Chapter 1 - Operating Cisco IOS Devices

1

CCNA Routing & Switching

Chapter 1

Operating Cisco IOS Devices

© 2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. INTRO v2.1—8-2

Cisco IOS Software

• Features to carry the chosen network protocols and functions

• Connectivity for high-speed traffic between devices

• Security to control access and prohibit unauthorized network use

• Scalability to add interfaces and capability as needed for network growth

• Reliability to ensure dependable access to networked resources


Configuring Network Devices

• Configuration sets up the device with the following:

– Network policy of the functions required

– Protocol addressing and parameter settings

– Options for administration and management

• Catalyst switch memory has initial configuration with default settings.

• A Cisco router will prompt for initial configuration if there is no configuration in memory.


• Configurations can come from many sources.

• Configurations will act in device memory.

Console Port

Auxiliary Port

Interfaces

PC or UNIX Server

Web or Network ManagementServer

Virtual Terminal

External Configuration Sources

Telnet

TFTP


• A CLI is used to enter commands.

• Operations vary on different internetworking devices.

• Users type or paste entries in the console command modes.

• Command modes have distinctive prompts.

• Enter key instructs device to parse and execute the command.

• Two primary EXEC modes are user mode and privileged mode.

Cisco IOS User Interface Functions


There are two main EXEC modes for entering commands.

Cisco IOS Software EXEC Mode (User)


Cisco IOS Software EXEC Mode (Privileged)


Logging In to the Switch and Entering the Enable Password

>> enableEnter password:## disable

User-Mode Prompt User-Mode Prompt

Privileged-Mode Prompt Privileged-Mode Prompt

Console


User and Privileged mode

Router>enable

Password:zzzzz

Router#

Router#disable

Router>

Privileged

mode*

User

mode

Telnet

Aux

Console

*Also called Enable mode


CLI Help Features

What you type The help you get

? Help for all commands available in this mode

help Text describing how to get help. No actual command help is given

Command ? Text help describing all the first parameter options for the command

Com? A list of commands that start with “com”

Command parm? This style of help lists all parameters beginning with “parm”

(Notice that no spaces exist between parm and the ?)

Command parm<Tab> If you press the TAB key midword, the CLI either spells the rest of the parameter at the command line or does nothing. If the CLI does nothing, it means that this string of characters represents more than one possible next parameter, so the CLI does not know which to spell out.

Command parm1 ? If a space is inserted before the question mark, the CLI lists all the next parameters and gives a brief explanation of each.


• You can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that make a unique character string.

Router User-Mode Command List

wg_ro_c>?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry atmsig Execute Atm Signalling Commands cd Change current device clear Reset functions connect Open a terminal connection dir List files on given device disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system lat Open a lat connection lock Lock the terminal login Log in as a particular user logout Exit from the EXEC-- More --


wg_ro_c#?Exec commands: access-enable Create a temporary Access-List entry access-profile Apply user-profile to interface access-template Create a temporary Access-List entry bfe For manual emergency modes setting cd Change current directory clear Reset functions clock Manage the system clock configure Enter configuration mode connect Open a terminal connection copy Copy from one file to another debug Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') delete Delete a file dir List files on a filesystem disable Turn off privileged commands disconnect Disconnect an existing network connection enable Turn on privileged commands erase Erase a filesystem exit Exit from the EXEC help Description of the interactive help system-- More --

Router Privileged-Mode Command List

• You can complete a command string by entering the unique character string, then pressing the Tab key.


Router Command-Line Help Facilities

Context-Sensitive Help Console Error Messages

Identify problems with router commands that are incorrectly entered so that you can alter or correct them

Allows recall of long or complex commands or entries for reentry, review, or correction

Command History Buffer

Provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with a specific command


Router Context-Sensitive Help

Router# clok

Translating "CLOK"

% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

Router# cl?

clear clock

Router# clock

% Incomplete command.

Router# clock ?

set Set the time and date

Router# clock set


Router# <Ctrl-P>clock set ?

hh:mm:ss Current Time

• Symbolic Translation

• Command Prompting

• Last Command Recall


Router Context-Sensitive Help (cont.)

Router# clok

Translating "CLOK"

% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

Router#

clear clock

Router#


Router#

set Set the time and date

Router#


Router#

hh:mm:ss Current Time

Router# clock set 19:56:00


Router# clock set 19:56:00 ?

<1-31> Day of the month

MONTH Month of the year

Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 8

^

% Invalid input detected at the '^' marker

Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August


Router# clock set 19:56:00 04 August ?

<1993-2035> Year


• Syntax Checking



Router>Shape the future of internetworking by creating unpreced

Using Enhanced Editing CommandsUsing Enhanced Editing Commands

Shape the future of internetworking by creating unprecedented value for customers, employees, and partners.


Router>$ future of internetworking by creating unprecedented op

Using Enhanced Editing Commands

(Automatic scrolling of long lines).


Router>Shape the value of internetworking by creating unpreced



<Ctrl-A> Move to the beginning of the command line.


Router>$ value for customers, employees, and partners.




<Ctrl-E> Move to the end of the command line.






<Esc-B> Move back one word.








<Ctrl-F> Move forward one character.









<Ctrl-B> Move back one character.









<Ctrl-B> Move back one character.

<Esc-F> Move forward one word.



(Automatic scrolling of long lines.)

Ctrl-A

Ctrl-E

Esc-B

Esc-F Move forward one word.

Ctrl-B Move back one character.

Ctrl-F Move forward one character.

Using Enhanced Editing CommandsUsing Enhanced Editing Commands

Ctrl-D Delete a single character.


Move to the end of the command line.

Move back one word.

Move to the beginning of the command line.


Ctrl-P or Up Arrow Last (previous) command recall.

Ctrl-N or Down Arrow More recent command recall.

Router> show history Show command buffer contents.

Router> terminal history size lines Set session command buffer size.

Reviewing Router Command History


Configuring Cisco IOS SoftwareConfiguring Cisco IOS Software

Configuration Modes:• Global configuration mode

– wg_sw_a# conf term

– wg_sw_a(config)#

• Interface configuration mode

– wg_sw_a(config)# interface fa0/1

– wg_sw_a(config-if)#


Configuring Router IdentificationConfiguring Router Identification

• Sets the local identity or message for the accessed router or interface

Router NameRouter(config)#hostname wg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#

Interface Descriptionwg_ro_c(config)#interface ethernet 0wg_ro_c(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18

The name must follow the rules for ARPANET host names. They must start with a letter, end with a letter or digit, and have as interior characters only letters, digits, and hyphens. Names can be up to 63 characters.


Configuring Router IdentificationConfiguring Router Identification

Message-of-the-Day Banner

You can create a single or multiline message banner that appears on the screen when someone logs in tothe Cisco device.

wg_ro_3(config)#banner motd # Accounting DepartmentYou have entered a secured system. Authorized accessonly! #

# represents the delimiting character in the message above

•For message, enter a banner message up to 255 characters. You cannot use the delimiting character in the message.

•To delete the either banner, use the no banner motd global configuration command.


Enable Password

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Secret PasswordRouter(config)#enable secret sanfran

Router Password Configuration

•If both the enable password and secret are configured the enable exec command only accepts the password defined in the enable secret command

•Enable passwords are encrypted using the “service password-encryption”

•Enable secrets are stored as MD-5 hashed values instead of being encrypted

Router(config)#service password-encryption


Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#password ciscoRouter(config-line)#login

Console Password

Virtual Terminal Password

Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#password sanjoseRouter(config-line)#login

Router Password Configuration

Router(config)#service password-encryption

Show runEnable secret 5 $%F£$YH*(IHHF£”WEF^&?JK – 5 signifies a hashed valueEnable password 7 32e3498bc – 7 signifies an encrypted value..line vty 0 4login password 7 34246a238dw - 7 signifies an encrypted value


Router(config)#interface type module number/int numberRouter(config-if)#

Configuring an InterfaceConfiguring an Interface

• type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel

• number is used to identify individual interfaces

Router(config-if)#exit

• Quits from current interface configuration mode

Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#

• For modular routers


Configuring a Serial InterfaceConfiguring a Serial Interface

Enter global configuration mode

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0 Router(config-if)#

Router#configure termRouter(config)#

Specify interface


Configuring a Serial InterfaceConfiguring a Serial Interface

Enter Global Configuration Mode

Router(config)#interface serial 0/0 Router(config-if)#

Router#configure termRouter(config)#

Specify Interface


Router#show interface serial 0/0Serial0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is HD64570 Internet address is 10.140.4.2/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 64 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 00:00:09, output 00:00:04, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec(output omitted)

Verifying Your ChangesVerifying Your Changes

BW 64 Kbit,address is 10.140.4.2/24


Router#show interfaces serial 0/0

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is HD64570 Description: 64Kb Line to San Jose :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::

Operational............................Connection/Layer 2 encap…Interface problem..................Disabled ................................

Serial0/0 is up, line protocol is upSerial0/0 is up, line protocol is downSerial0/0 is down, line protocol is downSerial0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down

KeepalivesCarrier Detect

Interpreting Interface Status


Disabling or Enabling an Interface

Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0/0 Router(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Seria0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up

•Enables an interface that is administratively shut down

Router#configure termRouter(config)#interface serial 0/0 Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

• Administratively turns off an interface


Serial Interface show controller Command

Router#show controller serial 0/0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

.

.

.

Router#show controller serial 0/0HD unit 0, idb = 0x121C04, driver structure at 0x127078buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable

.

.

.

• Shows the cable type of serial cables


Useful Commands

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#logging synchronous

Preventing console session timeout

Redisplays interrupted console input

Router(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Disable DNS-based host name-to-address translation on your switch.This feature is enabled by default, typos will cause the cisco device to broadcast the typo out to a DNS server on 255.255.255.255

Preventing DNS resolution due to typos


• Defines the static host name to IP address mapping

• Hosts/interfaces are selectable by name or IP address

Router IP Host NamesRouter IP Host Names

Router(config)#ip host name [tcp-port-number]address [address]Router(config)#ip host name [tcp-port-number]address [address]

ip host R1 172.16.3.1ip host S1 172.16.4.3ip host R1 172.16.3.1ip host S1 172.16.4.3


Cisco Discovery Protocol

• CDP is a proprietary utility that provides a summary of directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices.

• CDP discovers neighboring devices regardless of which protocol suite they are running.

• Physical media must support the SNAP encapsulation, Because CDP runs over the data-link layer only, two systems that support different network-layer protocols can learn about each other.

• Each CDP-configured device sends periodic messages to a multicast address of 01:00:0c:cc:cc:cc

• CDP v2 is the default version on Cat 2950 switches


Discovering Neighbors with CDP

• CDP runs on routers with Cisco IOS software Release 10.3 or later and on Cisco switches and hubs.

• Summary information includes:

– Device identifiers

– Address list

– Port identifier

– Capabilities list

– Platform


Using CDP


Using the show cdp neighbors Command


Using the show cdp entry Command


Additional CDP Commands


Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices


Viewing Telnet Connections

Who I am connected to

Who is connected to you


Suspending and Resuming a Telnet Session


Closing a Telnet Session


Using the ping and trace Commands

Tests the connectivity and path to a remote device


Debug Commands

Router# debug ip eigrpIP-EIGRP: Processing incoming UPDATE packetIP-EIGRP: Ext 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560 - 256000 130560 SM 360960 - 256000 104960IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560 - 256000 130560 SM 360960 - 256000 104960IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 M 386560 - 256000 130560 SM 360960 - 256000 104960IP-EIGRP: 172.69.43.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 172.69.43.0 255.255.255.0 metric 371200 - 256000 115200IP-EIGRP: 192.135.246.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.135.246.0 255.255.255.0 metric 46310656 - 45714176 596480IP-EIGRP: 172.69.40.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 172.69.40.0 255.255.255.0 metric 2272256 - 1657856 614400IP-EIGRP: 192.135.245.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1IP-EIGRP: Ext 192.135.245.0 255.255.255.0 metric 40622080 - 40000000 622080IP-EIGRP: 192.135.244.0 255.255.255.0, - do advertise out Ethernet0/1


Show Commands

R1#show ip route eigrpD 172.17.0.0/16 [90/40514560] via 192.168.1.102, 00:07:01, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksD 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:05:13, Null0 192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksD 192.168.1.0/24 is a summary, 00:05:13, Null0

R1#show ip route <output omitted>Gateway of last resort is not setD 172.17.0.0/16 [90/40514560] via 192.168.1.102, 00:06:55, Serial0/0/1 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksD 172.16.0.0/16 is a summary, 00:05:07, Null0C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masksC 192.168.1.96/27 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1D 192.168.1.0/24 is a summary, 00:05:07, Null0


• System startup routines initiate router software.

• Router falls back to startup alternatives if needed.

Check hardware

Find and load Cisco IOSsoftware image

Find and apply routerconfiguration information

Load Bootstrap

1. Before you start the router, verify the power, cabling, and console connection.

2. Push the power switch to “on.”

3. Observe the boot sequence:

– Cisco IOS software output text appears on the console.

Initial Startup of the Cisco Router


Router Power On/Bootup Sequence

• Perform power-on self test (POST).

• Load and run bootstrap code.

• Find the Cisco IOS software.

• Load the Cisco IOS software.

• Find the configuration.

• Load the configuration.

• Run the configured Cisco IOS software.


Router Internal Components

RAM (DRAM)Working

Memory and running

configuration

Configuration Register

ROMBasic Cisco IOS

Software

FlashCisco IOS software

EEPROM or PCMCIA

NVRAMStartup Configuration

Interfaces


ROM Functions

ROM

• Contains microcode for basic functions

Bootstrap

Mini IOSsoftware

file

ROMMonitor

POST

show version

Console


Finding the Cisco IOS

Flash

showversion

show startup-config

CiscoIOS

Software

Order of search:1. Checks configuration register 2. Parses config in NVRAM3. Defaults to first file in Flash4. Attempts to boot from network server5. RXBOOT6. ROMMON

Console

Configuration Register

NVRAM


wg_ro_a# s how versionCisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguyeImage text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), (fc1)

wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"

--More--

Configuration register is 0x2102

Determining the Current Configuration Register Value

• Configuration register value in show version


Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#config-register 0x2102[Ctrl-Z]Router#reload

• Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option.

• Check configuration register value with show version

Configuration Register ValuesConfiguration Register Values

Configuration Register Boot Field Value

0x0

0x2 to 0xF

0x1

Meaning

Use ROM monitor mode (manually boot using the b command).

Examine NVRAM for boot system commands (0x2 default if router has Flash).

Automatically boot from ROM(provides Cisco IOS software subset).


Router Startup Flowchart

Use IOS fromFlash

Attempt to Get

IOS from Network

Use IOS in ROM(rxboot Mode)

Check StartupConfig

Boot Field = 0

0x0

Boot Field = 1

0x1

Boot System

Commands?

Config regbit 13 = 1

?

5 Failures?

Valid IOS inFlash

?

Do WhatThey Say

RunROM

Monitor

START

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

NoYes Success

?

No

Yes

Use File fromNetwork

Load IOSValid Config

?

Config RegBit 6 = 1

?

Yes

No Yes

SETUPDIALOG

NORMAL STARTUP

COMPLETE

No


Loading the Configuration

Console

CiscoIOS

Setup Utility

showstartup-config

showrunning-config

• Load and execute the configuration from NVRAM.

• If no configuration is present in NVRAM, enter setup mode.

ConfigConfig

RAM NVRAM


show running and show startup Commands

wg_ro_c#show startup-configUsing 1359 out of 32762 bytes!version 12.0!

-- More --

wg_ro_c#show running-configBuilding configuration...

Current configuration:!version 12.0!

-- More --

In NVRAMIn RAM

• Displays current and saved configuration


Loading the Cisco IOS from Flash

Flash

CiscoIOS

CiscoIOS show flash

• Flash file is decompressed into RAM.

Console

RAM


show flash Command

wg_ro_a# sh flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

wg_ro_a# sh flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)


wg_ro_a# show flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin

[10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total]16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Verifying Memory and Deciphering Image FilenamesVerifying Memory and Deciphering Image Filenames


Components of the Show version command


Sources of ConfigurationsSources of Configurations

ConfigConfig

RAM NVRAM

• NVRAM

copy running startup

copy startup running (merge)



ConfigConfig

RAM NVRAM

• NVRAM

• Terminal



config term

(merge)



ConfigConfig

Console

RAM NVRAM

• NVRAM

• Terminal

• TFTP server



TFTPserver

copy start tftp

copy tftp start

copy run tftp

copy tftp run

(merge)

config term

(merge)

copy {tftp / running-config / startup-config} {tftp / running-config / startup-config


Sources of Configurations

ConfigurationConfiguration

Console

RAM NVRAM

• NVRAM

• Terminal

• TFTP server

• Erase start



TFTPServer

Blank000000000000

erasestart

config term

(merge)

copy tftp run

(merge) copy tftp start

copy start tftpcopy run tftp


copy run tftp and copy tftp run Commands

wg_ro_a# copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg .!!1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ![OK - 1684/3072 bytes]

1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)


Boot System Commands

Boot System Commands

Result

No Boot command Tries loading the following (in order): first file in flash in flash; broadcast looking for TFTP server and a default filename; IOS in ROM; or uses ROM Monitor

Boot system ROM IOS from ROM is loaded

Boot system flash The first file from flash memory

Boot system flash filename IOS with the name filename is loaded from flash memory

Boot system tftp filename 10.1.1.1

IOS with the name filename is loaded from the TFTP server.

Multiple boot system commands, any variety

An attempt occurs to load IOS based on the first boot command in the configuration. If that fails, the second boot command is used, and so on, until one is successful


Unconfigured Versus Configured Router

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:yes At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets '[ ]'.

Setup ModeSetup Mode

wg_ro_c con0 is now available

Press RETURN to get started.

User-Mode Prompt

User-Mode Prompt

wg_ro_c>

Bootup Output from the Router

Console


Setup: The Initial Configuration Dialog

Router#setup

--- System Configuration Dialog ---

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: y

At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.

Basic management setup configures only enough connectivityfor management of the system, extended setup will ask youto configure each interface on the system

Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: n


Setup Global Parameters

Initial Global Parameters

Configuring global parameters:

Enter host name [Router]:wg_ro_c

The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco

The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: sanfran

The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:

Configuring global parameters:

Enter host name [Router]:wg_ro_c

The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration. Enter enable secret: cisco

The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: sanfran

The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: sanjose Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:


Setup Interface Parameters

BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : [0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI. [1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany [2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada [3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada [4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe [5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type [6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia [7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan [8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:

Configuring interface parameters:

Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:

Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: y Configure IP on this interface? [no]: y IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24

Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:

BRI interface needs isdn switch-type to be configured Valid switch types are : [0] none..........Only if you don't want to configure BRI. [1] basic-1tr6....1TR6 switch type for Germany [2] basic-5ess....AT&T 5ESS switch type for the US/Canada [3] basic-dms100..Northern DMS-100 switch type for US/Canada [4] basic-net3....NET3 switch type for UK and Europe [5] basic-ni......National ISDN switch type [6] basic-ts013...TS013 switch type for Australia [7] ntt...........NTT switch type for Japan [8] vn3...........VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Choose ISDN BRI Switch Type [2]:

Configuring interface parameters:

Do you want to configure BRI0 (BRI d-channel) interface? [no]:

Do you want to configure Ethernet0 interface? [no]: y Configure IP on this interface? [no]: y IP address for this interface: 10.1.1.33 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10.0.0.0, 24 subnet bits; mask is /24

Do you want to configure Serial0 interface? [no]:


Setup Script Review and Use

The following configuration command script was created:

hostname Routerenable secret 5 $1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enable password sanfranline vty 0 4password sanjoseno snmp-server!no appletalk routingno decnet routingip routingno clns routingno ipx routingno vines routingno xns routingno apollo routingisdn switch-type basic-5ess

interface BRI0shutdownno ip address!interface Ethernet0no shutdownip address 10.1.1.31 255.255.255.0no mop enabled!interface Serial0shutdownno ip address<text omitted>end

[0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config.[1] Return back to the setup without saving this config.[2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit.

Enter your selection [2]:


wg_ro_a# copy flash tftpSource filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<output omitted>10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#

Creating a Software Image BackupCreating a Software Image Backup

• Back up current files prior to updating Flash.

NetworkServer

FLASHFLASH

copy flash tftp


Upgrading the Image from the NetworkUpgrading the Image from the Network

• Erase Flash occurs before loading new image.• Note the message that the image already exists.

NetworkServer

FLASHFLASH

wg_ro_a# copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted) ...erasedErase of flash: completeLoading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(output omitted)[OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes]Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0)10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#


• System startup routines initiate switch software.

• Initial startup uses default configuration parameters.

Initial Startup of the Catalyst Switch


Catalyst 2950 Switch LED Indicators


2950 Switch LEDs

LED Use and Meaning

System OFF: Powered off / GREEN: Up and Working / AMBER: POST failure

RPS This signals the existence of RPS, the status of RPS, and the status of main power

Port LEDs Each port has a single LED, whose meaning is interpreted based on which of the four MODE LEDs is lit

MODE When pressed, this button changes from one of the four states: Stat, util, duplex and speed. The current mode is shown by the green LED.

Stat Green mean port is functioning, off means port is not functioning, flashing means activity on port

Util Uses port LEDs to give an indication of switch utilization, the more ports that are lit the more the switch is being utilised

Duplex The port LEDs show solid green if full duplex, and off if half duplex

Speed For 10/100 ports, the LEDs shows solid green if running 100Mbps, and off if running 10Mbps


Initial Bootup Output from the Catalyst 2950 Switch


Initial Configuration of the Catalyst 2950 Switch Using Setup


Example:

wg_sw_a(config)#interface vlan 1wg_sw_a(config-if)#ip address 10.5.5.11 255.255.255.0wg_sw_a(config-if)#no shutdown

Note: It is necessary to use the no shutdown command to make the interface operational.

wg_sw_a(config)#interface vlan 1wg_sw_a(config-if)#ip address {ip address} {mask}

Configuring the Switch IP Address


Example:

wg_sw_a(config)#ip default-gateway 172.20.137.1

wg_sw_a(config)#ip default-gateway {ip address}

Configuring the Switch Default Gateway


Switch show version Command


Switch show interfaces Command

89

CCNA Routing & Switching

Chapter 1

The End

Documents

Chapter 1 - Operating Cisco IOS Devices