Chapter 1

Introduction

Linda Null, Julia Lobur

Figure 01.UN01: "Computing is not about computers anymore. It is about living … more digital than the preceding one."

CREDIT UPDATE NEEDED: Nicholas Negroponte, Chairman Emeritus, MIT Media Lab.

Figure 01.F01: A Typical Computer Advertisement

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Table 01.T01: Common Prefixes Associated with Computer Organizations and Architecture

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Figure 01.UN02: Photo of mother board with labeled components. labeled diagram of Acer E360 Socket 939 motherboard by Foxconn.

Moxfyre at en.wikipedia. CC-BY-SA-3.0; Released under the GNU Free Documentation License.

Figure 01.UN03: A Disassembled Tablet Computer

Courtesy of Julia Lobur

Figure 01.UN04: The Mechanical Turk

Reprinted from Robert Willis, An Attempt to Analyse the Automaton Chess Player of Mr. de Kempelen. JK Booth, London. 1824.

Figure 01.UN05: A poster showing a photograph of the army's ENIAC computer.U.S. Army, 1946

Figure 01.UN06: Illustration of a vacuum tube, with plate, control grid, cathode, and envelope labeled.

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Figure 01.UN07: Illustration of a rectifier, an electronic valve.

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Figure 01.UN08: Negative charge on a cathode and control grid; positive on anode: Electrons stay near cathode

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Figure 01.UN09: Negative charge on cathode; positive on control grid and anode: Electrons travel from cathode to anode

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Figure 01.UN10: Illustration of a triode with labeled parts.

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Figure 01.UN11: Illustration showing a diode, triode, tetrode, and pentode.

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Figure 01.UN12: Illustration of two fingers holding a transistor.

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Figure 01.UN13: Illustration showing the division of the emitter, base, and collector.

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Figure 01.UN14: Illustration showing the process in which the electron source is taken, a few electrons are added and withdrawn, and a large current output results.

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Figure 01.UN15: Illustration showing the position of the emitter and contacts.

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Figure 01.F02: Comparison of Computer Components. Clockwise, starting from the top: 1) Vacuum Tube 2) Transistor 3) Chip containing 3200 2-input NAND gates 4) Integrated

circuit package (the small silver square in the lower left-hand corner is an integrated circuit)Courtesy of Linda Null

Figure 01.F03: The Abstract Levels of Modern Computing Systems

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Figure 01.F04: Levels of Computing as a Service

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Figure 01.F05: The von Neumann Architecture

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Figure 01.F06: The Modified von Neumann Architecture, Adding a System Bus

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