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Chapter 1; Section 1
Road Runner VideoNotes:
Observing MotionReference Point:
Object that appears to stay in placeEx: Earth’s surface
YouLandscape
Motion: When an object changes position over
time when compared with a reference point
Dancing on the Ceiling
Fred Astaire’s Dance
Speed Depends on Distance and TimeSpeed: The rate an object moves
How long it takes an object to move over time
Average Speed= total distance/ total time
SI unit for speed= meters per second (m/s)
Activity: Math Break pg 5
Velocity: Direction MattersVelocity: The speed of an object in a specific
directionPlanes velocity = 600 km/h south
Activity: Self Check pg 6
Change in velocity= change in speed or direction
Combining VelocitiesCombine two velocities in same direction= add
togetherCombine two velocities in opposite directions=
subtract smaller velocity from larger velocity
Section Review Pg 7
Acceleration
Acceleration ContinuedCircular motion: Continuous Acceleration
Centripetal Acceleration= Change direction in a circle, changes velocity
Figure 5
Graphing Acceleration:Acceleration= positive because velocity
increases as time passes (Graph goes up)Deceleration= Graph goes down
Section Review Pg 10Answers on pg 10 in book
What is Force?Chapter 1 Section 2
Forces Act on ObjectsForces= A push or pull on an object
Size and direction
Newton= How force is measuredSI unit
Activity:Examples
Forces in CombinationNet Fore= The combination of forces on an object
May the Force Be With You
Forces in the same direction= Added Together
Forces in the opposite direction= Subtracted from one anotherSubtract the smaller force from the larger
Figure 8:Pg 13 Self Check:
Unbalanced and Balanced ForcesUnbalanced Forces=
The object moves (Change in motion)Net force NOT EQUAL to 0 NEx. Soccer Ball
Balanced Force= the object doesn’t move
Net force EQUAL to 0 NEx. Bird’s nest in a treeEx. Hat resting on your head
Friction: A Force That Opposes Motion
Chapter 1, Section 3
The Source of FrictionFriction: A force that opposes motion
between two surfaces that are touching.Friction depends on two things:
1. Roughness of surfaces- The rougher the surface, the more friction
Ex. Skating on ice vs. grass
2. Amount of force- the greater the force the more friction
Ex. Massive object vs. Non massive object
Activity:Pg 15: Connect to life…
Types of FrictionDefinitionTwo facts3 examples
Types of FrictionSliding Friction- The friction of sliding an
object across another object.Ex. Sliding a dresser on the floor or sledding down a hill
Rolling Friction- The friction between wheels and the surface they are rolling onEx. Pushing a grocery cart or roller skating
Fluid Friction- The friction opposes the motion of objects traveling through a fluid (fluid may be gas or liquid)Ex. Swimming through water or a plane flying in the air
Static Friction- Friction that keeps an object stationaryEx. Pushing on a wall
Discussion!Ways to reduce friction?
Ways to increase friction?
Activity:pg 20 apply
Friction Can Be Harmful or Helpful
Harmful frictionHoles in socks or knees of jeansWind & water cause erosion
Helpful frictionFriction between pencil & paperWithout friction, you would just slip & fall
when you tried to walk
Friction ReductionWays to reduce friction
Lubricants- Substances applied to surfaces to reduce the friction between them
Switching from sliding friction to rolling friction by the use of ball bearings
Make surfaces that rub together smoother
25
Gravity: A Force of Attraction
Chapter 1, Section 4
Gravity
All Matter Is Affected by GravityGravity = The force between two objects due
to their massesAll objects experience an attraction toward
all other objectsEarth’s gravitational force is large= pulls
everything toward center of earthEx. Chair stays in placeEx. Dropped objects fall to earth and not
toward you
The Law of Universal GravitationSir Isaac Newton
Law= All object attract each other and the force depends on the objects mass and distance
Gravitational force increases when mass increasesEx. Cat is easier to pick up than elephant
Gravitational force decreases when distance increasesEx. PlanetsActivity:Pg 24 Activity
Weight Is a Measure of Gravitational Force
Weight= A measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object
Mass= Amount of matter in an object (value does not change)
Gravity is a force and is measured in Newton's
100 g is about 1 N