Chapter 1: Chapter 1: Interactions Between Interactions Between Living Things and Living Things and Their EnvironmentTheir Environment

Lesson 1: Lesson 1:

Interdependence of Plants and Interdependence of Plants and AnimalsAnimals

The student will:The student will:

recognize how animals and plants are recognize how animals and plants are interdependent.interdependent.

distinguish between commensalism, distinguish between commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism.parasitism, and mutualism.

predict whether an organism can survive predict whether an organism can survive in a particular ecosystem.in a particular ecosystem.

Getting the IdeaGetting the Idea

When a tree falls down in the woods, When a tree falls down in the woods, many other living things in that forest are many other living things in that forest are affected.affected.

Birds that might have made their homes Birds that might have made their homes in the tree have to find a new place to in the tree have to find a new place to live. Plants that were living in the shade live. Plants that were living in the shade under that tree are now in the bright sun.under that tree are now in the bright sun.

Getting the IdeaGetting the Idea Animals that might have eaten fruit or Animals that might have eaten fruit or

leaves from that tree must find other leaves from that tree must find other food. food.

AnAn ecosystem ecosystem is all the living and is all the living and non-living things that can be found in non-living things that can be found in a particular area.a particular area.

Getting the IdeaGetting the Idea

The plants and animals in any ecosystem The plants and animals in any ecosystem are connected to each other in different are connected to each other in different ways. When something happens to one ways. When something happens to one part of an ecosystem, other parts of the part of an ecosystem, other parts of the ecosystem are affected, too.ecosystem are affected, too.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

An ecosystem is made up of many plants An ecosystem is made up of many plants and animals. But there are important and animals. But there are important parts of an ecosystem that are not alive. parts of an ecosystem that are not alive.

The sun, water, soil, and air are all parts The sun, water, soil, and air are all parts of the ecosystem that give that area of the ecosystem that give that area certain characteristics. These are certain characteristics. These are abiotic abiotic characteristics. characteristics.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

One ecosystem One ecosystem might be rocky and might be rocky and dry.dry.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

Another ecosystem Another ecosystem might be marshy and might be marshy and cold.cold.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

These nonliving factors determine the These nonliving factors determine the kinds of plants and animals will be able to kinds of plants and animals will be able to live in an ecosystem. live in an ecosystem.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

Plants and animals Plants and animals that need warm, that need warm, moist conditions will moist conditions will be found in tropical be found in tropical ecosystems but not ecosystems but not in the Arctic tundra. in the Arctic tundra.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

Polar bears will be Polar bears will be found in the Arctic found in the Arctic tundra but not in the tundra but not in the tropical ecosystems tropical ecosystems because their thick because their thick fur and layer of fat fur and layer of fat would make it hard to would make it hard to handle the heat of handle the heat of the tropics.the tropics.

The Nonliving Parts of an The Nonliving Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

The nonliving parts of an ecosystem The nonliving parts of an ecosystem create an area, or create an area, or habitathabitat, for all the , for all the living organisms in that ecosystem. living organisms in that ecosystem.

The living things include plants, animals, The living things include plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. The things are the bacteria, and fungi. The things are the bioticbiotic characters. They couldn’t live characters. They couldn’t live without the abiotic resources in the area, without the abiotic resources in the area, such as water, soil, and sunlight. such as water, soil, and sunlight.

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

In many ways, the living organisms In many ways, the living organisms depend on each other, too. Animals depend on each other, too. Animals depend on plants for things such as food depend on plants for things such as food and shelter. Plants give off oxygen and and shelter. Plants give off oxygen and take in carbon dioxide. Animals need the take in carbon dioxide. Animals need the oxygen that plants are breathing out. In oxygen that plants are breathing out. In return, animals breathe out the carbon return, animals breathe out the carbon dioxide that plants need.dioxide that plants need.

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

Plants depend on animals to deposit Plants depend on animals to deposit waste in the soil that can return nutrients waste in the soil that can return nutrients to the soil. to the soil.

Plants also depend on fungi to break Plants also depend on fungi to break down dead plants and animals to return down dead plants and animals to return nutrients to the soil. nutrients to the soil.

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

Each living organism must find a way to Each living organism must find a way to live and survive in its habitat.live and survive in its habitat.

All of the activities that an organism All of the activities that an organism does, along with its actual habitat, form does, along with its actual habitat, form an organism’s an organism’s nicheniche..

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

A A nicheniche is the role of an organism in its is the role of an organism in its habitat, including where and what it eats habitat, including where and what it eats and all the other interactions it has in the and all the other interactions it has in the habitat. habitat.

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

The Living Parts of an The Living Parts of an EcosystemEcosystem

So a beaver’s niche would be the pond it So a beaver’s niche would be the pond it lives in, the forest around the pond where lives in, the forest around the pond where it chews on trees, the tree bark it eats, it chews on trees, the tree bark it eats, the predators that it must hide from, the the predators that it must hide from, the air it breathes, and the sun that warms its air it breathes, and the sun that warms its home.home.

1. Which of the following is a way 1. Which of the following is a way that plants depend on animals?that plants depend on animals?

A. Animals get energy by eating plants.A. Animals get energy by eating plants. B. Plants are homes to birds and other B. Plants are homes to birds and other

animals.animals. C. Plants get carbon dioxide from C. Plants get carbon dioxide from

animals.animals. D. Plants get oxygen from animals.D. Plants get oxygen from animals.

2. Which of the following is a 2. Which of the following is a living part of a pond living part of a pond ecosystem?ecosystem?

A. WaterA. Water B. SunB. Sun C. BacteriaC. Bacteria D. soilD. soil

3. There are many ways that 3. There are many ways that plants and animals depend on each plants and animals depend on each other for survival. All of the other for survival. All of the following are examples of following are examples of interdependence in ecosystems interdependence in ecosystems except thatexcept that

A. plants provide food for animalsA. plants provide food for animals B. animal waste gives nutrients to the soilB. animal waste gives nutrients to the soil C. Insects pollinate the flowers of plantsC. Insects pollinate the flowers of plants D. Plants get their energy from animalsD. Plants get their energy from animals

1.1. A harbor seal lives in the A harbor seal lives in the ocean, eats fish, and is eaten ocean, eats fish, and is eaten by polar bears. The ocean, the by polar bears. The ocean, the fish, and the polar bears are all fish, and the polar bears are all part of the harbor seal’spart of the harbor seal’s

A. NicheA. Niche B. PredatorsB. Predators C. Nonliving environmentC. Nonliving environment D. preyD. prey

1. Which of the following is a way 1. Which of the following is a way that plants depend on animals?that plants depend on animals?

C. Plants get carbon dioxide from C. Plants get carbon dioxide from animals.animals.

2. Which of the following is a 2. Which of the following is a living part of a pond living part of a pond ecosystem?ecosystem?

C. bacteriaC. bacteria

3. There are many ways that 3. There are many ways that plants and animals depend on each plants and animals depend on each other for survival. All of the other for survival. All of the following are examples of following are examples of interdependence in ecosystems interdependence in ecosystems except thatexcept that

D. Plants get their energy from animalsD. Plants get their energy from animals

A harbor seal lives in the A harbor seal lives in the ocean, eats fish, and is eaten ocean, eats fish, and is eaten by polar bears. The ocean, the by polar bears. The ocean, the fish, and the polar bears are all fish, and the polar bears are all part of the harbor seal’spart of the harbor seal’s

A. nicheA. niche

Homework:Homework:

An ecosystem contains blueberry An ecosystem contains blueberry bushes, deer, mice, snakes, and a river. bushes, deer, mice, snakes, and a river. Give FOUR examples of how living and Give FOUR examples of how living and nonliving parts of this ecosystem depend nonliving parts of this ecosystem depend on each other to survive.on each other to survive.