CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING THE CLOUD COMPUTING 1.pdf · ¢ Azure Storage Services, which provides scalable persistent storage of structured tables, arbitrary blobs, and queues. ¢ SQL

CHAPTER 1UNDERSTANDING THE

CLOUD COMPUTINGCLOUD COMPUTING

CONTENTS

¢Introduction to cloud Computing

¢Are you ready for Cloud Computing?

¢Surveying the role of Cloud Computing

¢Developing the Cloud Services

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INTRODUCTION

¢The term cloud computing implies access toremote computing services offered by thirdparties via a TCP/IP connection to the publicInternetInternet

¢The cloud symbol in a network diagram, whichinitially represented any type of multiusernetwork

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DEFINITION

¢ It is a style of computing in which resourcesare provided ‘‘as a service’’ over the Internetto users who need not have knowledge of,expertise in, or control over the technologyinfrastructure (‘‘in the cloud’’) that supportsinfrastructure (‘‘in the cloud’’) that supportsthem.

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WINDOWS AZURE PLATFORM

¢Cloud Computing with the Windows Azure Platform covers the enterprise-oriented cloud computing services offered by Windows Azure Platform.

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¢ Windows Azure, the operating system which implementsthe Windows Azure Fabric’s production version invirtualized Windows Server 2008 clusters.

¢ Azure Storage Services, which provides scalable persistentstorage of structured tables, arbitrary blobs, and queues.

¢ SQL Services: SQL Azure Database implements MicrosoftSQL Server in the cloud with features commonly offered byenterprise-scale relational database management systems.SQL Reporting and SQL Analysis services are expected asfuture data-related SQL Services. 7

¢ .NET Services: Access Control, Service Bus, and Workflowservices, as well as Server Bus Queues and Routers.

¢ Windows Azure Software Development Kit (SDK), whichimplements the Azure Development fabric and Azure StorageServices on local development PCs.

¢ Windows Azure Tools for Microsoft Visual Studio, whichprovide Visual Studio 2008 and 2010 project templates andother support for developing applications that run on theWindows Azure Development and Production fabrics. 8

INTRODUCING THE WINDOWS AZURE PLATFORM

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WHY MIGRATE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES

TO THE CLOUD?

¢ Get new products or services to market faster byminimizing time to deploy fixed IT assets, such as servers,switches, and routers, and by eliminating relatedincremental capital investment in these assets.

¢ Reduce capital costs. There’s no need to spend bigmoney on hardware, software or licensing fees so capitalexpenditure is very less.expenditure is very less.

¢ Reduce spending on technology infrastructure.Maintain easy access to your information with minimalupfront spending. Pay as you go (weekly, quarterly oryearly), based on demand.

¢ Improve accessibility. Get access to services at anytime,from anywhere, on any device 10

ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

¢ Scalability and Speed: Enterprises no longer have toinvest time in buying and setting up the hardware, softwareand other resources necessary for a new application. Theycan quickly scale up or scale down their usage of services onthe Cloud as per demands.

¢ Optimal Resource Utilization: Servers, storage andnetwork resources are better utilized as the Cloud is sharednetwork resources are better utilized as the Cloud is sharedby multiple users, thus it cut down the waste of resources

¢ Less personnel training is needed. It takes fewerpeople to do more work on a cloud, with a minimal learningcurve on hardware and software issues.

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ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING

¢Minimize licensing new software. Stretch and growwithout the need to buy expensive software licenses orprograms.

¢ Flexibility of work practices. Cloud computing allows¢ Flexibility of work practices. Cloud computing allowsemployees to be more flexible in their work practices. Forexample, you have the ability to access data from home, onholiday

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CLOUD CLIENTS

¢ THIN CLIENTS -:On the client side, one can use networkedand diskless workstations, also known as thin clients. Thesethin clients had sufficient computing power to run a webbrowser and a few simple applications downloaded from theWeb on demand but relied on networked disc storage onecan use their Smart phones as a client.

¢ Microsoft offered its own thin Internet clients as Web TV set-tops and connected to intranets with Zero-Administration Windows (ZAW) for NetPC clients

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¢ NETBOOK CLIENTS -: Net books are small laptop PCs thatare designed for wireless networking and access to theInternet, long battery life, and physical robustness.

¢ These client designs reduced cost by eliminating local fixeddisks and relied on networked servers to load applicationsand store user files.

CLOUD CLIENTS

and store user files.

¢ Approximately 50 million user licenses for hosted virtualdesktops will be purchased by 2013.

¢ Thin-client terminals will account for about 40

percent of user devices for hosted virtual desktop

deployment. 14

APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS AND SOFTWARE

AS A SERVICE

¢ In Cloud Computing Application service providers (ASPs)and web hosting firms were the first to rent server CPUcycles and storage space on an as-needed basis.

¢ ASPs gradually became known as Software as a Service (SaaS) providers.(SaaS) providers.

¢ Specialty ASPs usually deliver a single application, such ascredit card or other payment processing, customerrelationship management (CRM), human resourcesmanagement system (HRMS), word processing,spreadsheet, database or timesheet services

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SERVICE PROVIDERS¢ Google Apps provide web-based email, calendar, word-

processing, spreadsheet and presentation modules tobusiness users for a fixed charge per user per year, whileSalesforce.com rents CRM capabilities and Intuit providesits QuickBase RDBMS with per subscriber per monthbilling.

¢ Enterprise ASPs deliver a broad spectrum of specialtyASP solutions. For example, Microsoft rents MicrosoftSharePoint Services, Microsoft Dynamics CRM Services,and Office Business Applications (OBAs), as well asWindows Live services online.

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SERVICE PROVIDERS¢ Vertical-market ASPs deliver multiple software solutions

for a specific customer category, such as medical ordental practice, insurance brokerage, church congregation,residential or commercial construction, or personalfinance management.

¢ Local-market ASPs deliver geocoded marketing services ¢ Local-market ASPs deliver geocoded marketing services to small service businesses, such as restaurants, pubs and bars, within a limited geographic region.

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WEB HOSTING SERVICES

¢ Web hosting services provide operating systems, webserver implementations, e-mail processing, contentstorage, high-speed Internet connectivity, and relatedservices at monthly charges ranging from free tothousands of dollars, depending on resources consumed.

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CATEGORIES OF WEB HOSTING SERVICES

¢ 1) Shared server hosting runs multiple sites from a singlephysical server and operating system instance

¢ Relatively little protection exists for an individual website’s intellectual property with shared server hostingbecause several services run on shared resources,including the same operating system instance.including the same operating system instance.

¢ Most free and low-cost (US$30.00 per month and lower)services use shared server hosting

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¢ 2) Virtual Private Server (VPS), also called dedicatedvirtual server hosting, isolates the operating system andweb server in a virtualized instance, which allows a site tobe logically partitioned from other sites on one or a clusterof physical machines.

¢ VPS hosting provides additional security and costs fromVPS hosting provides additional security and costs fromabout US$40 or more per month with increased storageand traffic limits. Smallscale e-commerce sites commonlyuse VPS hosting. Some firms charge small setup fees forVPS hosting.

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¢ 3) Dedicated server hosting leases a physical web server to the operator for increased security by content isolation at a cost of from about US$200 per month and up, with the monthly charge dependent on resources provided. Setup fees are common for dedicated server hostingfees are common for dedicated server hosting

¢ 4) Colocation facilities house the web site operator’s server and storage hardware in a data center

¢ This is the only web hosting category in which the hosting firm doesn’t own the Web and application servers.

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¢ The colocation provider supplies Internet connectivity,power, cooling, fire protection, data backup, and othersecurity services. Colocation commonly is used for largecontent-oriented web site and medium-size or larger e-commerce sites. Setup and monthly charges are based onfloor area, power consumption, and Internet traffic.

¢ Rackspace Hosting, Inc. is a large web hosting firm thatoffers VPS hosting (which it calls cloud hosting) andspecializes in managed hosting, which includes dedicatedserver hosting and collocation, targeting small andmedium-sized businesses (SMBs).

¢ Other providers are Amazon Web Services’ provides

EC2, Simple Storage Services, and Elastic Block Storage.22

CLOUD COMPUTING AND EVERYTHING AS A

SERVICE

¢ Cloud computing services, like many other SOAimplementations, are composable.

¢ Cloud computing services highly composable system as asystem that ‘‘provides recombinant components that canbe selected and assembled in various combinations tobe selected and assembled in various combinations tosatisfy specific user requirements.

¢ It must also be stateless, which means it treats each request as an independent transaction, unrelated to any previous request.’’

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COMPONENTS OF SERVICES

1) Files [storage] as a Service: FaaS, often called DataStorage as a Service (DaaS), lets users store files ofvarious data types in a highly scalable hierarchical filesystem and retrieve them over the Internet as variousMultipurpose Internet Mail Extension (MIME) types.

¢ FaaS was one of the first cloud-based services.FaaS was one of the first cloud-based services.

¢ Several Internet start-ups, such as SmugMug, DropBox,Ozmo, and HolaServers, use AmazonWeb Services’ SimpleStorage Service (S3) to hold graphic images and other files,charging users a small or no access fee. Microsoft LiveSkyDrive is a FaaS provider that gives users up to 25GB offree file storage at no charge. 24


2) Data Storage or Database as a Service implies structuredstorage with at least some relational databasemanagement system (RDBMS) features, such as querycapabilities, primary and foreign key indexes, and entityassociations through simulated JOINs

¢ Commercial cloud services, such as Amazon Web ServicesCommercial cloud services, such as Amazon Web Services(AWS), Google App Engine (GAE), and Windows Azure,offer indexed Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) tables andquery languages having some relationship to SQL.Microsoft says SQL Azure Database (SADB) ‘‘offer highlyscalable and Internet facing distributed database servicesin the cloud for storing and processing relational queries.’’

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DATA STORAGE OR DATABASE AS A SERVICE

¢ SADB, Amazon SimpleDB, and GAE’s DataStoreoffer advanced features that qualify them asDatabases as a Service (DBaaS).Databases as a Service (DBaaS).

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3) Software as a Service: SaaS delivers a packaged orequivalent commercial software application to end usersover the Internet with a subscription or usage-basedpricing model, as opposed to a traditional lifetime licensefor a particular version.

¢ Examples include Microsoft Office Live, MicrosoftExamples include Microsoft Office Live, MicrosoftExchange Online, Microsoft SharePoint Online, MicrosoftDynamics CRM Online, and Salesforce.com. Microsoft wasan early SaaS supporter with SOAP-based web services buthas gradually migrated to promoting Software plusServices (S+S).

¢ Application as a Service is a synonym for SaaS. 27


3) Software as a Service: SaaS delivers a packaged orequivalent commercial software application to end usersover the Internet with a subscription or usage-basedpricing model, as opposed to a traditional lifetime licensefor a particular version.

¢ Examples include Microsoft Office Live, MicrosoftExamples include Microsoft Office Live, MicrosoftExchange Online, Microsoft SharePoint Online, MicrosoftDynamics CRM Online, and Salesforce.com. Microsoft wasan early SaaS supporter with SOAP-based web services buthas gradually migrated to promoting Software plusServices (S+S).

¢ Application as a Service is a synonym for SaaS. 28


4) Software plus Services: S+S is Microsoft’s marketingterminology for traditional licensed on-premises softwareoffered as a hosted service by Microsoft or hostingpartners.

¢ Hosting partners can offer virtualized private-labeledMicrosoft server applications, such as Exchange or SQLMicrosoft server applications, such as Exchange or SQLServer, or value-added services to Microsoft-hostedapplications, such as Dynamics CRM.

¢ The feature that distinguishes S+S is the ability for customers to run the equivalent services on premises

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SOFTWARE PLUS SERVICES

¢ The most interesting example of S+S is AmazonWeb Service’s EC2 running Windows Server 2003and SQL Server [Express] 2005 with Elastic BlockStore data storage and S3 storage for AmazonMachine Images (AMIs) and EBS snapshotMachine Images (AMIs) and EBS snapshotbackups.

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5) Infrastructure as a Service: IaaS provides traditionaldata center resources, such as highly scalable virtualizedcomputing power, memory and storage, over a network(typically, but not necessarily, the Internet) and usuallywith a subscription or per usage pricing model.

¢ IaaS is also called utility computing.IaaS is also called utility computing.

¢ Internet-delivered cloud examples include AmazonWeb Services, GoGrid, and Flexiscale. IaaS or PaaS delivered over an intranet is called a private cloud.

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6) Communication as a Service: CaaS providescommunication capability that is service-oriented,configurable, schedulable, predictable, and reliable, as wellas network security, dynamic provisioning of virtualoverlays for traffic isolation or dedicated bandwidth,guaranteed message delay, communication encryption, andnetwork monitoring.

¢ CaaS is critical to meeting Service Level Agreements (SLAs) but usually is considered to be a component of SaaS, S+S, or IaaS.

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7) Monitoring as a Service: MaaS notifies the user of cloudcomputing or network outages, errors, or slowdowns.

¢ For example, Cloud Status is a simple iPhone applicationthat monitors the status of Amazon Web Services, GoogleApp Engine, and Twitter and reports whether service isnormal, has problems, or is down

¢ MaaS can contain auditing components for networkvulnerability assessment or to verify SLA conformance andthe accuracy of monthly usage charges.

¢ RightScale, also provide instance deployment automationfor increasing the number of running AMI instances duringdemand peaks and reducing the number as demandsubsides.

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8) Platform as a Service: PaaS usually comprises at leastthese three distinct elements.

¢ A) Tools as a Service (TaaS), which provides Web-based development tools and languages, such as Microsoft Visual Studio (for Visual C#, Visual Basic, Iron Python, and Iron Ruby) or open-source Eclipse (primarily for Java). Ruby) or open-source Eclipse (primarily for Java).

¢ The Windows Azure Tools for VS 2008 include templates for creating Web, Worker, Web and Worker, and Cloud Sequential Workflow Services that can run under a local (developer) or cloud (production) Windows Azure instance (fabric).

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COMPONENTS OF SERVICES¢ B) A virtualized runtime application platform that enables

running applications in the cloud, typically on top of an IaaSand delivered as SaaS.

¢ Amazon EC2 has pre-built AMIs for 32-bit and 64-bit Linuxdistributions, Windows Server 2003 R2 with SQL Server2005, and Oracle databases, as well as 64-bit Open Solaris.Windows Azure runs on Windows Server 2008 with a customversion of Microsoft’s Hyper-V hypervisor. Google AppEngine offers Python.

¢ C) FaaS to persist the state of the runtime application inAmazon’s Elastic Block Store, SimpleDB or S3, Google’sBigTable, orWindows Azure Storage Services’ tables andblobs. 35


10 ) Everything as a Service: EaaS, XaaS, or *aaS is a subset ofcloud computing, according to Wikipedia, which calls EaaS ‘‘aconcept of being able to call up re-usable, fine-grainedsoftware components across a network.’’

¢ What’s missing in this definition is orchestrated interactionbetween the components to solve a business problem, which isoften called Integration as a Service.

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CLOUD COMPUTING CONCERNS

¢ Privacy and security are the two primary governanceissues that IT managers face when attempting to reduceproject budgets and improve scalability with PaaS, IaaS,SaaS, or any combination of cloud computing services.

¢ Following are the ‘‘Five Fast Fixes’’ to secure data in thecloud recommended by Mike Frattocloud recommended by Mike Fratto

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¢ 1. Define Your Governance Needs: Are they internal,external, legal? List the requirements and how they’resatisfied.

¢ 2. Classify Your Data: Before you can determine what datayou can safely put in the cloud, you first have to classify andlabel it according to sensitivity and type.

¢ 3. Choose Vendor: Identify cloud vendors that can satisfyyour processing and governance needs. Direct businessyour processing and governance needs. Direct businessleaders to walk away from the rest, no matter how attractivepricing is.

¢ 4. Set Limits: Define what the service provider can do withyour data. Prohibiting the outsourcing of processing to athird party without your consent is basic.

¢ 5. Put Rules in Writing: Publish policies and proceduresstating which cloud vendors can receive which types of data.

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

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Documents

CHAPTER 1 UNDERSTANDING THE CLOUD COMPUTING 1.pdf · ¢ Azure Storage Services, which provides scalable persistent storage of structured tables, arbitrary blobs, and queues. ¢ SQL