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Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

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Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1. Greek Roots of Democracy. The Rise of Greek City-States. The Greeks, isolated in mountain valleys and on islands, built small, independent city-states. CITY-STATES is a political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Chapter 1 Section 1Standard: 10.1

Page 2: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Greek Roots of Democracy

Page 3: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

The Rise of Greek City-States

• The Greeks, isolated in mountain valleys and on islands, built small, independent city-states.

• CITY-STATES is a political unit made up of a city and the surrounding lands.

• The Greeks expanded over seas from Spain to Egypt.

Page 4: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Governing the City-States

• Cities were built on 2 levels: • On a hilltop was a acropolis (uh KRAH puh lis),

the high city, with its great temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses.

• On flatter ground below were the main city with the marketplace, theater, public buildings, and homes.

Page 5: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Governing the City-States

acropolis

TOWN

Page 6: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Governing the City-States

• Population: small• Helps citizens share responsibility for its

triumphs and defeats

• Community:• Men spent time outdoors in marketplace• Debated issues that affected their lives• Whole-community festivals honoring the city’s

special god or goddess

Page 7: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

A Change 750 B.C.- 500 B.C.

• First, a king ruled the polis which is a monarchy.• MONARCHY: King or queen has central power

• Then power shifted to a class of noble landowners which is an aristocracy. At first they defended the King. Eventually they changed and won power for themselves.• ARISTOCRACY: Small ruling group

Page 8: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Changes in Warfare

• Middle class became more powerful with changes in military technology

• New fighting method: Phalanx• A massive formation that required many hours

of practice.• Intensive training lead to strong sense of unity

among citizen-soldiers

Page 9: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Changes in Warfare

• Putting the defense of the city-state in the hands of ordinary citizens lead to less class difference.

• It also led to a change among 2 of the most influential city-states: Sparta and Athens• Sparta stressed stern discipline• Athens glorified the individual and extended

political rights to more citizens.

Page 10: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers

• In 600 B.C. became a military state• At age 7 they began training for a lifetime in

the army• Course diet• Hard exercise• Rigid system of discipline

Page 11: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers

• Girls: Were expected to produce healthy sons for the army.• Worked to exercise and strengthen their

bodies

Page 12: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Sparta: A Nation of Soldiers

• Government:• 2 kings• Council of Elders• Assembly: made up of all citizens. They were

responsible for approving major decisions.• Citizens: Male, native-born, over age 30• Ephors: elected by assembly, officials who

held the real power and ran day-to-day affairs.

Page 13: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Athens: A Limited Democracy

• DEMOCRACY: government by the people.• The ideal of democracy began in Athens• In Athens their government began as a

monarchy but evolved into an aristocracy.

Page 14: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Athens: A Limited Democracy

• 700 B.C. noble landowners held power and chose chief officials.

• Nobles judged major cases in court and dominated the assembly.

• Athenian wealth and power grew.• However, ordinary people were unhappy.• They wanted more rights, especially farmers

who during hard times, were forced to sell their land to nobles and became slaves.

Page 15: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Athens: A Limited Democracy

• In 594 B.C. Solon was the trusted leader• He outlawed debt slavery and freed those

already sold into it to pay off debts• He opened offices to more citizens• Loosened citizenship requirements• Gave Athenian Assembly more authority• His reforms assured more fairness and justice

to small groups

Page 16: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Athens: A Limited Democracy

• Still, many ordinary people were still upset thus leading to tyrants.

• TYRANTS: leaders who gain power through force

• Tyrants won the support of merchant class and the poor by creating reforms to help these groups.

Page 17: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Athens: A Limited Democracy

• Tyrant: Pisistratus (py SIS truh tus)• Gave farmers and poor citizens a greater voice,

weakening the aristocracy• 507 B.C. reformer: Cleisthenes (KLYS thuh neez)• Made role of citizens in government bigger• Created council of 500, whose members were

chosen by citizens over 30. • Made council a legislature: prepared laws,

supervised day-to-day work of government, debated laws before deciding to approve or reject them

Page 18: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Athens: A Limited Democracy

• By modern standard their democracy was very limited.

• Only make citizens could participate in the government

• Few people qualified for citizenship• Women had no share in public life

Page 19: Chapter 1 Section 1 Standard: 10.1

Assignment #1:

• What process took city-states from monarchy to aristocracy and, in Athens, to democracy?• You can create a timeline or write in

paragraph form a response. If you choose a timeline you must use complete sentences to explain each tick mark.