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Chapter 1 Section 4
The Reformation Continues
Other Reformation Movements
• John Calvin 1509-1564(Calvinism) wanted a theocracy to rule. Strict rules. Predestination (God has already chosen those to save. The “elect”) p61
• John Knox (Presbyterians) community churches led by laymen, elders (presbyters) became official religion of Scotland in 1560’s. Got rid of Mary Queen of Scots, replaced by son James. p62
• Anabaptists—people who believed that people should make informed decision to join a church and were baptized again. Church and state should be separate.
Reformation Leaders
John Calvin 1509-1564
John Knox 1513-
1572
Huldrych Zwingli
1484-1531
Ignatius of Loyola 1491 -1556
Marguerite of Navarre 1492-1549
Catholic Reformation
• Catholic Church saw need to repair itself
– Ignatius of Loyola: spiritual prayers and
meditation about Jesus would cleanse soul
– Pope creates order of Jesuits from followers of
Loyola to do three things
• Start schools of Classical and theological study
• Convert non-Christians by sending missionaries
around the world
• Stop spread of Protestantism
• Council of Trent-1545-1563 —Catholic bishops and
Cardinals agree on important topics”
– Church’s interpretation of Bible was final
– Faith and good works needed for salvation
– Bible and Church instruction were equal authorities for
guiding Christian living
– Indulgences were valid expressions of faith
• Index of Forbidden Books was created to list
books dangerous for Catholics to read and many
were burned in bonfires across Europe
Legacy of Reformation
• Protestant Churches flourish
• New types of Christianity develop
• Roman Catholic Church became more unified and made some reforms
• Emphasis on education became important for Protestants
• Individual monarchs gain power as Church loses power and influence
• Questioning of beliefs and authority set foundation for Age of Enlightenment in 18th Century