, A. W. M. Smeulders, and J. van de Weijer. Fast anisotropic gauss filtering. In A. Heyden, G. Sparr, M. Nielsen, and P. Johansen, editors, 7th European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), volume 1, pages 99-112. Springer Verlag (LNCS 2350), 2002.

[26] J. M. Geusebroek, R. van den Boomgaard, A. W. M. Smeulders, and T. Gevers. A physical basis for color constancy. In First European Conference on Colour in Graphics, Imaging, and Vision, pages 3-6. Society for Imaging Science and Technology, 2002.

[27] Th. Gevers. Adaptive image segmentation by combining photometric invariant region and edge information. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), 24(6):848-852, 2002.

[28] Th. Gevers. Image segmentation and matching of color-texture objects. IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, 4(4):509-516, 2002.

[29] S. Ghebreab, P. Pfluger, and A. W. M. Smeulders. Necklaces: Inhomogeneous and point-enhanced deformable models. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 86-2:96-117, 2002.

[30] H.J.A.M. Heijmans and R. van den Boomgaard. Algebraic framework for linear and morphological scale-spaces. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 13(1/2):269-301, March 2002.

[31] M. A. Hoang and J. M. Geusebroek. Measurement of color texture. In M. Chantler, editor, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Texture Analysis and Synthesis (Texture 2002), pages 73-76. Heriot-Watt University, 2002.

[32] M. A. Hoang and J. M. Geusebroek. Measurement of color texture. In E. F. Deprettere, A. Belloum, J. W. J. Heijnsdijk, and F. van der Stappen, editors, ASCI'02, Proceedings of the eight annual conference of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging, pages 75-82, 2002.

[33] M. Worring L. Todoran and A.W.M. Smeulders. Data groundtruth, complexity and evaluation measures for color document analysis. In Proceedings of DAS'2002, Fifth IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2002.

[34] R. van den Boomgaard M. Noorman. Horse recognition: A general approach to object recognition. In 12th Portugese Conference on Pattern Recognition, RECPAD-2002, 2002.

[35] S. Manegold, P. A. Boncz, and M. L. Kersten. Generic Database Cost Models for Hierarchical Memory Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pages 191202, Hong Kong, China, August 2002. An extended version is available as CWI Technical Report INS-R0203.

[36] S. Manegold, P. A. Boncz, and M. L. Kersten. Optimizing Main-Memory Join On Modern Hardware. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Eng., 14(4):709-730, July 2002.

[37] H.T. Nguyen and A.W.M. Smeulders. Template tracking using color invariant pixel features. In Proc. Int. Conf. on Image Processing, ICIP'2002, pages I:569-572, Rochester, 2002.

[38] H.T. Nguyen, M. Worring, R. van den Boomgaard, and A.W.M. Smeulders. Tracking non-parameterised object contours in video. IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, 11(9):1081-1091, 2002.

[39] P. Van Osta, K. Ver Donck, L. Bols, J. Geysen, J. M. Geusebroek, and B. ter Haar Romeny. Application of linear scale space and the spatial color model in microscopy. In Proceedings of the Joint Microscopy Meeting, pages 369-370, 2002.

[40] P. Van Osta, K. Ver Donck, J. M. Geusebroek, L. Bols, and J. Geysen. The multi-mode mosaic framework for automated microscopy and analysis. In Microscience International Conference and Exhibition, page 32, 2002.

[41] P. Van Osta, K. Ver Donck, J. M. Geusebroek, L. Bols, J. Geysen, and B. ter Haar Romeny. The application of linear scale space and the spatial color model in microscopy. In Microscience International Conference and Exhibition, page 33, 2002.

[42] M. Pantic, I. Patras, and L. Rothkrantz. Facial action recognition in face profile image sequences. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, Aug. 2002.

[43] I. Patras, E.A. Hendriks, and R.L. Lagendijk. Confidence measures for block matching motion estimation. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Sep. 2002.

[44] I. Patras and M. Worring. Regularized patch motion estimation. In 16th IAPR International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Aug. 2002.

[45] M. Petkovic, M. A. Windhouwer, R. van Zwol, H. E. Blok, P. M. G. Apers, M. L. Kersten, and W. Jonker. Content-based Video Indexing for the Support of Digital Library Search. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on

Data Engineering (ICDE), San Jose, California, USA, February 2002. Demonstration.

[46] E.G.M. Petrakis, A. Diplaros, and E. Milios. Matching and retrieval of distorted and occluded shapes using dynamic programming. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 24(11):1501-1516, November 2002.

[47] T. V. Pham and A. W. M. Smeulders. Statistical strategy for object recognition using part detectors. In Proceedings of the ASCI conference 2002, pages 143-150, 2002.

[48] T.V. Pham, M. Worring, and A.W.M. Smeulders. Face detection by aggregated Bayesion networks. Pattern Recognition Letters, 23(4):451-461, 2002.

[49] A. R. Schmidt and M. L. Kersten. Bulkloading and Maintaining XML Documents. In Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), pages 407-412, Madrid, Spain, March 2002.

[50] A. R. Schmidt, F. Waas, M. L. Kersten, M. J. Carey, I. Manolescu, and R. Busse. Assessing XML Data Management with XMark. In First VLDB Workshop on Efficiency and Effectiveness of XML Tools, and Techniques (EEXTT2002), Hong Kong, China, August 2002. Springer-Verlag. To be published.

[51] A. R. Schmidt, F. Waas, M. L. Kersten, M. J. Carey, I. Manolescu, and R. Busse. XMark: A Benchmark for XML Data Management. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB), pages 974-985, Hong Kong, China, August 2002.

[52] F.J. Seinstra and D. Koelma. Incorporating memory layout in the modeling of message passing programs. In Proceedings of the 10th Euromicro Workshop on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (EuroMirco-PDP 2002), pages 293-300, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain, January 2002.

[53] F.J. Seinstra and D. Koelma. P-3pc: A point-to-point communication model for automatic and optimal decomposition of regular domain problems. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 13(7):758-768, July 2002.

[54] F.J. Seinstra, D. Koelma, and J.M. Geusebroek. A software architecture for user transparent parallel image processing. Parallel Computing, 28(78):967-993, August 2002.

[55] F.J. Seinstra, D. Koelma, J.M. Geusebroek, F.C. Verster, and A.W.M. Smeulders. Efficient applications in user transparent parallel image processing. In Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2002), Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA, April 2002.

[56] A. W. M. Smeulders, L. Hardman, G. Schreiber, and J. M. Geusebroek. An integrated multimedia approach to cultural heritage e-documents. In ACM Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval. ACM, 2002.

[57] C.G.M. Snoek and M. Worring. A review on multimodal video indexing. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, volume 2, pages 21-24, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2002.

[58] C.G.M. Snoek and M. Worring. A state-of-the-art review on multimodal video indexing. In Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging, pages 194-202, Lochem, The Netherlands, 2002.

[59] R. van den Boomgaard. Decomposition of the Kuwahara-Nagao operator in terms of linear smoothing and morphological sharpening. In ISMM 2002, 2002.

[60] R. van den Boomgaard and J. van de Weijer. On the equivalence of local-mode finding, robust estimation and mean-shift analysis as used in early vision tasks. In International Conference on Pattern Recognition, ICPR 2002, pages 30927-30930, 2002.

[61] R. van den Boomgaard and J. van de Weijer. Robust estimation of orientation for texture analysis. In Texture 2002, The 2nd international workshop on texture analysis and synthesis 1 June 2002, Copenhagen, pages 135-138, 2002.

[62] P. van Osta, J.M. Geusebroek, K. Ver Donck, L. Bols, J. Geysen, and B. M. ter Haar Romeny. The principles of scale space applied to structure and colour in light microscopy. Proc. R. Microsc. Soc., 37(3):161-166, 2002.

[63] J. Vendrig, J. den Hartog, D. van Leeuwen, I. Patras, S. Raaijmakers, C. Snoek, J. van Rest, and M. Worring. TREC feature extraction by active learning. In Proceedings of the 11th Text Retrieval Conference, Gaithersburg, USA, 2002.

[64] J. Vendrig and M. Worring. Interactive adaptive movie annotation. In IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pages 93-96, 2002.

[65] J. Vendrig and M. Worring. Multimodal person identification, In Michael S. Lew, Nicu Sebe, John P. Eakins (eds.): Image and Video Retrieval, International Conference, CIVR 2002, London, UK, July 18-19, 2002, Proceedings, pages 175-185 Springer 2002, ISBN 3-540-43899-8

[66] J. Vendrig and M. Worring. Systematic evaluation of logical story unit segmentation. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 4(4):492-499, 2002.

[67] M. Worring, A. Bagdanov, J. v. Gemert, J-M. Geusebroek, M. Hoang, A.Th. Schreiber, C.G.M. Snoek, J. Vendrig, J. Wielemaker, and A.W.M. Smeulders. Interactive indexing and retrieval of multimedia content. In Proceedings of the 29th Annual Conference on Current Trends in Theory and Practice of Informatics (SOFSEM), volume 2540 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 135148, Milovy, Czech Republic, 2002. Springer-Verlag.

Other products

Products and demonstrators

J.M. Geusebroek, M.A. Hoang, J. van Gemert, M. Worring: IRBS: Image Retrieval in Biomedical Science. A prototype system has been built for accessing a large archive of images in a biomedical journal based on genre classification of image content and on concepts derived from the caption of the image.

Mediamill: News Indexing. A fully automatic system has been built which analyzes news broadcasts and makes it accessible by names of persons, topics derived from teletekst, and specific events e.g. interviews.

M. Navarro, J. Baan, D. Koelma, J. Vendrig, T.V. Pham, M. Worring: Video Browser. A tool for browsing videos based on shots, scenes, faces, and camera operations.

L. Todoran, M. Worring: Document Ground Truthing and evaluation tool. A tool has been built for assisting users in ground truthing scanned color documents based on layout and logical information. It has been used to create the UvA color document dataset. Tools for evaluating algorithms with respect to the ground truth have been developed as well. Documents and tools will be made available to the research community.

A. Anjewierden, R. de Hoog, S. Kabel, F. Verster, B. Wielinga, M. Worring: IMAT: Integrating Manuals and Training. A system has been built (in conjunction with Social Informatics) that decomposes a technical manual in paper or pdf format consisting of text and graphics into a set of components with structured annotations allowing for repurposing of the content.

Th. Gevers, A.W.M. Smeulders: ZOMAX, A General Purpose Image Processing and Retrieval System for the World Wide Web. The system provides an interactive image processing module and an image search engine, called PicToSeek, for searching images on the web. http://www.science.uva.nl/research/isis/zomax.html

J. Vendrig, M. Worring and A.W.M. Smeulders, Filter image browsing on the World Wide Web, An implementation of Filter Image Browsing, a method for interactive image retrieval in large image databases. The demo contains a database of 10,000 images from the World Wide Web. http://carol.science.uva.nl/~vendrig/imageretro

D. Koelma and E. Poll: Horus: a vision library based on patterns. http://www.science.uva.nl/~koelma/isis/projects/horus.html

J. Vendrig and M. Worring, Video feature visualization tool Viddex. An implementation of integrated visualization by way of video streams, key frames and dual slice summaries, with an option for visual feature value back-projection. Demos have been presented for TV series Friends and feature film Witness.

5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems

Five key publications

[1] L. Dorst and R. van den Boomgaard. The support cone: a representational tool for the analysis of boundaries and their interactions. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 22(2):174-178, 2000.

[2] N. Vlassis and Y. Motomura. Efficient source adaptivity in independent component analysis. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks, 12(3):559-566, May 2001.

[3] M. Oud, E.H. Dooijes, and J.S. Van der Zee. Asthmatic airways obstruction assessment based on detailed analysis of respiratory sound spectra. IEEE Trans. Biomedical Engineering, 47(11):1450-1455, 2000. [4] B.J.A. Krose, N. Vlassis, R. Bunschoten, and Y. Motomura. A probabilistic model for appearance-based robot localization. Image and Vision Computing, 19(6):381-391, April 2001.

[5] R. van der Heiden and F.C.A. Groen. The box-cox metric for nearest neighbour classification improvement. Pattern Recognition, 30(2):273-279,1997

Dissertations

[1] N. Massios. Decision-Theoretic Robotic Surveillance. PhD thesis, Computer Science Institute, University of Amsterdam, January 2002. ISBN 90-5776-078-9.

[2] M.B. van Leeuwen. Motion Estimation and Interpretation for In-Car Systems. PhD thesis, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 2002.

[3] M. Snellen. Sea bottom parameter estimation by inversion of underwater acoustic sonar data, PhD thesis, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 2002.

Scientific publications

[1] T.A. Bouma. From unoriented subspaces to blade operators. In L. Dorst, C. Doran, and J. Lasenby, editors, Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering, pages 59-67. Birkhauser, Boston, 2002.

[2] T.A. Bouma, L. Dorst, and H.G.J. Pijls. Geometric algebra for subspace operations. Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, 73(3):285-300, September 2002. ISSN 0167-8019.

[3] R. Bunschoten and B. Krose. 3-D scene reconstruction from cylindrical panoramic images. Robotics and Autonomous Systems (special issue), 41(2/3):111-118, November 2002.

[4] L. Dorst. The inner products of geometric algebra. In L. Dorst, C. Doran, and J. Lasenby, editors, Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering, pages 35-46. Birkhauser, Boston, 2002.

[5] L. Dorst, C. Doran, and J. Lasenby, editors. Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering. Number ISBN 0-8176-4267-6, ISBN 3-7643-4267-6. Birkhauser, Boston, 2002.

[6] L. Dorst and S. Mann. Geometric algebra: A computational framework for geometrical applications (Part I: Algebra). IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 22(3):24-31, May 2002.

[7] L. Dorst and S. Mann. Geometric algebra: A computational framework for geometrical applications (Part II: Applications). IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 22(4), July/August 2002.

[8] F.C.A. Groen, M.T.J. Spaan, and N. Vlassis. Robot soccer game or science. In M. Ivanescu, editor, Proceedings CNR-2002, pages 92-98. Editura Universitaria Craiova, October 2002. ISBN:973-8043-165-5.

[9] J. Kok, R. de Boer, and N. Vlassis. Towards an optimal scoring policy for simulated soccer agents. In M. Gini, W. Shen, C. Torras, and H. Yuasa, editors, Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Intelligent Autonomous Systems, pages 195-198, Marina del Rey, California, March 2002. IOS Press.

[10] Jelle R. Kok, Matthijs T.J. Spaan, and Nikos Vlassis. An approach to noncommunicative multiagent coordination in continuous domains. In M. Wiering, editor, Benelearn 2002: Proceedings of the Twelfth Belgian-Dutch Conference on Machine Learning, pages 46-52, Utrecht, The Netherlands, December 2002.

[11] J.R. Kok, R. de Boer, N. Vlassis, and F.C.A. Groen. Towards an optimal scoring policy for simulated soccer agents. In G. Kaminka, P.U. Lima, and R. Rojas, editors, RoboCup 2002: Robot Soccer World Cup VI, pages 292-299, Fukuoka, Japan, 2002. Springer-Verlag. In Print.

[12] J.R. Kok, R. de Boer, N. Vlassis, and F.C.A Groen. UvA Trilearn 2002 team description. In G. Kaminka, P.U. Lima, and R. Rojas, editors, RoboCup 2002: Robot Soccer World Cup VI, page 459, Fukuoka, Japan, 2002. Springer-Verlag. In Print.

[13] B.J.A. Krose, N. Vlassis, and R. Bunschoten. Omnidirectional vision for appearance-based robot localization. In G.D. Hagar, H.I. Cristensen, H. Bunke, and R. Klein, editors, Sensor Based Intelligent Robots: International Workshop, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, October 2000, Selected Revised Papers, number 2238 in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 39-50. Springer, 2002.

[14] E.M. Oost, S.H.G. ten Hagen, and F.H. Schulze. Extracting multivariate power functions from complex data sets. In H. Blockeel and M. Denecker, editors, Proceedings of the 14th Dutch-Belgian Artificial Intelligence Conference, BNAIC'02, pages 235-242, Leuven, Belgium, October 2002.

[15] M.T.J. Spaan and F.C.A. Groen. Team coordination among robotic soccer players. In G. Kaminka, P.U. Lima, and R. Rojas, editors, RoboCup 2002, pages 356-363. Springer-Verlag, 2002. In Print.

[16] M.T.J. Spaan, N. Vlassis, and F.C.A. Groen. High-level coordination of agents based on multiagent Markov decision processes with roles. In A. Saffiotti, editor, IROS'02 Workshop on Cooperative Robotics, pages 66-73, October 2002.

[17] M.T.J. Spaan, M. Wiering, R. Bartelds, R. Donkervoort, P. Jonker, F. Groen. Clockwork Orange: The Dutch RoboSoccer Team. In A. Birk, S. Coradeschi, S. Tadokoro, editors, RoboCup 2001: Robot Soccer World Cup V, pages 627-630. LNCS 2377, Springer-Verlag, 2002

[18] H.J.W. Spoelder, D.M. Germans, L. Renambot, H.E. Bal, P.J. de Waal, and F.C.A. Groen. A framework for interaction of distributed autonomous systems and human supervisors. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 51(4):798-803, August 2002.

[19] S.H.G. ten Hagen and B.J.A. Krose. Towards global consistent pose estimation from images. In R. Siegwart and C. Laugier, editors, Proc.IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages 466-471, Lausanne,Switzerland, September 2002. Omnipress.

[20] S.H.G. ten Hagen and B.J.A. Krose. Trajectory reconstruction for self-localization and map building. In W.R. Hamel and A.A. Maciejewski, editors, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pages 1796-1801, Washington D.C., USA, May 2002. Omnipress.

[21] K.I. Trovato and L. Dorst. Differential A*. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 14(6):1218-1229, September 2002.

[22] W. van der Mark, D. Fontijne, L. Dorst, and F.C.A. Groen. Vehicle ego-motion estimation with geometric algebra. In Proceedings IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium, Versailles, France, May 18-20 2002.

[23] M.B. van Leeuwen and F.C.A. Groen. Motion interpretation for in-car vision systems. In R. Siegwart and C. Laugier, editors, Proc.IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pages 135-141, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 2002. Omnipress.

[24] J.J. Verbeek, N. Vlassis, and B. Krose. A k-segments algorithm for finding principal curves. Pattern Recognition Letters, 23(8):1009-1017, 2002.

[25] J.J. Verbeek, N. Vlassis, and B.J.A. Krose. Coordinating Principal Component Analyzers. In J.R. Dorronsoro, editor, Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 914-919, Madrid, Spain, August 2002. Springer.

[26] J.J. Verbeek, N. Vlassis, and B.J.A. Krose. Fast non-linear dimensionality reduction using topology preserving networks. In M. Verleysen, editor, Proc. of European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, pages 193-198. D-side, Evere, Belgium, 2002.

[27] J.J. Verbeek, N. Vlassis, and B.J.A. Krose. Locally linear generative topographic mapping. In M. Wiering, editor, Benelearn 2002: Proceedings of the Twelfth Belgian-Dutch Conference on Machine Learning, Utrecht, The Netherlands, December 2002.

[28] N. Vlassis and A. Likas. A greedy EM algorithm for Gaussian mixture learning. Neural Processing Letters, 15(1):77-87, February 2002.

[29] N. Vlassis, Y. Motomura, and B. Krose. Supervised dimension reduction of intrinsically low-dimensional data. Neural Computation, 14(1):191-215, January 2002.

[30] N. Vlassis, B. Terwijn, and B. Krose. Auxiliary particle filter robot localization from high-dimensional sensor observations. In W.R. Hamel and A.A. Maciejewski, editors, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, pages 712, Washington D.C., USA, May 2002. Omnipress.

[31] Paul J. Withagen, Klamer Schutte, and Frans C.A. Groen. Likelihood-based object tracking using color histograms and EM. In A.M. Tekalp, editor, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2002), pages 589-592, Rochester, NY, September 2002. IEEE.

[32] Paul J. Withagen, Klamer Schutte, and Frans C.A. Groen. Object detection and tracking using a likelihood based approach. In E.F. Deprettere, A. Belloum, J.W.J. Heijnsdijk, and F. van der Stappen, editors, Proceedings of 8th annual conference of the Advanced School for Computing and Imaging (ASCI 2002), pages 248-253, Lochem, The Netherlands, June 2002. ASCI.

[33] W. Zajdel and B. Krose. Bayesian network for multiple hypothesis tracking. In H. Blockeel and M. Denecker, editors, Proceedings of the 14th Dutch-Belgian Artificial Intelligence Conference, BNAIC'02, pages 379-386, Leuven, Belgium, October 2002.

Technical reports

[1] R. Bunschoten and B. Krose. Robust scene reconstruction from an omnidirectional vision system. Technical Report IAS-UVA-02-02, Computer Science Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 2002.

[2] J.R. Kok and N. Vlassis. Mutual modeling of teammate behavior. Technical Report IAS-UVA- 02-04, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2002.

[3] J.J. Verbeek, N. Vlassis, and B. Krose. The Generative Self-Organizing Map: A Probabilistic Generalization of Kohonen's SOM. Technical Report IAS-UVA-02-03, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May 2002.

[4] J.J. Verbeek, N. Vlassis, and B. Krose. Procrustes Analysis to Coordinate Mixtures of Probabilistic Principal Component Analyzers. Technical Report IAS-UVA-02-01, Computer Science Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 2002.

[5] M.D. Zaharia. Computer graphics from a geometric algebra perspective. Technical Report IAS-UVA-02-05, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, August 2002.

[6] M.D. Zaharia and L. Dorst. The interface specification and implementation internals of a pro- gram module for geometric algebra. Technical Report IAS-UVA-02-06, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, December 2002.

Other products

D. Fontijne, GAIGEN: A geometric algebra implementation generator, enabling applications to use geometric algebra quickly. Applications have been: calibration of multiple cameras (robotics), detection of vector field singularities, a ray-tracer (computer graphics).

Appendix 2 Cooperations and Supporting Institutions

1. Computational Informatics

International: Dr. J. E. Kuebler, Department of Biology, California State University; Prof. Dr. D.J. Miller, Comparative Genomics Centre, James Cook University, Australia; Dr. M.J.H. van Oppen, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia; Prof. Dr. W.E.G. Mueller, Abt. Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Universit¨at Mainz, Germany; Dr. M.J.A. Vermeij, Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) at the University of Miami/ NOAA Southeast Science Fisheries Center; Dr. M. Bubak, Institute of Computer Science, AgH, Krakow, POLAND; Prof. A.V. Bogdanov, Dr. Y.E. Gorbachev and others, Institute for High Performance Computing and Information Systems, St.Petersburg, Russia; Prof Dr. L.Hluchy, Institute of Informatics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislawa, Slovakia; Prof M. Livny, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Dr. G. Videen, US Army Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA; Prof. Dr. B. Chopard, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Prof. Dr. V. Maltsev, Siberian Branch of Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation; Prof. Dr. V. Loiko, Dr. V. Babenko, Stepanov Institute of Physics, Minsk, Belarus; Prof. Dr. D. van Bockstaele, Antwerpen University Hospital and University of Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium; Prof J. Makino, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Prof Dr. C. Taylor, Stanford, USA; Dr. O. Santoso, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Dr. C. Bassarudin and Dr. B. Nazief, Computer Science, University of Indonesia, Depok - Jakarta, In- donesia; Prof P. Hut, Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton, USA; Dr. P. Teuben, University of Maryland, USA; Dr. H. Zinnecker, AIP, Germany; Prof. S. McMillan, Drexel University, USA; Dr. R. Klessen, AIP, Germany; Dr. D. Pooley, MIT, Boston, USA;

National: Prof. Dr. Ir. H.E. Bal, Department of Computer Science, Free University, Amsterdam; Prof. Dr. H. Reiber, University of Leiden, Leiden; Dr. C. Boucher, AZU, University of Utrecht, Utrecht; Prof D. Frenkel, Prof. Dr. W. van der Zande, AMOLF, Amsterdam; Prof. Dr. J. van Leeuwen, Department of Animal Sciences & Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University; Prof. Dr. R.P.M. Bak, NIOZ, Den Burg (Texel); Dr. G. Streekstra, AMC - UvA, Amsterdam; Prof. Dr. H. van As, Dr. R. van der Sman, Agricultural University Wageningen; Dr. D. Kandhai, TUD, Delft; Prof P. Iedema, Chemical Technology, University of Amsterdam; Dr. Bouten, Earth Sciences, University of Amsterdam; Dr L.B.F.M. Waters, Prof. Dr. J. Hovenier, Prof E.P.J. van den Heuvel, Astronomy Department, University of Amsterdam; Prof P. Hemker, CWI, Amsterdam.

The Computational Informatics Group is supported by:Nato Science for Peace Program; European Union, 6th Framework Program; KNAW; NWO (NCF, FOM, NOVA, MPR); Hogeschool van Amsterdam; Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs ; Dutch Foundation for HPCN.

2. Advanced Computing Systems Engineering

Biology Department of UvA (NL); CMG Den Haag B.V, (NL); CSIN (Portugal); Frame Holding BV (NL); International Music consortium BV (NL); KPN research (NL); Ministry of Transportation (NL); Nikhef (NL); Philips Nederlandse Bedrijven BV (NL); Sylogic BV (NL); Technical University Delft (NL); Leiden University (NL); UNINOVA (Portugal); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil); Universidade Nova de Lisboa (Portugal); Vrije Universiteit (NL); AMOLF Institute (NL); FORTHNE (Greece); IASI (Italy); IBIT (Spain); ICEP (Portugal); Sun Microsystems (Spain); T6 (Italy)

The CAPS group is supported by:European Union; HPCN Foundation; Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat; NOW; STW/Progress; ICES/KIS; IFIP; Philips Nederlandse Bedrijven BV; Senter

3. Programming Methods and Programming Environments

Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica; University of Utrecht; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Vanenburg Group; SERC; PinkRoccade; AtosOrigin; Software Improvement Group; Microsoft Research (GB)The group is supported by the Dutch National Science Council NWO.

4. Intelligent Sensory Information Systems

AMIS, 1996-2003, NWO, 500 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS, UU-CS, UT-CS, TUD-CS. The project studies multi-media information analysis.

Horus, 1996-2002, IOP, UvA, 500 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at the formation of an object oriented software library for image processing.

Multi-media Information Analysis, 1999-2002, ICES KIS 2, 2.5 MEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS, CWI. The project aims at various forms of multi-media access including e-documents and video.

Multi-media Document Analysis, 1999-2002, Oce, 200 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at various forms of access to color e-documents.

Multi-media Library Analysis, 1999-2002, Elsevier, 200 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at various forms of access to scientific documents.

4D imaging, 1999-2002, NWO, 150 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS, TUDelft-Physics-PH, others. The project aims tracking movement in 2D, 3D images.

Image retrieval, 2001-2005, IOP, Markgraaf, 200 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at analyzing logo's, signs to classify them on perceptual similarity.

Tracking Sport Video, 2002-2005, IOP, Philips CFT, 200 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at tracking of objects in sport video.

Video processing, NWO, 150 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at tracking objects in video sequences.

Video structure analysis, 1999-2002, NWO, 150 KEuro, UvA-Science-ISIS. The project aims at decomposing a video into its narrative entities.

Video tracking, 1999-2002, IOP and Noldus, 200 KEuro. The project aims at tracking objects in video sequences.

Parallel library tools for image processing, NWO, 150 KEuro, TUD-CS, TUD-PH, UvA-ISIS. The project aims at analyzing parallel processes, processing for image processing.

The ISIS group is supported by:

ICES-KIS, IOP-BV, IOP-MMI, EU, NWO-GBE, NWO-STW, NWO-ALW, TNO-TPD, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Oce, Philips CFT, Elsevier.

5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems

Scientific institutions:VU, Computer Science ASCI onderzoeksschool, especially Pattern Recognition, TUDelft; Stichting Neurale Netwerken (SNN); Science and Technology (AIST), Japan; Pattern Recognition Group,Imaging Science and Technology, Applied Sciences, TUDelft; SWI, University of Amsterdam KTH, Stockholm, Sweden; LAAS, Toulouse, France Frauenhofer Insitute IPA, Stuttgart, Germany EPFL,Lausanne, Switzerland ITS, TUDelft; Caltech, USA; University. of Ioannina, Greece; Institute for Language Logic and Computation (UvA); Korteweg de Vries Institute for Mathematics (UvA);University of Waterloo, Canada; Arizona State University, USA; Cambridge University Engineering, GBR; CWI, Amsterdam;

Industry:TNO/FEL; TNO/TPD; Philips CFT; Philips Research: Sentient Machines Research (SMR); Shell; Unilever; KiQ; Noldus BV; Eagle Vision; Epictoid; DarcEdge Technologies, Luxembourg

The Intelligent Autonomous Systems group is supported by:Stichting Technische Wetenschappen (STW); NWO (ToKeN 2000); FEL-TNO; Ministry of Economic Affairs; Ministry of Education.

Appendix 3 Other contributions

1. Computational Informatics

Editorial position: P.M.A. Sloot, FGCS International Journal of Computational Science , Editor in Chief

Editorial position: Jaap A. Kaandorp, Virtual Medical Worlds, Member of the advisory board

Editorial position: P.M.A. Sloot, A.G. Hoekstra, Computational Science - ICCS 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in series Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2329 - 2331, 2002, Co-editors

Editorial position: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Galactic Dynamics, Workshop proceedings, Co-editor

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, Cellular Automata Model of Drug Therapy for HIV Infection, October 11, 2002, Applications of Cellular Automata in Research and Industry: ACRI 2002,Geneva, Switzerland

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, A Multi-modal Interface for an Interactive Simulated Vascular Reconstruction System, October 15, 2002, International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, ICMI'02, Pittsburgh, USA

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, Advanced Computer Modeling and Simulation, April 3, 2002, Physics Department at Fudan University, Shanghai, China

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, Scientific Visualization and Virtual Reality, April 4, 2002, CAD National key Lab at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, High performance computing and Grids, April 9, 2002, Institute of Computational Technique (ICT) at Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, Interactive visualisation, July 13, 2002, Corning Scientific Center, St. Petersburg, Russia

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, Dynamite-G: Dynamic task migration on the Grid, May 24, 2002, INP Grid Seminar, Krakow, Poland

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, Interactive Simulation and Visualization of Bloodflow, August 27, 2002, Department of Mathematical Modeling and Informatics, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark

Invited speaker: P.M.A. Sloot, CrossGrid, September 20, 2002, HealthGRID workshop, Brussels

Invited speaker: A.G. Hoekstra, What can computational science do for the light scattering community ? , Conference on Light Scattering by arbitrarily shaped particles, 2002 Gainesville, Florida, USA

Invited speaker: G.D. van Albada, Surfing the Grid - Dynamic Task Migration in the Polder Metacomputer Project, 9th European PVM/MPI Users'Group Meeting, September 29 - October 2, 2002 Linz, Austria

Invited speaker: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Colloqium, December 12 Free University, Brussels, Belgium

Invited speaker: S.F. Portegies Zwart, , Workshop on Star Clusters in the Galactic Center, April 26 May 1, 2002 Astronomische Rechen Institute in Heidelberg, Germany

Invited speaker: S.F. Portegies Zwart, , Workshop on Gravitational Wave Astronomy, November 29 December 7, 2002 Penn State University, USA

Invited speaker: S.F. Portegies Zwart, , Colloquium , Leiden University

Invited speaker: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Black-hole Binaries and Stellar Clusters, Workshop on "The Role of Binaries in Star Clusters", 25 28 February, 2002 Institute for Theoretical Physics in Santa Barbara, USA

P.M.A. Sloot was a member of eight program committees for international conferences.

Program committee member: J.A. Kaandorp, IASTED International Conference Biomedical Engineering BioMED 2003 June 25-27, 2003 Salzburg, Austria, scientific committee, 2002, Salzburg, Austria

Program committee member: A.G. Hoekstra, International Conference on Computational Science 2002, scientific organisation committee, 2002, Amsterdam

Program committee member: A.G. Hoekstra, Conference on Light Scattering by arbitrarily shaped particles, scientific committee, 2002, Gainesville, Florida

Scientific event: P.M.A. Sloot, Conference Chair International Conference on Computational Science ICCS 2002, Amsterdam, April 2002

Scientific event: J.A. Kaandorp, Co-organizer Morphometrics in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology A Special Course on Advanced Topics in Biostatistics, Amsterdam, April 2002

Scientific event: A.G. Hoekstra, Workshop Chair of International Conference on Computational Science ICCS 2002, Amsterdam, 2002

Scientific event: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Co-organizer Joint European Discussion JENAM, Workshop on Galactic Dynamics, Porto, Portugal, June 2002

Scientific event: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Organizer of the workshop for the MODEST consortium, Univeristy of Amsterdam, December 16-17, 2002

Scientific event: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Organizer of the workshop for Starlab collaborators, Univeristy of Amsterdam, December 17-21, 2002

Scientific event: S.F. Portegies Zwart, Co-organizer of the workshop on the dynamical evolution of star clusters near the Galactic center, Heidelberg, Germany, 2730 April, 2002

International function: A.G. Hoekstra, Advanced School for Computing and Imaging (ASCI), Member of the Scientific Advisory Board

International function: A.G. Hoekstra, VSNU, Member of the panel 'functie ordenen'

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, Informatica Kamer Nederland, Member

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, NWO-NCF, Member working group on Supercomputing

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, NWO, Member working group on Biomolecular Informatics

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, NWO, Member working group on Computational Science

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, NWO, Member VICI committee

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, Foundation of Beta Companies, Amsterdam, Advisor

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, NIP: Nederlands Instituut in St. Peterburg, Russia, Scientific advisor

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, Russian Academy of Sciences, Advisor

International function: P.M.A. Sloot, AgH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland, Scientific advisor

2. Advanced Computing Systems Engineering

L.O. Hertzberger is a scientific adviser at Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven

L.O. Hertzberger is a member of the management team of the ASCI school

Editorial position: L.O. Hertzberger, Future Generation Computer Systems, Editor in Chief

Scientific event: L. O. Hertzberger, iGRID 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April

Program committee member: L. O. Hertzberger, International Conference on Computational Science, Program Committee Member, April, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Program committee member: L. O. Hertzberger, iGRID 2002, Program Committee Member, April, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Invited speaker: L. O. Hertzberger, The Virtual Laboratory on the Grid, International Conference on Computational Science, Amsterdam

Scientific event: C. de Laat, iGRID 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, April

Program committee member: C. de Laat, iGRID 2002, Program Committee Member, April, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

International function: C. de Laat, GGF 4, Grid Forum Steering Group member

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, iGRID 2002, Amsterdam

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, Optical Networking Experiences @ iGrid2002, Canarie Advanced Networks workshop, Montreal, Ca

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, Why is Optical Networking interesting, EVL, University of Illinois, Chicago

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, Working and research group chairs training, Global Grid Forum 6 meeting, Chicago

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, Why is Optical Networking interesting, EU project SERENATE workshop, La Hulpe (Be)

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, London Communications Sym- posium, UCL, London

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, Electronic Visualization Lab, University of Illinois, Chicago

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, ISOC, Amsterdam

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, Workshop Terena/FlagTelecom, Amsterdam

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, Nordunet conference, Copenhagen

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, The Road to Optical Networking, Terena conference, Limerick

Invited speaker: C. de Laat, Lambda Networking Research, Lambda's and grids informational session, UCL, London

Scientific event: H. Afsarmanesh, 5th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Information Technology for Balanced Automation Systems in Production and Transportation (BASYS 2002), Cancun, Mexico, September

Scientific event: H. Afsarmanesh, 3rd IFIP Working Conference on Infrastructures for Industrial Virtual Enterprises (PRO-VE'02), Sesimbra, Portugal, May

Scientific event: H. Afsarmanesh, THINKcreative Workshop "Towards Collaborative Relationships in the Creative Economy", Amsterdam, The Netherlands, May

Program committee member: H. Afsarmanesh, DEXA 2002 - 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, Program Committee Member, Sept., Aix-en- Provence, France

Program committee member: H. Afsarmanesh, EurAsia-ICT 2002 - 1st EurAsian Conference on Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Program Committee Member, Oct., Tehran, Iran

Program committee member: H. Afsarmanesh, WBC 2002 - International workshop on Web- based Collaboration, Program Committee Member, Sept., Cancun, Mexico

Program committee member: H. Afsarmanesh, BASYS 2002 - 5th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Information Technology for Balanced Automation Systems in Production and Transportation, Program Committee Member, Sept., Cancun, Mexico

Program committee member: H. Afsarmanesh, CARS&FOF 2002 - 18th International conference on CAD/CAM, Robotics, and Factories of the Future, E-manufacturing: Advances in Business paradigms and supporting technologies, Program Committee Member, July, Porto, Portugal

Program committee member: H. Afsarmanesh, PRO-VE 2002 - 3rd IFIP Working Conference on Infrastructures for Industrial Virtual Enterprises, Program Committee Member, May, Sesimbra, Portugal

Editorial position: H. Afsarmanesh, International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organizations (JNVO), Member of Editorial Board

Editorial position: H. Afsarmanesh, International Journal of Information Technology and Management (IJITM), Member of Editorial Board

Editorial position: H. Afsarmanesh, Journal of Evolutionary Computation, currently published in Italian (Computazione Evolutiva), Member of Editorial Board

H. Afsarmanesh is founding member of the IFIP WG 5.5, member of WG 5.5 since 2002, and elected member of the IFIP, WG 5.3 since 1999.

Scientific event: A.D. Pimentel, Int. workshop on Systems, Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, Samos, Greece, July

Program committee member: A. D. Pimentel, Int. workshop on Systems, Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, Program Committee Member, July, Samos, Greece

3. Programming Methods and Programming Environments

Editorial position: J.A. Bergstra, Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, managing editor

Editorial position: J.A. Bergstra, Science of Computer Programming, managing editor

Editorial position: J.A. Bergstra, Annals of Pure and Applied Logic, Advisory editor

Editorial position: I. Bethke, Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, editorial assistant

Editorial position: P. Klint, IEE Proceedings- Software, editor

Editorial position: P. Klint, Science of Computer Programming, editor

Editorial position: M. Loots, Science of Computer Programming, editorial assistant

Editorial position: A. Ponse, Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming, editor

Program committee member: P. Klint, 9-th International Conference on Algebraic Methodology And Software Technology (AMAST 2002), PC member, September 913, 2002, St. Gilles lesBains, Reunion Island, France

Program committee member: P. Klint, International Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (PPDP 2002), PC member, October 6-8, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Program committee member: P. Klint, 2nd International Workshop on Reduction Strategies in Rewriting and Programming (WRS 2002), PC member, July 21, 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark

International function: P. Klint, President European Association for Programming Languages and Systems (EAPLS),

International function: P. Klint, Member Steering Committee European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Programming (ETAPS),

International function: P. Klint, Member Conseil Scientifique INRIA,

International function: P. Klint, Member Adviescommissie Informatica ACI (NWO),

International function: P. Klint, Member Program Committee Jacquard (6 year NWO programme for stimulating software engineering research),

International function: P. Klint, Member IPN (Informatica Platform Nederland),

International function: P. Klint, Advisor: Ministery of Economic Affairs, First Result, Science Foundation Ireland

4. Intelligent Sensory Information Systems

Editorial position: Th. Gevers, G. Finlayson, R. Schettini, Int Journ Computer Vision and Image Understanding, special issue on Color for Image Indexing and Retrieval

Editorial position: A.W.M. Smeulders, T. Huang, Th. Gevers, Int Journ Computer Vision, special issue on Content-based image retrieval

Editorial position: G. Sannitti di Baja, A.W.M. Smeulders, L. Kanal, Pattern Recognition Letters, special issue on Edzard Gelsema

Editorial position: N. Sebe, M. Lew, A.W.M. Smeulders, Computer Vision Image Understand- ing, special issue on Similarity

Invited speaker: Th. Gevers, A.W.M. Smeulders, Content-based Image Retrieval, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Quebec City, Canada

Invited speaker: Th. Gevers, A.W.M. Smeulders, J-M Geusebroek, Color in Image and Video Databases, IS&T European Conference on Color in Graphics, Image and Vision, Poitiers, France

Invited speaker: M.L. Kersten, Main-memory database systems, Database Congress, Amsterdam

Invited speaker: M.L. Kersten, A shoppinglist for the Monet database kernel, Seminar, Microsoft Research Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Invited speaker: M.L. Kersten, The Holy Grail of Digital Libraries, ICT Kenniscongres, Den Haag

Invited speaker: A. W. M. Smeulders, Content based image retrieval, NIOC conferentie, En- schede

Invited speaker: A. W. M. Smeulders, M. Worring, T. Gevers, J.-M. Geusebroek, Content based image retrieval at the end of the early years, CIVR, London

Invited speaker: A. W. M. Smeulders, G. Schreiber, L. Hardman, J.-M. Geusebroek, Content- based retrieval for cultural heritage, ACM Multimedia MIR, Juan Les Pins

Invited speaker: A. W. M. Smeulders, The sleeping giant, Conference on Anarchives, Rotter- dam

Invited speaker: Marcel Worring, Bridging the semantic gap: How to retrieve what we are really looking for?, IEEE benelux midwinter meeting, Eindhoven

Invited speaker: Marcel Worring, Interactive Indexing and Retrieval of Multimedia Content, SofSem, Milovy, Czech Republic

Invited speaker: Marcel Worring, De multimediale bibliotheek: mogelijkheden en onmogeli- jkheden, Jubileumcongres Nederlandse Vereniging van Beroepsbeoefenaren in de Bibliotheek-, Informatie- en Kennissector, Ede

Invited speaker: Marcel Worring, De multimediale bibliotheek: mogelijkheden en onmogeli- jkheden, EDUBA lezing, Amsterdam

Program committee member: Th. Gevers, ICPR, 2002, Quebec City, Canada, member

Program committee member: Th. Gevers, SPIE, 2002, San Jose, USA, member

Program committee member: Th. Gevers, Visual, 2002, HsinChu, Taiwan, member

Program committee member: Th. Gevers, CIVR, 2002, London, England, member

Program committee member: Th. Gevers, CGIV, 2002, Poitiers, France, member

Program committee member: M.L. Kersten, ICDE, 2002, San Jose, USA, member

Program committee member: M.L. Kersten, ECDL, 2002, Rome, Italy, member

Program committee member: M.L. Kersten, IDEAS, 2002, Edmonton, Canada, member

Program committee member: M.L. Kersten, IDEAL, 2002, Manchester, UK, member

Program committee member: M.L. Kersten, VLDB, 2002, Hongkong, China, member

Program committee member: M.L. Kersten, WISE, 2002, Singapore, member

Program committee member: A. W. M. Smeulders, ISMB, member of evaluation board, Italy, 2002

Program committee member: A. W. M. Smeulders, ECCV, 2002, Kopenhagen, member

Program committee member: A. W. M. Smeulders, ICIG, 2002, China, member

Program committee member: A. W. M. Smeulders, ICME, 2002, Lausanne, member

Program committee member: A. W. M. Smeulders, CIVR, 2002, London, member

Program committee member: A. W. M. Smeulders, Video, 2002, Florida, member

Program committee member: Marcel Worring, ICME, member, August 26-29, Lausanne

Program committee member: Marcel Worring, ICPR, member, 11-15 august, Quebec City

Program committee member: Marcel Worring, Visual, member, March 11-13, Hsin Chu, Taiwan

Program committee member: Marcel Worring, Workshop on multimedia semantics, member, November 28-29, Milovy, Czech Republic

Award: A.W.M. Smeulders, Lifetime honorary member, NVPHBV, 2002,

Award: A.W.M. Smeulders, Fellow, IAPR, 2000,

International function: M.L. Kersten, VLDB Endowment Executive Board, Member

International function: M.L. Kersten, Scientific Advisory Board GMD/IPSI, Member

International function: M.L. Kersten, Scientific Advisory Board Helsinki IIT, Member

International function: M.L. Kersten, Amsterdam New Media Association, Member

International function: A. W. M. Smeulders, International Association of Pattern Recognition, member of the board

International function: A. W. M. Smeulders, MultimediaN, Scientific Director

International function: A. W. M. Smeulders, IOP Beeldverwerken, 1995 - 2004, member of the board

International function: A. W. M. Smeulders, Power Computing Communications and Analysis b.v, member of the non-executive board;

International function: A. W. M. Smeulders, Kenniscentrum MediaMill UvA-TNO, member of the non-executive board

International function: A. W. M. Smeulders, AmGC, member of the non-executive board

International function: Marcel Worring, Dutch chapter of the IAPR, Member of the board.

5. Intelligent Autonomous Systems

IAS is one of the partners of the Centre of Excellence "Intelligent Autonomous Systems" a collaboration between the University of Amsterdam and TNO.

IAS is one of the partners of the DECIS lab, a Dutch collaboration om intelligent Systems between Thales, TUD, UvA en TNO.

IAS actively participates in EURON, the European Network of Excellence in robotics. Two staff members of the group are directly involved in EURON activities related to publications and the electronic newsletter.

In collaboration with dr Duin from the Pattern Recognition Group of the TU Delft IAS organized an ASCI Ph.D. course on advanced issues in statistical pattern recognition.

In collaboration with the Foundation for Neural Networks IAS organized a course on advanced issues in Neurocomputing.

Editorial position: F.C.A. Groen, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Editor-in-Chief

International function: F.C.A. Groen, International Robocup Federation, trustee

International function: F.C.A. Groen, EURON Adcom, key-area co-chair publications

International function: F.C.A. Groen, technical committee TC-20 Instrumentation and measurement society, chair

Program committee member: F.C.A.Groen, 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI02), member, July 21-26, Lyon, France

Program committee member: F.C.A.Groen, IROS 2002 Workshop on Cooperative Robotics, member, October 1, Lausanne, CH

Program committee member: F.C.A.Groen, 2002 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on RSJ, September 30 - October 4, Lausanne, CH

Program committee member: F.C.A.Groen, 7th International Conference on Intelligent Au- tonomous Systems (IAS-7), chair, March 25-27, Marina del Rey, USA

Program committee member: B.J.A. Krose, IAS-7, member, 2002, Los Angeles USA

Program committee member: B.J.A. Krose, BNAIC02, member, 2002, Leuven, Belgium

International function: B.J.A. Krose, IEEE TC on Service Robots, member

Scientific event: B. Kappen, R. Duin, B. Krose, Learning Solutions Conference, Nijmegen NL, June 14, 2002

Scientific event: J. Lasenby, C. Doran, L. Dorst, IMA conference on Geometric Algebra, Cambridge UK, September 5-6, 2002

Program committee member: N. Vlassis, Benelearn'02, 12th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Machine Learning, member, December 2002, Utrecht, NL