Chapter 1 Sec. 3Beginnings of Civilization

Mr. MarshColumbus North High School

Why was a surplus of food so important to creating a civilization?

SHORTANSWER

River Valley Civilizations

Cities rose along the river valleys of the Tigris Euphrates

Middle East Nile

Egypt Indus

India Yellow or (Huang He)

China

The area of Egypt and Mesopotamia is referred to as the ________?

A. Fertile MoonB. Fertile CrescentC. Fertile SunD. Fertile Mertile

Features of Civilizations

Eight Basic Features of a Civilization Cities Well-organized central governments Complex religions Job specialization Social classes Arts and architecture Public works writing

Rise of Cities

Rise of cities were the main feature of a Civilization. Civilization-is a complex, highly

organized social order

First cities developed after farmers cultivated lands along river and produced a surplus of food.

Organized Governments

Early Governments were lead by warrior kings

Rulers used heredity to ensure there families place.

Rulers claimed the were placed there by god Early Chinese Kings took the title “Son of

Heaven”

Governments became more complex with time and size

Complex Religions

Most ancient People were Polytheistic Polytheistic-believed in many gods Monotheistic- Believe in one god

Believed that the gods controlled water, fire, sun and human activities To ensure divine help, people built

temples, and carried out sacrifices of food animals and humans.

Job Specialization

As people moved into cities no longer did they build everything they needed. People relied on each other, people

developed skills Metal working Pottery Weaver Wood Worker Etc…

What did we notice about the quality of craftsman's work in a civilization? And why?

SHORTANSWER

Social Classes

The Development of societies brought along the development of social classes

Religious LeadersNobles

Wealthy Merchants

PeasantsI.E. Farmers

Slaves

Why do we use a pyramid to show social classes?

SHORTANSWER

Arts and Architecture

Public Works

Irrigation Systems Roads Bridges Walls Etc…

Pictograms are a type of writing?

A. TrueB. False

Writing

A new skill found in civilizations Theory is it began in temples in order

to record amounts of grain collected

Earliest forms of writing were Pictograms

Pictograms- simple drawings that looked like the object they represented

Spread of Civilizations As cities grew they brought civilization to new

areas. City-States: a political unit which includes a city and

the surrounding farm lands, etc…

First Empires grew from competition and war Wars between city states developed the first empires

Nomadic Interaction The first cities were spread all over and needed to

work with nomadic tribes for trading. Nomadic tribes are only considered non-civilized

because of the lack of the eight basic features

Civilizations and Change

Many things can cause civilizations to change

Environmental Changes Floods Droughts Volcanoes Over us of natural resources

Interaction Among People Cultural Diffusion Warfare